Behavior Theory And Depression

Behavior Theory and Depression
I have been intrigued by drugs and biological theory, how the correlation of body, mind works. Researchers that follow the biological theory of
psychology also known as behavioral neuroscience test and gather information on the brain and the effects on the brain. The testing that needs to be
done to determine; what a person is missing, or has too much of, this falls under strict rules of how the tests are preformed and how the information is
gathered. Scientific critical thinking helps to unlock some of these mysteries. This is a huge subject to gather information on so I am focusing on
depression, and the use study of anti–depressants and the possibility of Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) also known as the spirit molecule. The scientific...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I am aware of a test that is done on the spinal fluid from a spinal tap that is collected and tested over a period of time that shows a more reliable result
of brain chemistry over time, compared t the snapshot of other methods.
While researching neurotransmitters I did learn about the stimulant drug Ecstasy, also known as MDMA a class 1 drug which means it has no
medical value and is highly addictive. The way that this works is very interesting. Neurotransmitters work like a lock and key, for each lock there is
only one key to fit the lock, so for serotonin or dopamine, there is only one key that fits that particular lock. When MDMA is introduced into the
brain it fits the serotonin receptor, once it is transported to an axon it does something strange, it allows serotonin to be released back out into the
axon making a surplus of serotonin flooding the axons. This floods the axons with serotonin which in turn makes the user feel euphoria, lowers
inhibitions, relaxation and an increase of awareness in the surroundings. Dr. G Ricaurte at Johns Hopkins University has been investigating the
effects of MDMA in the brain. One of the parameters of his study pool was subjects who had used the drug over 200 times in the last 5 years. The
subject's behavior appeared normal but brain scans showed otherwise. Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan) showed damaged cells where
serotonin is released. The
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Essay What are Hallucinogens and What Happens?
What are hallucinogens? Hallucinogens are a group of drugs. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, hallucinogens are drugs that affect the
neurotransmitters in your brain. In addition to this they talk about how most hallucinogens have nitrogen in them. In Dr. C. George Boeree's article he
writes "Neurotransmitters are the chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses." When a person
takes hallucinogens, or any drug, they interrupt the "signals" that are being sent to the synapses. This can be very harmful to your body and your brain.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse and abovetheinfluence.com verify that LSD (d–lysergic acid diethylamide), Peyote cactus or Mescaline,... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Administrative Office of the Courts lists the long–term effects of hallucinogens. The website says that the long–term effects are "flashbacks weeks,
months, or even years after the drug use," "decreased motivation," "prolonged depression," "impaired memory and concentration," "possible severe
mental disturbances," "psychosis," and "increased delusions." Both the Administrative Office of the Courts, and NSW Government write about
flashbacks, and some of the things that can cause them to happen. They talk about how flashbacks are a lot of times brought on by drug use, or
physical activities. Typically these flashbacks are rather short. They range from about one to two minuets normally. Extreme stress can also cause
people to have flashbacks.
Addiction and recovery process There are four steps that lead to becoming addicted to any drug. The first is trying the

The Significant Role Of Psychedelic Plants In Today's Society
Throughout the evolution of mankind, psychedelic plants have played a significant role in shaping and influencing the different cultures and traditions
around the world. In society today psychedelics have a very negative connotation, they aren't see as something that can further society. They are viewed
as more of a detriment. Children are taught that psychedelic plants are something that can inhibit their growth as a human in society. Most parents put
these plants in the same category of drugs such as methamphetamines, heroine, and cocaine. During the 1960s the drug culture engulfed psychedelics
and turned them into what some people in society see today as a monster. The rave scene that we see today currently is an offshoot of this, with part
goers recreationally using psychedelics to get high or trip for music and art festivals.
Contrary to popular belief a wide variety of psychedelic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peyote, a spineless cactus that grows in clusters on the ground, they have a button sort of shape to them. Natives have used peyote as a natural
medicine for years but they've also used it for metaphysical insight, or the fundamental nature of being, and spiritual introspect. In todays society peyote
is used as a hallucinogen, it contains mescaline a very hallucinogenic compound that is chewed or boiled into tea producing a wide range of effects.
The main issue with peyote is that like with most hallucinogens, the effects felt are completely dependent on the user. Two users taking the same
amount could experience total opposite effects, some users report a deep meditation like trance while others say their anxiety spikes ten fold and the
hallucinations are completely uncontrollable and scary. Mescaline interacts with the brains cognitive centers and

Drugs: Controlled Drugs In The United States
Controlled substances, or harmful drugs, have been an issue to the United States since they began outlawing them. The first outlawed drug was in San
Francisco in 1875, and it prohibited people from smoking opium (dried latex from the opium poppy). Soon after, more drugs came along, and they too
became outlawed by the government. Cocaine, heroin, DMT (Dimethyltryptamine), and marijuana are some of the few substances that have been
outlawed in the United States. However, these banned drugs are making a bigger problem now than before they were outlawed. Not only are they still
being used and sold by several people today, but crime rates related to drugs have been rising steadily. People are becoming more interested in drugs as
they hear about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This puts worriment to the government, and an opportunity loss to increase the nation's national profit. Instead of making many controlled substances
illegal in the states and spending so much on expenditures, the government could start legalizing these controlled substances and save as much as $41.3
billion annually on expenditures dealing with the prohibition on drugs. These savings would be split up with $25.7 billion accumulate towards the state
and local government, while the rest of the savings, $15.6 billion, would be accumulated to the federal government. The legalization would, "yield tax
revenues of $46.7 billion annually, assuming legal drugs were taxed at rates comparable to those on alcohol and tobacco." (Ghosh n.p.). Controlled
substances such as marijuana, cocaine, and heroin would revenue these savings, equaling up to $46.7 billion. Colorado has recently made weed legal,
and the tax revenues have skyrocketed to $129

Hallucinogen Research Paper
Hallucinogen is a title commonly given to drugs that are mind–altering. This category of drug includes those which cause a variety of side–effects,
most commonly temporary distortions to one's view of reality. Hallucinogens are commonly used for recreation, along with in some cultures as
religious practices ("What Is A Hallucinogen?"). The most common hallucinogens are LSD, Psilocybin, Peyote, and DMT. All five of these are
plant–based substances ("Hallucinogens"). They also each fall under the classification of an alkaloid. Alkaloids are commonly found in plants, and
have not been proven to serve any specific purpose among plants. Alkaloids can vary in structure, but always have a nitrogen atom as part of a structure
similar to that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I personally believe that use of hallucinogens has already become fairly socially acceptable. I feel that my generation is very open–minded and is less
likely to condemn others for controversial choices than older generations. I feel that it should be socially acceptable, because everyone makes their
own choices. If someone is choosing to use hallucinogens on their own time for recreation, and they are not hurting anyone else in the process, there
is no reason they should be shamed for that choice. They understand the consequences of their own actions, and can therefore be mature about it and
deal with said consequences. At the same time, those who use hallucinogens as a religious rite, such as some southwestern native american tribes do,
should not be frowned upon. Christians consume wine in church as part of the eucharist. Nobody tells them that because alcohol is harmful to the
human body, they should not do it. Therefore, there is no reason for anyone else to condemn religious groups for using hallucinogens. Everyone has
the capability to make their own choices, whether for recreation or for religious reasons. If no one is forcing a sheet of blotter paper onto one's
tongue or putting peyote in someone else's tea, I see no problem with use of hallucinogens from a social

