The document discusses multilingualism, which refers to using or promoting multiple languages by individuals or communities. It notes that multilingual speakers now outnumber monolingual speakers globally. Multilingualism is driven by factors of globalization and cultural openness. A multilingual person can communicate actively through speaking, writing or signing, or passively through listening, reading or perceiving, in more than one language. Specific terms like bilingual and trilingual refer to two or three languages. The document also discusses receptive bilingualism, where individuals can understand a language but not speak it, as well as sequential, bilingual, and coordinate models of multilingualism at the linguistic level.

1. Multilingualism
Multilingualism is the act of using, or
promoting the use of, multiple
languages, either by an individual
speaker or by a community of speakers.
Multilingual
speakers
outnumber
monolingual speakers in the world's
population. Multilingualism is becoming
a social phenomenon governed by the
needs of globalization and cultural
openness.

2. A multilingual person, in a broad
definition,
is
one
who
can
communicate in more than one
language, be it actively (through
speaking, writing, or signing) or
passively
(through
listening, reading, or perceiving). More
specifically, the terms bilingual and
trilingual are used to describe
comparable situations in which two or
three languages are involved. A
multilingual person is generally

3. Receptive bilingualism
Receptive bilinguals are those who
have the ability to understand a
second language, but do not speak it.
Families who adopt this mode of
communication
can
be
highly
functional, although they may not be
seen as bilingual. Receptive bilinguals
may rapidly achieve oral fluency when
placed in situations where they are
required to speak the heritage
language.

4. Multilingualism at the
linguistic level
Sequential model
In this model, learners receive literacy
instruction in their native language
until they acquire "threshold" literacy
proficiency.

5. Bilingual model
In this model, the native language and
the community language are
simultaneously taught. The advantage
is literacy in two languages as the
outcome.

6. Coordinate model
This model posits that equal time
should be spent in separate instruction
of the native language and of the
community language. The native
language class, however, focuses on
basic literacy while the community
language class focuses on listening
and speaking skills. Being a bilingual
does not necessarily mean that one
can speak, for example, English and
French.