biotechnology presentation

3. Proteins are the bio-molecules composed
of amino acids; forming the building block
of the system and performs most of the
biological functions of the system.

4. The process by which the proteins from
the cells or tissues are recovered for the
analysis purpose is known as protein
isolation or protein extraction.

5. • proteins were known as the distinct class
of biological molecules
• They distinguished this by its ability to
coagulate
• Studies focused on the proteins that
could be purified in large quantities

6. • To compare the structure of proteins b y
different organism
• To purify a protein in order to identify
the gene that encodes it and to resolve
proteins by SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl
sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis)

7. • To examine an enzyme in a crude
extract for physiological studies
• To study the mechanism of action
of an enzyme
• To diagnose parasitic disease

10. 1. Ion Exchange Chromatography
• Separates proteins based on their
surface ionic charge
• Proteins with very similar charges can
be separated
• Ion exchange column utilized the
principle of ion exchange
chromatography

12. 2. Gel Filtration Chromatography
• Also known as size-exclusion or gel-
permeation chromatography
• Separates proteins according to size and
shape
• Separation of molecules is divided into
three main types

14. • Used for tissues like some leaves and a
post treatment after grinding
• Does not require freezing thus may
avoid artefacts of freezing but may
cause artefacts by heating of the sample

16. • Used for individual cells (plant cell
culture, algae or bacteria) without or
with soft walls
• Does not require freezing and thus may
avoid artefacts of freezing
• Requires many expensive machinery

18. • Used for hard tissues and cells like
roots, stems, but also for hard walled
cells like some algae and cyanobacteria
• Low temperature protects the proteins
during grinding
• Time consuming and requires suitable
machinery

20. • Used only for bacteria or animal cells
• May cause degradation
• No machinery needed