Essay about Hallucinogen
Hallucinogen
While many drugs speed up or depress the central nervous system, there is a class of drugs that distorts how we feel, hear, see, smell, taste, and think.
Called hallucinogens because users often hallucinate, or experience nonexistent sensations, these drugs are also known as psychedelic, or mind–bending,
drugs.
Some hallucinogens come from natural sources; others are made in laboratories.
Examples of natural hallucinogens are mescaline, psilocybin, DMT, and marijuana.
Mescaline, which has been used by American Indians in religious ceremonies, comes from the peyote cactus. Psilocybin, also used by the Indians and
believed to have supernatural powers, is found in about 20 varieties of mushrooms. Once ingested, psilocybin is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The effects of hallucinogens on the body are unpredictable. They depend on the amount taken and the user's personality, mood, expectations, and
surroundings. Although hallucinogens do not produce a physical addiction, users do develop a tolerance, so that increasing amounts must be taken to
achieve the same effect. Psychological dependence on hallucinogens is well documented.
It appears that each drug carries its own risks. For example, unlike hallucinogens such as LSD and synthetics such as DOM that consist of a single
chemical, marijuana has been found to contain more than 400 separate substances.
These substances are in turn broken down in the body into a great many more chemicals, and the effects of these chemicals on the user are poorly
understood.
It has been found, however, that the most potent of these chemicals are attracted to and accumulate in fatty tissues, including the brain and
reproductive organs.
Studies indicate that frequent marijuana users may experience impaired short– term memory and learning ability and reproductive problems. Other
studies suggest that frequent or chronic marijuana use may contribute to damage of the immune system, increased strain on the heart, delayed puberty,
and chromosome damage. The most pronounced psychological effects induced by hallucinogens are a heightened awareness of colors and patterns
together with a slowed perception of time and a distorted body image. Sensations may seem to "cross over," giving

Substance Abuse Among Adolescents
The abuse of prescription medication by adolescents, alongside their illicit drug usage, remains a prevalent issue in American society. As time
progresses, the adolescent abuse of these drugs has intensified. This persists due to many elements such as social media and social networking sites, as
well as other social–cultural factors. Not only do prescription and illicit drug use constitute a great crisis, but the medium that is used to expose and
distribute these drugs is also a concern. Social media and social networking sites have popularized illicit and prescription drug use through their
flexibility on what is posted and advertised on these web pages. Social media/social networking sites, the predominant sources of entertainment, play a
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), completed in 2015, compared substance abuse in the United States and
Europe. According to Jared Wadley, Senior Public Relations Representative at the University of Michigan, "On average, only 18 percent of the
European students had used an illicit drug in their lifetime, compared to 35 percent of U.S. students the same age. Only the Czech Republic ranked
higher than the U.S. at 37 percent" The negative stigma imposed on illicit drug usage in European culture can explain a few 10th–grade students that
had used an illicit drug in their lifetime compared to the 35% of students in the United

Psychedelic Drugs
Psychedelic drugs have been used by people around the globe for the last few decades. They're known for their abilities to alter perception and invoke
behavioral alterations in people who consume the drugs, such as psilocybin (magic mushrooms), DMT, and Lysergic acid diethylamide(LSD). In 1958
(Moore, Hatada, Dominos) it was found that when consumed by humans, N–N–Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), causes visuals that make up of colorful,
luminous, rapid changing visual illusions and hallucinations. Ingestion of a psychedelic drugs such as DMT influences the cortex, optic lobes, and
thalamus, as well as effecting sleep. A possible explanation for visual hallucination while under the influence of Dimethyltryptamine was presented by a
research conducted in 1979. In mammals, such as cats, N–N–Dimethlytrptamine was studied with respect to the visual system. It was found that DMT
caused a deceased amplitude response evoked by the stimulation of the optic chiasm. The depression of electrically evoked potentials in the visual
system are DMT dose–dependent. The inhibition of the induced potential was recorded at the lateral geniculate nucleus and at the visual cortex.... Show
It is a structurally similar to serotonin and melatonin. There is considerable evidence suggesting that Dimethyltryptamine acts as a non–selective
serotonin agonist (5HT–1A and 5HT–2A). It was seen in the prefrontal cortex of mice that serotonergic hallucinogens interrupt cortical synchrony in
the low frequency range. Mice that were administered DMT experience a reduced serotonin release in the prefrontal cortex via the 5HT 1A receptor.
Another revelation observed was the reduction of low frequency cortical oscillations in somatosensory, auditory, and visual in wildtype mice. DMT
fully prevented the effect of knockout serotonin 2A receptors by the 5HT 1A receptor agonist. (Riga, Bortolozzi, Campa, Artigas, & Celada.

How Does Chaakra Work?
The theory of chakra work has been seen and used in so many different cultures and societies throughout history. The chakras are combinations of
mental focal points and physical places in the human body that allow for a person to experience certain specific meditation practices, an awareness
within the body, and a flow of emotional and physical connections. From the Vijrayna of TibetanBuddhism to modern day western culture, chakras
have been used by people for centuries and have made many, many evolutions and have been adopted by many different practices. However, as with
many things we can't see or prove, many people argue that chakras don't actually exist and that they have more of a placebo effect on the body. This
causes a lot of controversy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is incredible how correct the placement of these mental/emotional chakras are with physical areas in the body responsible for the actual production
of hormones and organs responsible for these emotional reactions, for example, the Ajna chakra, is known as the third eye chakra and is linked to the
pineal gland which is a light sensitive gland that produces the hormone melatonin which regulates sleep and waking up, and is also the production site
of the psychedelic hormone dimethyltryptamine, the only known hallucinogen created in the human body, which makes sense why this chakra is the
chakra responsible for intuition, envisioning, and trusting inner guidance. One school of thought on chakras is, "Every thought and experience you've
ever had in your life gets filtered through these chakra databases. Each event is recorded into your cells...", quoted from Caroline Myss, a medical
intuitive and author, in her book Anatomy of the Spirit. Mediative medicine has proven successful in many ways. The benefits of mediative yoga and
breathing on the body, are seen a multitude of physical ways. We know that if persons mental state is imbalanced that it can take a huge physical toll
out on that person. Western society has accepted beliefs similar to chakra beliefs in the past: Chinese acupuncture, therapeutic touch, etc. All of which
are based in the same

The Psychedelic Movement
The era of the 60's was an embryonic, prominent, and distinctive era by planting the seed of idealistic values to future generations ahead. When we
think of the era of the 60's we imagine hippies uprising the conventional values of American culture, ingestion of hallucinatory drugs, massive music
festivals, and creative bohemian fashion. A massively important factor to the embodiment of the 60's social movement was the creation of the
Psychedelic movement. Through the accidental discovery of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in 1938 by Albert Hoffman, a Sandoz Pharmaceutical
chemist, began the wave of a societal movement of Psychedelic exploration. (Grof 17). This powerful substance was distributed to psychiatrists by the
United States Government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research of Psychedelic studies have been around the 60's and have been tested in the medical field with individuals that have had negative
psychological issues, ranging from addiction solving to patients with the anxiety of mortality by facilitating a spiritual experience. According to Dr.
Stanislav Grof, "they initially gave LSD to alcoholic patients with the intention of deterring them further drinking by the horrors of a simulated
delirium tremens. Paradoxically, however, it seemed to be the profound positive experiences in LSD sessions that were correlated with good
therapeutic results." (Grof 32). To elaborate, research shows that Lysergic Acid
–25 had a positive influence on individuals with addiction to alcohol.
This shows that individuals with Addiction to alcohol and other substances have a potential for better wellbeing with the use of Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide, in a therapeutic environment. As for the spiritual aspect of Psychedelic substances, "They speak about cosmic unity, unio mystica,
mysterium, tremendum, cosmic consciousness, union with God, Atman–Braham union, Samadhi, satori, moksha, or the harmony of the spheres.
Occasionally, patients even receive direct advice and guidance as to how they can

