2. Our discussions….
• Ethnicity and Multilingualism
• Code-Switching in German
• Ethnology
• Language Contact and Code-
Switching
• Examples
• Question and Answer Session
4. Definition of Ethnicity
• The terms ethnicity and ethnic group are
derived from the Greek word
• ἔθνος ethnos, normally translated as
"nation".
• The terms refer currently to people thought to
have common ancestry who share a
distinctive culture.
5. Continued…
• ethnicity is a group of people
whose members identify with each
other, through a common heritage,
often consisting of a common
language, a common culture (often
including a shared religion) and/or
an ideology that stresses common
ancestry or endogamy
6. Ethnicity in Language use
• The language that is deemed
as a Nationalist Symbol
• Based from racial, culture or
family origin
7. Continued…
• Be the major badge of
ethnicity – that is
racial, cultural and family
origin
14. WHAT IS ETHNOLOGY ?
• Greenberg :
The science that analyzes and compares human cultures, as
in social structure, language, religion, and technology; cultural
anthropology.
• Cambridge Online Dictionaries :
The comparative and historical study of different societies and
cultures.
• Merriam Webster Online Dictionary :
A science that deals with the division of human beings into
races and their origin, distribution, relations, and
characteristics .
15. The article : Actually, Chinese May Not Be The Mother
Tongue by Sunny Goh represents the 3 different views of
Chinese language in Singapore :
16. HONG KONG CHAT ‘MIX’
•
Based on the script on page 78 about ‘Mix’, the blend of
English and Cantonese heard in Hongkong (mostly used by
among young people to gain popularity).
There are some points that show the ‘Mix’ and code switching
involved in the chat:
I. The uses of ‘la/lar’ which are marked for solidarity
II. There are some direct interferences from Chinese :
a) ‘granny number 8’ denotes a ‘nosy’ person
b) ‘shooting arrows’ is a Chinese idiom for a personal attack
c) ‘GER’ is an English spelling of the Chinese word for ‘only’.
18. Languange Contact and Code-
Switching
• Languages don't exist in isolation.
Rather, they are used by speech communities
whose members interact with one another
as well as with members of other speech
communities.
• Language contact occurs when two or more
languages or varieties interact.
• Language contact occurs in a variety of
phenomena, including
borrowing, interference and code-switching.
19. • The term interference refers to the influence
of one language (or variety) on another in the
speech of bilinguals who use both languages.
• Borrowing is a process of word borrowed from
a donor language and incorporated into a
recipient language.
• code-switching is the concurrent use of more
than one language, or language variety, in
conversation.
21. Example of Code Switching
Singlish:
- You know what happen lah. Fine. (='you know
what happened? I got fined.')
- Otherwise, how can be considered
Singaporean ah?
English-Indonesian:
- Nice to meet you, my name is John, boleh saya
duduk di sini?
22. Continued….
• Others
- Inilah yang mendongkrak perekonomian kita
sekarang ini, dan insya Allah growth itu akan
menjadi lebih sustain.
- Kalau dia sudah menunjukkan rasa cintanya,
go ahead, jangan malu-malu kucing.
23. Continued…
• A: Maaf mas, boleh saya duduk di sini?
B: Oh silahkan mba.
A: Loh, Deni.?
B: Ah, Yanti, kemana aja lu? Baru sekarang gua
liat lu lagi?
A: Ada aja nih, biasa lah gua lagi sibuk
ngurusin kerjaan……..
