Nfpt

1. NOVEL FOOD PROCESSING
TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC: MEMBRANE SEPARATION
TECHNOLOGY

2. INTRODUCATION
 A Membrane is a thin semi-permeable barrier which can be used for the
following types of separation:
1.Particle-Liquid Separation
2.Particle-Solute Separation
3.Solute-Solvent Separation
4.Solute-Solute Separation
 Membranes can separate particles and molecules and over a wide
particle size range and molecular weights.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBRANE PROCESS
 Pressure driven membrane based bio separation process can be
classified into four types based on the size of the permeable species:
 Microfiltration (MF)
 Ultra filtration (UF)
 Nano filtration (NF)
 Reverse osmosis (RO)

5. MICROFILTRATION
 Microfiltration refers to the separation of suspended material such as
bacteria by using a membrane with pore sizes of 0.1 to10um
 The various applications of microfiltration in Food processing sector
1.Cell harvesting from bioreactors
2.Vrius removal for Pharmaceutical Products
3.Clarification of fruit juice and beverages
4.Air filtration
5.Water purification
6.Sterilization of products

6. MICROFILTRATION

7. ULTRA FILTRATION
 UF membranes can retain macromolecular solutes.
 Solute retention is mainly determined by solute size. However , other factors such as
solute – solute and solute-membrane interactions can affect solute retention.
 Depending on the protein to be retained , membrane NMWLs in the range of 1 KD to
1000 KD are used.
 Two types of UF are virus filtration (VF) and High Performance tangential flow filtration
(HPTFF)

8.  Membrane NMWLs used for HPTFF are in range of 10KD to 300 KD.
 Common applications: Removal and recovery of oils, surfactants and paints from waste
streams , clarification of wines and juices and polishing of ultra pure water for bacteria
and particle removal.

9. ULTRA FILTRATION

10. NANO FILTRATION
 Nano filtration (NF) membranes allow salts and other small molecules to
pass through but retain larger molecules such as peptides,hormones
and sugars.
 Pore size is of order of nanometers.
 Driving force : pressure difference
 Common applications: Partial softening of feed water, removal of
contaminants from water or acid streams, and pretreatment for reverse
osmosis or other high purity systems.

11. NANO FILTRATION

12. REVERSE OSMOSIS
 Reverse osmosis (RO) separates salts and small molecules from low molecular weight
solutes (typically less than 100 daltons) at relatively high pressures using membranes
with NMWLs of 1KDa or lower.
 Reverse osmosis systems are primarily used to purify tap water to purities that exceed
distilled water quality.

13. REVERSE OSMOSIS

14. APPLICATIONS
 The particular advantage of membrane separation processes is that they
operate without heating and therefore use less energy than conventional
thermal separation processes.
 Therefore cold separation by means of membrane process is commonly
applied in the food technology, biotechnology and Pharmaceutical
industries.
 As an artificial kidney to remove toxic substances by hemo dialysis.

15. APPLICATIONS
 Nano filtration and reverse osmosis membranes are mainly used for water purification
purposes.
 Microfiltration and ultra filtration is widely used in food and beverage processing (Beer
microfiltration ,apple juice ultra filtration).
 Biotechnological applications and Pharmaceutical industry (antibiotic production ,
protein purification) water purification and wastewater treatmeant, microelectronics
industry and others.

16. THANK YOU