Illegal Drugs
Illegal drugs Illegal drugs are drugs which have controls on them by a government and are illegal in certain situations (a person is not allowed to
have them). A drug is any chemical designed to affect the human body. A psychoactive drug is a drug that affects the brain. Some controlled drugs are
allowed if you have permission (called a "prescription") from a doctor. Other drugs are illegal – meaning you are never allowed to have them.
Individual countries and places have different laws about different drugs, and there are also international treaties against some drugs. The most used
drugs are not illegal. Page 1 Drug Abuse Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user
consumes the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research has also shown that the risk of drug use increases significantly when teens use substances to deal with stress or boredom. In a CASA survey,
high–stress teens were twice as likely to use drugs as low–stress teens, and often–bored teens were 50 percent likelier to use drugs than other kids.
Page 3 Diff. Forms of drugs Injections In injections, active ingredients are dissolved in a liquid and then injected. A drug is often injected into a
vein (intravenous administration) if it is to have as fast an effect as possible, for instance in an emergency. Suppositories Some medications can be
inserted into the anus (rectally) as a suppository. They may contain active ingredients that are meant to have a local effect. Drops, ointments and
sprays for the eyes, ears and nose Some medications come in the form of drops. These can be applied, for example, directly to the eye or ear to
treat things like eye or ear infections. Ear drops should not be too cold when applied because they might cause pain or dizziness otherwise. There are
also eye ointments and gels that are applied to the inside of the lower eyelid. It is especially important to keep eye medications germ–free. Inhalants
Medications that are breathed in (inhaled) can be a good idea if they are to have an effect directly in the lungs. Many asthma medications are available
as sprays that are inhaled, for example. Because the lungs

Chemistry of LSD and Route of Access Essay
Chemistry of LSD and Route of Access
Classification
Pharmacologically, the commonly abused hallucinogenic substances may be divided into two major groups. The indolealkylamines, including
d–lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) bear a structural resemblance to the neurotransmitter
5–hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). The phenylethylamines, including mescaline and the phenylisopropylamines such as 2,
5–dimethoxy–4–methylamphetamine
(DOM, "STP"), are structurally related to dopamine, norepinephrine, and the amphetamines (Gelenberg, Bassuk,
Schoonover 1991).
Doses
Usual doses range from about 25 micrograms to more than 300 micrograms. LSD is known to posses a low level of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The plasma half–life of LSD is 2 to 3 hrs. It is metabolized into nonhallucinogenic substances, primarily by conjugation of the liver (Gelenberg,
Bassuk, Schoonover 1991). Within the brain, the highest levels of LSD are in the visual system, especially within a part called the lateral geniculate
nucleus, or LGN. LSD decreases the response of the LGN, which acts a visual relay center. The LGN receives nerve impulses from the retina and
sends them to the occipital cortex of the brain, an area also known as the visual cortex. LSD acts to decrease the responsiveness of the LGN to signals
from the retina. How this effects the production of visual hallucinations is unclear
LSD is also concentrated highly in parts of the limbic system.
The limbic system is dedicated to regulating emotion, aggression, docility, and memory.
Also, LSD concentrates in areas of the reticular formation. The reticular formation mediates the level of arousal and alertness in the brain. It begins in
the medulla, and runs up through the brain stem into the forebrain. The textbook authors call it "the volume dial of consciousness" (Strang, 2004).

Because of its extreme potency, only minuscule amounts can be detected in urine. Thus, conventional urine–screening tests are inadequate to detect
LSD. When the use of LSD is suspected, urine is

Hobosh Dog Thesis
PROJECT
DRUGS: THAT IMPACT ON HUMAN LIFE
PROFESSOR
Joseph Grandinetti
EBM502
PROJECT BY
SANTHOSH KUMAR KODEM
Table of content
Abstract––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––3
Introduction ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––4
Conclusion––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––16
References–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––17
ABSTRACT
Drug dependence is an intense devil that can sneak up on you and assume control over your life before you know it has even happened. What began
as only a recreational way of life has defeated your life and influenced each and every part of it. You don't need to be made up for lost time in the web
of medication dependence. There are such a large number of things you can do ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is also a big reason why smoked dmt is so short in duration is because the molecule used up by the body very quickly relative to similar
psychoactive, because our bodies are used to handling it. And this is also why it is rather safe and no cases of brain damage have been reported in any
scientific literature that swim has ever read.DMT is quite special because it is so similar to our other neurotransmitter, it has the most intense
psychedelic effects but also the shortest–acting. SWIM is aware of difficult experiences that were left uninterrupted into a person normal waking life
based off what was encountered on that person trip, but SWIN has never found anything to suggest it can cause was encountered on that person trip, but
SWIN has never found anything to suggest it can cause any sort of neuronal

Budhism and The Seven Chakras Essay
Thesis Statement: For eons, humanity has tried to unlock a pathway into a state of elevated existence. People have never been able to experience the
afterlife without dying, and it has been wondered if there is anything on this earth that can connect us with the creator of this multiverse. Through
thousands of years, and countless ancient tribal practices, there has been hidden from the majority of those who populate the Earth, a key which
unlocks an experience like none other; literally transcending the confines of the human psyche as it is in our physical bodies. This door to another
dimension is a substance known by scientific communities as Dimethyltryptamine, or simply, DMT. I– What is DMT? A. Dimethyltryptamine... Show
Through thousands of years, and countless ancient tribal practices, there has been hidden from the majority of those who populate the Earth, a key
which unlocks an experience like none other; literally transcending the confines of the human psyche as it is in our physical bodies. This door to
another dimension is a substance known by scientific communities as Dimethyltryptamine, or simply, DMT. Dimethyltryptamine is a very simple
structure, similar to that of Serotonin, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and many other naturally occurring chemicals in the brain that cause us to act like
we do. The substance's actual name is 2–(1H–indol–3–yl)–N,N–dimethylethanamine, and presents itself as an organic compound that is structurally
analogous to Serotonin, and comes in the form of a crystalline solid. "Wikipedia". DMT is a very peculiar molecule that ebbs and flows through nature
as a communicating device between all living things, both in this dimension of manifestation, and others that we cannot perceive. Dimethyltryptamine
is hard–wired into the human brain and is excreted by the Pineal Gland (Located in the center of the brain). DMT is oddly enough excreted by the
eustress of taking our first breath into this thing we regard as life. DMT is the substance which sparks the consciousness and the ability to learn. It also
controls how we

