Descripción del curso de ingeniería celular.

1. Author: Guillermo Garibay Benítez
Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Unidad Profesional
Interdisciplinaria de Ingenierías
Campus Guanajuato

2. GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF STUDY PLAN
The student will apply cellular culture kinetics in the
modification of the metabolism in order to produce
a compound with biological activity

3. SYLLABUS
UNIT I Cellular Engineering Introduction
UNIT II Non-structured kinetics
UNIT III Structured kinetics
UNIT IV Metabolic Pathway Reaction Rates
UNIT V Metabolic Control
UNIT VI Synthetic Biology and Bionanotechnology

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1
Nielsen J., Villadsen J., Lidén G., Biorreaction Engineering Principles.
Springer 2002. ISBN-13: 978-0306473494
AVAILABLE AT LIBRARY AND ONLINE (Using Conricyt at institutional
network)
2 Practical Fermentation Technology. McNeil B., Harvey L., Wiley
3
Principles of Bioprocess Engineering, P.M. Doran (AVAILABLE AT
LIBRARY)
4 Principles of Biochemistry; Lehninger. Nelson D.L., Cox M., Omega
5
Advances in Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology, Editor: T. Scheper,
Metabolic Engineering, Editor: Jens Nielsen, Springer ISBN 3-540-41848-2
6
Bailey J.E., Ollis D.F., Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, Mc Graw
Hill International 1986, ISBN-13: 978-0306473494 (AVAILABE AT
LIBRARY)
7
Stephanopoulos G., Aristidou A.A., Nielsen J., Metabolic Engineering,
Academic Press, 1998, ISBN 0-12-666260-6(AVAILABE AT LIBRARY)

6. Goals

7. ¿WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING?

8. ¿IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A BIOCHEMICAL
ENGINEER AND A BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEER?

9. CELL THEORY
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell
division.

10. EXAMPLES OF CELLS
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria

11.  It is complex and organized
 Has a “genetic program” and the ways to
use it.
 Can reproduce itself.
 Harvest and uses energy.
 They react to sitimuli
 Self regulated.
 Evolves
CELL PROPERTIES

12. CELL STRUCTURE
Wall Cell
Cell Membrane
Citoplasm
Organelles
PROKARYOTIC
PLANT
ANIMAL
EUKARYOTIC

13. PROKARYOTIC
 Pared celular
(peptidoglucano).
 Membrana celular.
 Mesosomas.
 Ribosomas.
 Inclusiones
citoplasmaticas
(almacenaje).
 ADN (nucleoide).
 Fimbrias o pili.
 Flagelos.

14. EUKARYOTIC
• Bigger and more complex
than bacteria and archae
• Unicellular (amoeba and
yeast).
• Agrupaciones
pluricelulares.
• Nuclei and organelle
• Protistas, hongos, animal
vegetal

15. “TYPICAL” ANIMAL CELL

16. “TYPICAL” PLANT CELL

17.  Presente en células vegetales.
 Está por fuera de la membrana
plasmática.
 Formada principalmente por celulosa.
 Le da soporte, rigidez y protección a
la célula.
PARED CELULAR

18.  Componente celular donde
se realiza la mayor parte del
metabolismo.
 Forma aproximadamente el
50% del volumen celular.
 Formado por:
 Citosol
 Citoesqueleto
CITOPLASMA

19. THE DIVERSE BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY
• PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR MULTIPLES
MARKETS
Food and Beverage
Health Care: therapeutics, diagnostics, device
Specialty chemicals
Commodity Chemicals (bulk commodities, bulk
chemicals)
Waste treatment
• MANUFACTURING BY MULTIPLE SYNTHETIC &
EXTRACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Biosynthetic

20. THE DIVERSE BIOCHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY
• PRODUCTS BELONG TO MULTIPLE CLASSES
Small molecules
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Catabolites and Anabolites
Cells and Viruses

21. SUPPLY CHAIN IN BIOPROCESSING

22. MANUFACTURING BY FERMENTATION

23. FERMENTATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT

24. COMPLEXITY OF KINETIC DESCRIPTIONS
ENVIRONMENT
REACTIONS IN
SOLUTION
ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA
VARIABLES: pH, T,….
CHANGING
RHEOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
MULTIPHASE
SPATIAL
NONUNIFORMITY
CELL POPULATION
MULTICOMPONENT
CELL-TO-CELL
HETEROGENEITY
MULTIREACTION
INTERNAL CONTROLS
ADAPTABILITY
STOCHASTIC
GENETIC DRIFT
Nutrients, Substrates
Products
Heat
Mechanical Interactions
Two interacting systems involved:
•Cell population (the biological phase)
•Growht medium (environmental phase)

25. BIOLOGICAL PHASE EFFECTS
• Cells consume nutrients and convert substrates
from the enviornment into products
• Cells generate heat and, in turn, the medium
temperature sets the temperature of the cells.
• Mechanical interactions occur through hydrostatic
pressure and flow effects from the medium to the
cells and from changes in medium viscosity due to
accumulation of cells and of cellular metabolic
products

26. FACTORS IN THE MEDIUM
• Reactions can occur in the medium solution modifying
the form of cell products.
• During the course of cellulars reactions, the broth
temperature, pH, ionic strenght, and rheological
properties may change with time.

27. • Cellullar environment is a multiphase system
• Liquid with dispersed gas bubbles
• Liquid-liquid system in which immiscible liquid phases are
present
• Three phase system with two liquid and one gas phase

28. FEATURES OF CELL POPULATION
• Many independent chemical reactions occur
simultaneously in each cell, subject to a complex
set of internal controls.
• In long term cultivation of a cell population,
spontaneous mutations may accumulate or the
reactor system may impose a selection pressure
which results in a slow drift in the genetic makeup
of the strain.
• Cells of different ages are often characterized by
different types of metabolic functions and
activities.

29. http://www.studiodaily.com/2006/07/cellular-visions-the-inner-life-of-
a-cell/#ooid=pvNWIxMjqDgM2ekFDBz6jy4u1W-i1zji

30. CLASSWORK :
Form teams of 3, disscuss, define,
and write down the next concepts:
 Chemical kinetics
 Mathematical model
 Metabollism (Catabolism and
Anabolism
 Biological Activity
 Cellular Growth
 Genetic Control