Psilocybin Research Papers
Hallucinogens are a type of drug that cause hallucinations
Hallucinogens can be found in some plants and mushrooms or can be man made, and they are commonly divided into two categories: classic
hallucinogens (such as LSD) and dissociative drugs (such as PCP).
Psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, and Salvia divinorum are commonly used research suggests that they work at least partially by temporarily disrupting
communication between neurotransmitter systems throughout the brain and spinal cord that regulate mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body
temperature, sexual behavior, and muscle control.
LSD (d–lysergic acid diethylamide)–also known as acid, blotter, doses, hits, microdots, sugar cubes, trips, tabs, or window panes–is one of the most
potent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Psilocybin(4–phosphoryloxy–N,N–dimethyltryptamine)–also known as magic mushrooms, shrooms, boomers, or little smoke–is extracted from certain
types of mushrooms found in tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Mexico, and the United States.
Psilocybin can either be dried or fresh and eaten raw, mixed with food, or brewed into a tea, and produces similar effects to LSD.
Peyote (Mescaline)–also known as buttons, cactus, and mesc–is a small, spineless cactus with mescaline as its main ingredient.
The top, or "crown," of the peyote cactus has disc–shaped buttons that are cut out, dried, and usually chewed or soaked in water to produce an
intoxicating liquid. Because the extract is so bitter, some users prepare a tea by boiling the plant for several hours.
DMT (Dimethyltryptamine)–also known as Dimitri–is a powerful hallucinogenic chemical found naturally occurring in some Amazonian plant species
and also synthesized in the laboratory.
Ayahuasca–also known as hoasca, aya, and yagГ©–is a hallucinogenic brew made from one of several Amazonian plants containing DMT (the primary
psychoactive ingredient) along with a vine containing a natural alkaloid that prevents the normal breakdown of DMT in the digestive

Ayahuasca Substance Abuse
Summary
In 2011, a preliminary–though not well–conducted–study of ayahuasca–assisted treatment for drug abuse was conducted in Canada. As part of the
study, twelve subjects with addictions to alcohol, cocaine, tobacco, cannabis, opiates, and other drugs participated in several days of group therapy and
two ayahuasca treatments. Data concerning psychological and behavioral conditions were collected through a series of surveys both before and after
the completion of the study. The categories being assessed were comprised of mindfulness, empowerment, emotional regulation, hopefulness, and
quality of life. The measures were then calculated by using ANOVA, or analysis of variance, which is a statistical model used in order to analyze the
differences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First described academically during the 1950s by Harvard ethnobotanist Richard Schultes, ayahuasca is derived from the Brazilian Banisteriopsis caapi
and Psychotria viridis. The resulting brew is highly concentrated with a compound known as dimethyltryptamine (DMT) which causes vivid,
dream–like hallucinations (3). DMT is found endogenously in many organisms, with small amounts present in the pineal gland of mice and perhaps
that of humans. However, because of a family of enzymes in the liver known as monoamine oxidases, ingestion of DMT–containing substances has no
effect on humans as the compound is quickly broken down. It is for this reason that the ayahuasca brew must be made with the specific species of
plants. By boiling the plants for several hours, alkaloids which act as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are released. This inhibits the enzymes
from breaking down the DMT and allows the substance to cross the blood brain barrier

Psilocybin Research Paper
In the midst of this, people are turning to a special compound that stands out from the toxic, ineffective, and costly traditional treatment of serious
ailments. Today people are using psilocybin as a form of treatment because it is free, natural, safe, and effective in it's application to battle and cure
many serious illnesses and psychological disorders.
In 1958, Albert Hoffman, the famous scientist to first isolate lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD, took on the feat of isolating psilocybin, a compound
found in mushrooms ingested in spiritual rituals in Oaxaca, Mexico. There are over 200 mushrooms with the compound called psilocybin,
4–phosphoryloxy– N,N –dimethyltryptamine, commonly known as "magic mushrooms". In early history around the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Anxiety and depression give into the power of the potent psilocybin. Emerging studies show the incredible therapeutic experience of psilocybin with
sustained treatment. In a study at the New York University, in a study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression, one patient described the
experience saying, "Magic mushrooms trump Xanax resoundingly. Rather than getting rid of one's anxiety, Xanax just numbs it until the medication's
effects wear off. At that point another pill is required. In his words "you're not taking it and it solves your problem. You take it and you solve your
problem yourself." Prescription drugs often exacerbate one's condition or manifest an addiction to the drug prescribed. These drugs are costly and toxic
to the body; psilocybin is free and is proving to be unhazardous to health in recent studies. (Westlund

Exploring And Identifying Consciousness Through...
Dissertation
Exploring and identifying consciousness through observation and understanding the movement of naturally occurring elements using scientific
explanation alongside artistic and philosophical exploration to determine the nature of consciousness within all life forms and matter and whether
possible definition could reside in a combination of these separate disciplines?
Introduction
I believe understanding consciousness and giving it a platform to stand without disproval or being discredited is crucial for the development of our
society and understanding our relationship to one another. I want to explore and identify consciousness through observation and understanding of
naturally occurring elements. I will use scientific and artistic explanation alongside philosophy and exploration of the use of psychedelic drugs to try
and determine the nature of consciousness and whether matter is in fact conscious and if our own consciousness is capable of extending past the
impermanence of our flesh.
The nature of human consciousness is ever debatable, questionable and somewhat unexplainable. We continuously make conscious decisions without
recognition for how we as a species are capable of doing so, it is understood by materialistic science that our consciousness is a product of our brain
activity and nothing more however there is an abundance of research that suggests this may not be the case and our conscious mind extends into our
environment ultimately connecting us to

Hallucinogens
Examining the effective usage of hallucinogens in psychiatric research, its effectiveness in therapy and the risks associated with uncontrolled usage of
hallucinogens.
Chantell Meltz
College of Science Technology and Applied Arts of Trinidad and Tobago
A drug according to Levinthal, (2012) is a chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some
way. Hallucinogen is a class of drugs which affects an individual's perception, sensation, and emotions by disrupting the regular operation of certain
neurotransmitters in the brain. While the use of Hallucinogens a form of therapy is a controversial topic and it does have it merits this paper examines
the use of hallucinogens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to note that from the tens of thousands of doses of LSD and other classical compounds such as mescaline which has been conducted
under medical administration, a general fact about these drugs have emerge which posits that the drugs are not addictive but is self–limiting meaning
that if taken three days in a row it will no longer produce a psychic effect (Buckley, 1966). Studies on LSD have revealed that it causes no organic
changes to the brain or any permanent changes in brain activity.
One must keep in mind that hallucinogens is classified as a schedule I drug in the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, which is reserved for drugs
with a great potential for abuse, a lack of established safety even under medical supervision and no known use in medical treatment. This classification
of hallucinogens as a schedule 1 drug has however not deterred the use of hallucinogens in psychiatric therapy and psychiatric research in the United
States and around the world.
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) another natural Psychedelic compound found in a wide variety of plants however the amount of alkaloid in the plants
varies depending on the type of plant and the condition in which was grown and cultivated. DMT has been used since the 1990's in many
pharmacological studies at the University of Miami in research related to

Drug Trafficking : The United States
How is Drug Trafficking Affecting Society in the United States?
Drug trafficking is a major problem in the United States. When this trade reaches third world countries, it usually spreads incredibly fast and law
enforcement is more easily corrupted. It is the illegal trade involving cultivation, manufacture, distribution, and the sale of substances which are illegal
under the law. The drug trade is estimated to bring in more than $100 billion every year from the U.S. The number of global deaths each year due to
illegal drugs is over 200,000.
Drug Trafficking has been a big problem in the United States along with many other countries for over a decade. In the United States, opium was
widely used after the Civil War to help the soldiers stay up for nights on end, and recreational or "what they thought was medicinal" cocaine followed
around the 1880's. Eventually more drugs such as morphine and heroin were discovered and used for "medicinal purposes". On top of this, Coca–Cola
was brought about, with one of the active ingredients being cocaine. The new century brought a wide knowledge to people and exposed the potential
of addiction. In 1914 the Harrison Narcotics Act was the first federal drug policy in the United States. It restricted people from manufacturing or
selling marijuana, cocaine, heroine, and morphine. This brought a lot of trouble for physicians because they were prescribing these drugs to addicts
for so called "rehabilitation", and from 1915 to 1938 more than

Effects Of Shrooms On The Brain
Pedro Cervantes Jerusalem Miramontes Melissa Rendon Mr. Chang Chemistry B 29 May 2018 Research Topic: The Effects of LSD, DMT, and
Shrooms on the Brain The purpose of this research paper is to examine the different effects of different types of hallucinogenic drugs on the human
brain. The paper will focus specifically on LSD, DMT, and Shrooms as they are amongst the strongest types of drugs in their category. The chemical
structure of the different drugs and the way they alters chemicals in the brain will be examined as well. This topic is worth investigating because if
you or anyone you know is interested in trying LSD, DMT, and Shrooms, it is important to know the effects they will have on your brain if you are
unaware or don't... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the hallucinations caused by the drug are short, the effect is almost instant. DMT is passing through three barriers with the help of three
different active transport mechanisms to be compartmentalized and stored within the brain.With this process, high intracellular and vesicular
concentrations of DMT can be achieved within neurons. The outlined stages of uptake reveal that considerable physiological effort is exerted for
the accumulation and storage of DMT and suggest that it has vital importance, since only a few compounds such as glucose and amino acids are
known to be treated with similar priority. These extensive specialized processes would not have evolved to target a toxic compound or merely
because of the psychedelic effects of DMT. DMT is a powerful and psychologically dangerous drug because the trip is so strong for such a short
amount of time the user can actually lose sense of reality and experience seeing aliens or beings from another

Marisol By Jose Rivera Character Analysis
The key to unlocking and understanding Marisol by Jose Rivera is in recognizing and examining the 3 different worlds Marisol works her way
through over the course of the play. The main character, Marisol Perez, dies in the very first scene and spends the rest of the play trying to pass onto
her impending afterlife. Additionally, Marisol is a play about Puerto Rican culture and religion and how it affects not only the life of an individual, but
also the death of our main character.
Marisol is a young, assimilated hispanic woman in 1990's New York who works a white collar job in Manhattan and lives in the Bronx. She doesn't have
family or loved ones living close to her except her friend and colleague, June. One night she has an unfortunate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This world is fueled by the last bit of brain activity she has left before she is fully deceased, and is influenced by the last few moments of her life.
The human brain has roughly 7 minutes of activity after the heart stops beating. What isn't as commonly known is in the 1990's (when Marisol was
produced) studies were beginning to come out involving dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a powerful hallucinogenic drug naturally released by the pineal
gland upon death (QWIZX, 2013). Studies have suggested this to be the cause of 'visions' seen in near–death experiences. However, in a similar way
that we don't all have the same dreams, it's peculiar that people would hallucinate the same things when exposed to this drug. Consequently, it is
believed that people see what they expect to see when under the influence of DMT. This includes reported experiences of 'seeing the light', seeing life
flash before the eyes, or meeting God, but in Marisol's case, she hallucinates an encounter with an Angel due to the power of suggestion. The character
Golf Club had just described his 'encounter' of meeting an angel in great detail (silver wings, leather jacket) followed by informing Marisol that she
would experience the same thing immediately before her death. Enough of her believed what he was saying to expect this experience, causing her

Controlled Substance Act Of 1986 Essay
The Current Controlled Substance Act of 1986 and How to Improve It
Last summer two men in Hunt county Texas were arrested for selling synthetic drugs reported by the Herald Banner. The lab reports returned "the
substance was not illegal at the time of the offense". This is not an isolated case but a continuing dilemma for law makers, enforcers and prosecutors
against the makers and distributors of designer drugs. (1) Creating a 'War on Drugs' is not a solution. Due to the simplicity of manipulating a product
on the banned substance list, chemical change formulations outpace efforts to impose control. (Stock, S. Web) This is why The Analog Act of1986
containing the Controlled Substance List I & II is
ineffective and needs to be modified.
A designer or synthetic drug, also known as new psychoactive substances (NPS) or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and diethyltryptamine (DET) are both on the Controlled Substance I List of the Analogue Act. The drug
alphaethyltryptamine (AET) is not on the Controlled Substance List. To understand the statement 'substantially similar', the Case law study USA v.
Damon S. Forbes is introduced. It was alleged that AET was 'substantially similar' to DMT and DET which are on the Controlled Substance I List and
both have psychedelic attributes. The question for the chemists to debate and the courts to decide; "Is the drug alpha ethyl tryptamine (AET)
substantially similar to di–methyl tryptamine (DMT) and/or die–thyl tryptamine (DET)?." This question directly challenges the definition of 'what is
substantially similar' as stated in the Analogue Act. The chemicals AET, MET and DHT in their chemical composition are laid out below. The
substances look very similar to the non–chemist, but, by using scientific terminology and chemistry the courts ruled AET is not similar although it
does have psychedelic

Essay On Psilocybin
I chose psilocybin or hallucinogenic drugs because their strange effects are interesting. Plus I would like to know what I might be doing to my body, if
I try it one day. Hallucinogenic drugs have been around since the beginning of time. It's used in an attempt seek spiritual enlightenment. During modern
time hallucinogenic drugs are a scheduled one drug. However, they may improve mental health in several different ways, from people with mental
illness to helping people overcome addiction. Also the drug can improve lives of people who suffer from depression. The use of psilocybin can be
beneficial to society in a sense. Psilocybin has spiritual, mental, and medical benefits. The spiritual benefits of psilocybin or hallucinogenic drugs when
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But "spiritual experiences are rare but highly significant phenomena of consciousness, which have the capacity to promote sustained well–being and
resilience (Maselko and Kubzansky 2006; Southwick and Chamey 2012)" (Kometer 1). From the study that was taken the subjects of the test were
not all void of a spiritually enlightening experience. With one third or one half of the subjects having said that they had a spiritual experience. So
even though it is seen as being a rare thing it still happens. Even though there is a myth that everyone has heard of mostly everyone who takes this
drug has a spiritual experience, pop culture might have altered the numbers a little bit. The study was to find the factor or discover them by looking at
the brain and seeing the function while the drugs. With all studies on drugs the dosage of psilocybin is important to note. With higher dose the people
had long term results, with a follow–up nearly a year later showing that the people still clam the experience from psilocybin as having a strong impact
on their life. Another factor to this study of psilocybin as a spiritual drug is taking the drug with eyes–closed and eyes–open. From the study people
showed different areas of the brain being effected by the drug. So the study had 50 people take

Hallucinogens as Medicine Essay example
Hallucinogens as Medicine1
Hallucinogens as Medicine
Melody Gambino
Psychology 101
Hallucinogens as Medicine 2
Abstract
The article discusses research on the use of hallucinogens for medical therapies applicable to cancer, drug addiction, and psychological problems.
Studies being undertaken at Johns Hopkins University are discussed. Johns Hopkins' research on hallucinogens includes assessment of the drug's
psychospiritual effects among volunteers and its use in easing psychiatric and behavioral disorders in those so affected.
Hallucinogens as Medicine 3 A new wave study on hallucinogens, and other mind–altering substances, was organized to address whether these ... Show
Griffiths at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, had volunteered to be a subject to one of the first studies of hallucinogenic drugs in the
United States.
Hallucinogens as Medicine 4
Furthermore, she first completed questionnaires, chatted with the monitors, and settled down in a comfortable space where the session took place.
After taking a capsule of the concentrated hallucinogen psilocybin, she then reclined in a comfortable chair, with eyeshades, and headphones that were
playing classical music to further endure that she was to have a comfortable experience. At the end of the session, after the psilocybin effects worn off,
she completed more questionnaires. Similar to all the other 35 participants, her responses indicated that during the time spent in the session room she
had gone through a "profound mystical–like experience similar to those reported by spiritual seekers in many cultures and across the ages––one
characterized by a sense of interconnectedness with all people and things, accompanied by the feeling of transcending time and space, and of
sacredness and joy." A year later, as a follow up research, Andy regarded it as "the most personally meaningful and spiritually significant event of her
life". She felt it had "brought on positive changes in her moods, attitudes and behaviors, as well as a noticeable increase in overall life satisfaction".
But on the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Indole Pyrrole
Introduction:
Indole or benzo (b) pyrrole is one of planar aromatic heterocyclic organic compounds. It is formula is C8H7N it has a bicyclic structure composed of
a six membered benzene ring fused to a five membered nitrogen containing pyrrole ring. Indole can be produced by many types of bacteria. Indole
appeared as a white solid with a jasmine like odor. The chemistry of Indole began in the mid of the 19th century. In some years past, bacterial infection
has increased rapidly causing many diseases. Heterocyclic compounds which contain nitrogen atom was described against many types of
micro–organisms due to their biological activity. Some indole derivatives such as alkaloids are considered one of the rapidly growing group which
showing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Synthesis of 5a–c:
2–(4– bromophenyl) 1–H– Indole – 3 – ylmethylene) hydrozine 5a:
This compound has a color of orange crystals. It was prepared from hydrazine hydrate for 1h.
2–(4– bromophenyl) 1–H – Indole – 3– ylmethylene) –2– phenyl hydrazine 5b:
This compond has pale brown color. It was prepared from phenyl hydrazine for 4h.
2–(2(4– bromophenyl) 1–H – Indole – 3– ylmethylene) hydrazine 1,3– benzothiazol 5c:
It is a pale yellow crystals. It was prepared from 2– hydrazinyl – 1,3– benzothiazole for 4h.
Uses of indole derivatives:
1. Treatment of some types of tumor cells like, leukemia, cancer of liver, lung, breast and prostate due to their antiproliferative properties.
2. They have anti– oxidant, anti– microbial, anti– HIV, anti– rheumatoidal and anti– convulsant effect. They also used as analgesic, antipyretic and
anthelmintic cardiovascular.
3. They are used in diseases mangement. For example, the non– steroidal anti–inflammatory drug indomethacin and the beta blocker pindolol are used
for management of high blood pressure. The psychedelic, dimethyltryptamine and DIM are used for estrogens for men and women.
4. Indole – 3– butyric acid: is an acid which found in the urine of the human. It is used in the a skin disease and to accelerated glucose uptake in the
diaphragm of the

Gland Research Papers
Pineal Gland Research Paper
Staysha Baggett
English 12A
Mrs. Gott–Helton
A common question you may hear is "what is the third eye?". The "third eye" is also known as your pineal gland, which can be located in the midline
of one's brain. University of Michigan professor of physiology and neurology Jimo Borjigin said, "Numerous molecules are found in the pineal, many
of which are uniquely found at night, and we do not have a good idea of what their functions are. The only function that is established beyond doubt is
the melatonin synthesis and secretion at night, which is controlled by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and modulated by light. All else
is speculative." The pineal gland is located in the direct center of the human brain, it is a pea sized gland, with a form similar to a pinus ( ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although, calcification of your pineal gland is a different story. Researchers think that the Pineal gland has the ability to connect us to other dimensions
such as the dream world, spiritual realms l'ike deep meditation and astral travel, near death experiences through the release of DMT.
Dimethyltryptamine is know as a psychedelic compound of the tryptamine family. Your pineal gland is most likely to become more calcified once you
are an adult, but has been found in children as young as 2 with 40% estimates of americans experiencing heavy calcification symptoms by the time they
are 17. Constant exposure to substances like fluoride cause your pineal gland to calcify. (Hydroxyapatite crystals) calcified parts of the gland contain
the highest fluoride concentrations in the human body, other than your bones and teeth. Improved sleep and mental health, more vivid dreams and
lucid dreams, astral projection becomes possible, improved immune system, weight maintenance, migraine reduction, and increased imagination and
creativity are all benefits of

The Report On The Amazon Basin
In the Amazon Basin, an amazing plant called Ayahuasca, which is an entheogenic brew made out of Banisteriopsis caapi vine, and often in
combination with various other plants. The word "Ayahuasca", from the Quechua language, means "vine of the souls". [1] For centuries, Amazonian
shamans have used Ayahuascaas a window into the soul. The main reason it can change human brain and consciousness is that the plant contains a
substance called DMT. N,N–dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an illegal, psychedelic tryptamine compound found in the human body and at least 60
species of plants worldwide. [2] Rick Strassman described it as "the first endogenous human psychedelic" in his book DMT: The Spirit Molecule. [3]
And in an interview in 2011, he said ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
McKenna (who, "more than anyone," Dr. Strassman wrote in 2000, "has raised awareness of DMT, through lectures, books, interviews, and
recordings, to its present unprecedented level") [3] called DMT "the most powerful hallucinogen known to man and science" and "the commonest
hallucinogen in all of nature" in his 1994 lecture "Rap Dancing Into the Third Millennium." [6] McKenna wondered why theology had not enshrined
DMT as "its central exhibit for the presence of the other in the human world," and said in an interview in The Archaic Revival (1992): "It was really
the DMT that empowered my commitment to the psychedelic experience. DMT was so much more powerful, so much more alien, raising all kinds of
issues about what is reality, what is language, what is the self, what is three–dimensional space and time." [5] Besides, Stephen Szara had also reported
hallucinations of strange creatures in his article Dimethyltryptamine Experiments with Psychotics. He described how one of his subjects under the
influence of DMT had experienced "strange creatures, dwarves or something" at the beginning of a DMT trip. [7][8] Other researchers of the
experience described 'entities ' or 'beings ' in humanoid as well as animal form, with descriptions of "little people" being common. This form of
hallucination has been speculated to be the cause of alien abduction experiences through endogenously occurring DMT. [9]
From the review of Dr. Strassman's research from 1955 to 2010, it says that

Iboga Research Paper
1. The Iboga plant is a hallucinogen whose potency goes hand in hand with the psychic experiences that follow its ingestion and are the foundation of
the Bwitist creed. According to the Bwitist, the Pygmies in the interior of the jungle first discovered the hallucinogenic properties of the Iboga. It is
utilized during the initiation rites and in their night communal masses which substitutes the host of the Catholic mass. 2. The role of the drums in
African mysticism is of great importance including that of inspiration, ceremony (birth, death, or marriage), as well as the spirituality of the life in
Western Culture. The most known drum is the Djembe drum that is what influenced all the African drums. It was created as a sacred drum to be

Enter The Void Essay
Enter The Void (2010) is a film about a young man, Oscar who lives with his sister in Tokyo, Japan. He is shot dead by police whilst taking
hallucinogenic drugs and becomes trapped in an intermediate state of existence; his soul drifting high above the streets of the red–light district of
Tokyo watching over his now completely alone sister on a hallucinatory journey, intoxicated, neon–lit with daring aesthetics that have to be seen to be
believed. Gasper NoГ© is a director who is never afraid of unnerving or even scaring his audience, love him or hate him he is relentlessly battling to
push the boundaries of the medium.
Eight years before Enter the Void, Gasper NoГ©'s titles for Irreversible (2002) were equally puissant and dynamic. The colossal... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It perfectly encapsulates the essence of the film, Kirlian photography is sometimes known as 'aura photography'. Today self–professed "medical
intuitivists" or 'psychics' believe that by using the Kirlian technique you can study a person's energy field or aura that exists outside the body. When a
high voltage, high–frequency electrical discharge is applied across a grounded object. It shows a fuzzy glow around the object. Much like the effects
of DMT. Enter the Void is shot entirely through the eyes of Oscar, we see everything through his eyes and when he smokes DMT we share his vision.
In a sense the title sequence is preparing the audience for their DMT fuelled journey through kaleidoscopic Tokyo. DMT(Dimethyltryptamine) is also
the chemical released at death and is responsible for our dreams producing an energy and spiritual interactions sending the person into an eternal trance;
somewhat like an infinite dream that is ultimately a lucid fantasy. The title sequence encapsulates this by applying the same effect to the words in the
title sequence so the audience has no choice but to 'Enter the

Dmt Counter Culture
Throughout history the access to the metaphysical world has been of interest for a variety of cultures and religions across the world. Over the years,
men have claimed to have travelled to or seen a of glimpse of the spirit world. It has been evident that in many cultures the use of herbs and other
organic substance has assisted in this journey through the metaphysical world. The psychedelic experiences of many of these substances are what have
been given these individuals experiences that are beyond reality, possible due to hallucinations. Most recently psychedelics have been strongly
associated with the counter culture of the 60's. However, the evidence of psychedelic use dates back to many ancient societies. The psychedelic
compound, DMT,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This concoction was brewed to create what the indigenous people of the amazon call ayahuasca. Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic beverage used by
indigenous communities in South America for spiritual, religious, as well as medicinal purposes (Grob et al., 1996). This beverage is prepared by
brewing the bark of the caapi plant and leaves of the Psychotria viridis plants. It is the leaves of the Psychotria viridis plants that contain the
psychoactive DMT. The caapi plant contains beta–carboline alkaloids that act as a monoamine oxidase, thus inhibiting the rapid breakdown of DMT.
As a result, the hallucinogenic effects of the DMT are experienced at a longer duration and hallucinations tend to be more intense (McKenna, 2004). It
is these hallucinogenic effects that link this drug to religious and spiritual experiences, which is why the beverage has been used in plenty customs of
the Amazonian and Mestizo people. They viewed this drug as a gateway to

The Spirit Molecule (DMT): An Endogenous Psychoactive Essay
The Spirit Molecule (DMT): An Endogenous Psychoactive
"The feeling of doing DMT is as though one had been struck by noetic lightning. The ordinary world is almost instantaneously replaced, not only with a
hallucination, but a hallucination whose alien character is its utter alienness. Nothing in this world can prepare one for the impressions that fill your
mind when you enter the DMT sensorium."– McKenna.
N,N–dimethyltryptamine(DMT) is a psychoactive chemical in the tryptamine family, which causes intense visuals and strong psychedelic mental
affects when smoked, injected, snorted, or when swallowed orally (with an MAOI such as haramaline). DMT was first synthesized in 1931, and
demonstrated to be hallucinogenic in 1956. It ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DMT leads us to an acceptance of the coexistence of opposites, such as life and death, good and evil; a knowledge that consciousness continues after
death; a deep understanding of the basic unity of all phenomena; and a sense of wisdom or love pervading all existence. The smoked DMT experience
is short, but generally incredibly intense. Onset is fast and furious, and thus the term "mind–blowing" was used to describe the effect. It is a fully
engaging and enveloping experience of visions and visuals, which vary greatly from one individual to the next. Users report visiting other worlds,
talking with alien entities, profound changes in ontological perspective, fanciful dreamscapes, frightening and overwhelming forces, complete shifts in
perception and identity followed by an abrupt return to baseline. "The effect can be like instant transportation to another universe for a timeless
sojourn" (Alan Watts).
The physical and psychological effects of DMT include a powerful rushing sensation, intense open eye visuals, radical perspective shifting, stomach
discomfort, overwhelming fear, color changes and auditory hallucination (buzzing sounds). One of the primary physical problems encountered with
smoked DMT is the harsh nature of

The Effects Of Psychedelics
In the 1950s and 60s research into the potential of psychedelic drugs to treat illnesses began but was unfortunately stopped in the 70s due to legal
opposition from governments and regulatory bodies. It has only been in very recent years that laws and attitudes regarding psychedelics have changed
enough to allow for research to resume. During this time, evidence has been found to suggest that there is an unlocked potential of psychedelics to
lower rates of mental illness in many sufferers; treating depression, PTSD, OCD and several anxiety disorders. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), psilocybin
and mescaline are all naturally occurring psychedelics that act on the human serotonin system and have been found to significantly reduce rates of...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In humans, DMT is thought to be produced by the lungs (Mandel et al., 1972) and by the pineal gland (Cozzi et al., 2011), where it also acts to
influence mood, perception and thought. DMT is synthesized from the enzymatic conversion of L–tryptophan, which is produced endogenously in
plants and is an essential amino acid in animals, to tryptamine, which is then converted to N–methyltryptamine, the final precursor for
N,N–Dimethyltryptamine (Axelrod, 1961). DMT non–selectively binds to 5–HT serotonin receptors acting as an agonist or antagonist predominantly
in the prefrontal cortex (Strassman, 1996), an area of the brain responsible for mood and emotional processing (Yang and Raine, 2009). As previously
mentioned, it's been observed that depressed patients have reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex (Gibb, 2012), so activating this area as well as
bringing further release of serotonin is what's thought to treat the depression and increase connections between emotions, actions and thoughts. The
psychological benefits gained from this can be profound for some individuals as DMT often promotes the development of personal insights and
self–knowledge. DMT can be taken externally via inhalation, injection or oral ingestion in which it is more commonly known as ayahuasca, a
traditional brew used by many cultures throughout history in cultural and spiritual practices (OsГіrio et al., 2015). With regular consumption

Describe The Causes Of Tom's Anxiety
According to Csiernik, "Psychoactive drugs work by altering an individual's mental processes, including cognition, and affect through decreasing,
increasing, disrupting or balancing central nervous system activity" (Csiernik, 2014). In addition, "This is turn produces changes in mood, perception,
sensation, need, consciousness and other psychological functions and ultimately changes in behaviors" (Csiernik, 2014). There are a number of
substances that can be the cause of Toms 'increased feelings of anxiety, being watched by others, his trouble sleeping, difficulty concentrating, his
irritable and restlessness and feeling tense. Paranoia is associated with both intoxication and withdrawal effects of several drugs. Tom's anxiety may be
caused

Dmt Research Papers
People can immediately jump to conclusions when they hear the word drugs. Most conclusions are going to be bad ones. The exact definition of drug
is "A substance used as medicine". Some drugs like Medical Marijuana, Pseudoephedrine, Xanax, and Adderall can have healing abilities. They can
make people feel better when that person actually has an illness/disorder that is needing those medications. Although people can abuse these drugs
making them have a bad rep. But how much do we really know about these drugs? We should be spending more time researching the effects of these
drugs on the human body, rather than trying to make them illegal. Dimethyltryptamine AKA (DMT) AKA (The Third Eye) is adrug scientist should be
researching. Like Dr. Strassman who studied it in 1990–1995. Dr. Strassman is a medical doctor specialized in psychiatry. One of the only people who
have researched DMT usage and the effects. He is also the author of the book "DMT the Spirit Molecule". He conducted lots of experiment. In the
experiments, he would give people high doses of DMT to volunteer test subjects. These test found out that the chemical is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Strassman we wouldn't know what the light when about to die, actually is. The research Dr. Strassman made is a breakthrough. He found that this
gland is located in the geometric center of the brain. The gland is around the size of a grain of rice. It even is the shape of a pine cone. Hence the
name being the Pineal Gland. In the medical world the Pineal Gland is regarded as one of the most important organs of the nervous system and being
responsible for the production of Melatonin. Melatonin is an herb that can help one relax and sleep. In the Spiritually world the organ is actually the
mystical third eye or Ajna Chakra. Ancient civilizations have mentioned the use for thousands of years. There is a symbolic significate of the third eye
being "the seat of the soul" or "the spiritual gateway to all realms and

LSD Synthesis Essay
Ever since the beginning of Nixon's War on Drugs, psychoactive substances have been given a bad rap. This is especially true for psychedelics like
LSD, psilocybin (the psychoactive compound found in magic mushrooms), dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and of course the list could go on and on.
But as research has recently begun again on these compounds, scientists are finding more and more reason for these substances to be reevaluated. In
addition to helping with anxiety and depression, psychedelics are today most well known for their effects on the brain's creativity levels. In light of
this, should psychedelics be evaluated and considered for legal use in society, as a tool for all of us, and especially artists, to increase our creativity?
The Birth of LSD Albert Hofmann was a German scientist who began working at the Sandoz Pharmaceuticals research laboratory in Basel, Switzerland,
in 1929. According to his own writing in "The Discovery of LSD and Subsequent Investigations on Naturally Occurring Hallucinogens," he had been
working on various pharmaceutical substances, extracted from ergot fungus. He discovered drugs that lowered blood pressure, and others that
increased brain function in the elderly, from... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alex Grey is one of the most well–known psychedelic artists of the modern age. Grey studied and worked at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts
in Boston. He also worked for five years at the Harvard Medical School preparing cadavers while studying anatomy, and afterwards taught Artistic
Anatomy and Figure Sculpture at New York University for ten years. He is open about his active and previous use of LSD, and how it has affected
not only his life in general, but specifically his approach to his artwork and how it affects his creative

Religion And Its Effect On The Improvement Of Religion Essay
With an early history of civilization establishments utilizing psychoactive substances for medicinal purposes, rituals, and spirituals purposes. This
notion encouraging medications had a huge influence in the improvement of religion has been broadly talked about for a long time. Bringing on
uncertainty part of "psychedelic" or hallucinogenic medications create religious experience, and whether this experience these humans is truly
religious, or are they just "trips." Before we consider the "religious" capability of hallucinogenic medications, one must apply a working meaning of "
religion". This paper characterizes religious encounters and medication prompted encounters, similarities of neurological brain scans, that can be
contrast with show how they are more indistinguishable than different. Furthermore, patients utilizing hallucinogenic medications to adapt to death.
Following to perusing this paper ideally its decisions would advance levelheaded thought of legitimate issues encompassing medications, and we can
engage into a dialogue between psychedelics experiences and religious experiences.
Religion is an all–inclusive establishment in human culture. It 's found in over a wide span of time, it is the establishment on which society stands, it
deals with sacred things that lie past our insight and control. The word itself represents beliefs and practices that are by and large the primary
attributes of all religions. At the core to all religions is the idea of faith which

Introduction. Addiction Is An Unexpected Problem Defined
Introduction
Addiction is an unexpected problem defined by excessive drug consumption. Whereas each drug produces peculiar physical effectiveness, any mistreat
usage of drugs of the same manner: more than often usage can affect the behavior of the brain.
Administration of recreational drugs leads to elevation dopamine hormone level in your cerebrum, that simulate the sensibility of pleasure. Individual's
cerebrum recollects these feelings and necessarily them to be reproduced.
When a person overuse these drugs, the drugs become as essential as other daily essential activities such as drinking and eating
Other changes occur in individual's cerebrum meddle with the ability of thinking clearly, attitude changes and disturbances, and failure ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
п‚§ Psychedelic drugs. Also named hallucinogenics, these drugs press on system of the focal sensory to regulate your point of view of reality, time,
and space. This group also may be able to make you imagine that you 're hearing or watching things that don 't co–exist or imagine stories that didn 't
really happened .Psychedelic drugs combine psilocybin (found in enchantment mushrooms), lysergic corrosive diethylamide (LSD), peyote, and
dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
п‚§ Opioids. These are the drugs that are shown through the opioid receptors. This group is featured as the most accepted pharmaceutically and are
usually used to cure cough and 3 pain. This group include many examples such as heroin, codeine, morphine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone,
buprenorphine, and methadone.
п‚§ Inhalants. These are a wide group of drugs with the common feature of being basically consumed through breathing. The wide plurality of the drugs
in this group is presented as a vapor form at room temperature. The widest amount of these drugs usually found as family unit medications, inhalants are
usually misused by kids and teenagers. These include substances, for example, paint, stick, acetones, gas, marker or pen ink, and others. regarding the
feature that these drugs pass through the lungs into the blood, these drugs can be for misused in the form of smelling, stowing, sniffing, showering,
huffing and breathing, between other carriage courses.
п‚§ Cannabis. Cannabis is a

Part of the Neuron Affected, Inhibitory or Excitatory...
Part of the Neuron Affected, Inhibitory or Excitatory Potential
Changes and Ion Channels Affected by Psilocybin
Psilocybin belongs to the classification of drugs called hallucinogens. Hallucinogens typically act by stimulating serotonin receptors at different times
or for longer durations than serotonin itself would (Kalat 2004). When psilocybin enters the brain, the enzyme alkaline breaks down one of its
phosphate groups through hydrolysis. It then becomes psilocin, an even stronger hallucinogen (Psilocybin 2003). It is particularly potent due to the
position of its hydroxyl group (Jacobs 1984).
Psilocin is a postsynaptic serotonin receptor agonist. In other words, its similar structure allows it to mimic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The other is to suppress sensory systems during the waking state
(Powell 2004). When psilocin binds to the 5HT2A receptors, it inhibits the uptake of serotonin, thereby decreasing inhibitory serotonin activity. This
results in an increase of alertness and arousal. Another theory asserts that the important activity of psilocin takes place at the proximal dendrites of
level V pyramidal cells, as this is the area of the brain with the highest concentration of 5HT2A receptors. In support of this theory, this is the only area
of the brain where directly applies serotonin excites cells. The receptors do not activate pyramidal cells directly but through action potential. This is
demonstrated by the fact that drugs that stop the action potential prevent the 5HT2A induced excitation. While action potential is required for such
excitation, stimulation of the
5HT2A receptors does not result in increased action potential.
The excitation mechanism can also be blocked by presynaptic inhibitors, showing that activity in the presynaptic 5HT2A receptors that connect with
pyramidal cells is also crucial
(Connely 2004). According to Marek and Aghajanian 1998, page
1123, "An enhancement of asynchronous evoked [excitatory postsynaptic potentials] via 5HT2A receptors provides a possible synaptic mechanism for
the hallucinogenic effects of these drugs." Psilocybin is an indoleamine, in the same chemical group with serotonin and

Behavior Theory And Depression

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Gladys Cepparulo

More from Gladys Cepparulo (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Behavior Theory And Depression