Boyle

Boyle
The Men and Women of Chemistry: Robert Boyle Robert Boyle was born to Richard Boyle and
Catherine Fenton on January 25, 1627 in Lismore, Ireland. He was the youngest son of Richard
Boyle, the Earl of Cork, and he was born into a noble family. His father was very rich and had an
abundant amount of wealth due to his occupation of being a prestigious landowner. Additionally, his
mother, Catherine Fenton, was also associated with a wealthy family English family. During his
early childhood, Boyle was sent to live with a poor Irish family (Famous Scientists). Boyle's father
had a unique way to raise his children. He would send them to this family and he believed that
through this experience they would toughen up and mature more efficiently. He also ... Show more
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He also left a very important implication on science today by showing the correct and efficient way
of how experimental science should be done. He conducted this by showing the importance of
repeating experiments and how they should be done carefully. He claimed that this would improve
experimental techniques. Many contemporary scientists abide by this rule to hold the greatest results
they can get. Many scientists use this effectively and don't take it for granted. Boyle was a very open
minded individual and he introduced a concept that dealt with the results gone wrong. He said," ...
even when we find not what we seek, we find something as well worth seeking as what we missed "
(Boyle). He showed the positivity that makes man a great
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College Admissions Essay: Back In Elementary School
Science is All I Need Back in elementary school, I generally had a great distaste for everything
science; I preferred math. Science seemed too simple and I disapproved of the slow–moving pace.
One day a year the school hosted Science Matters Day, my favorite people, Scientists, were invited
to visit; they brought all kinds of fun activities. One of my favorite memories of all has to be the day
they made a hard–boiled egg sink into a bottle. The experiment was still simple, but it was different
from anything we had ever done before. This experiment included the use of a flame to produce heat
and create pressure. I thought it was interesting, and I was hooked. My next run in with science
could have been better. The school put on a Science Fair, where all the students did their projects
and experiments outside of school, but it was still run by the school. My partner and I wanted to do
the project completely on our own. We refused help from everyone and anyone, but we had no ideas
and we wanted it to be original. We waited for inspiration until we could not wait any more. We
were walking home ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I met and outscored my best friend in Biology on almost every test and lab. I competed against one
of the boys in Chemistry, whom I continue to challenge in an effort to make him push himself and
myself as well. I was driven, hungry to learn more and help those around me. I stayed up late to take
peers' calls and answer their messages about assignments. I helped anyone who asked for my
assistance to the best of my abilities. During this time, I realized how much I enjoyed Science and it
was not solely because I was doing well. I recognized I had a natural talent for science as well as an
inclination towards it. I enjoyed Biology and Chemistry immensely, and because of this, my
decision to major in Biochemistry was easy, almost obvious, unlike the conclusion I assumed back
in elementary

The Emotional Cognition Laboratory At The University Of...
Organisational profile My placement was carried out by the School of Psychological Sciences at
The University of Manchester, which is a public educating and researching organisation. The
University is a member of the Russell Group and it aims to educate its students using research–
based teaching. It comprises of four faculties with each faculty divided into schools. The School of
Psychological Sciences, which is a part of the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, is further
divided into several labs, each focusing on a narrower topic. One of these, the Emotional Cognition
Lab, is led by Dr Deborah Talmi and concentrates on the interaction of cognition and emotion and
how these two constructs influence memory and decision–making ... Show more content on
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Undertaken project I was interested in this specific placement as I was keen to get more experience
as a research assistant on a non–clinical academic research project. In general, my role included
testing the participants and coding the data. I also liked the idea of knowing the process behind
composing a new experiment, how the researchers develop their initial idea into a complex
experiment and how they go all the way to interpreting the data. What was also quite unique about
this experiment was that the participants were required to observe negatively–arousing emotional
pictures of war scenes and violence, which can lead to very negative feelings at the end of the
experiment and knowing how to handle such procedure with the participant is a useful skill to
posses.
The experiment
The experiment consisted of three tasks. The first task differed based on the condition, where
participant was asked to either passively look at the pictures, rate how the pictures are related to a
similar set of pictures presented alongside the trial image, or to locate an action within the picture.
In all cases, the participant viewed emotional images. The second task, a distracting task, consisted
of calculating two simple math sums (e.g. 8–3) and deciding which one is larger. The last task was a
recall of all trial pictures seen

Shooting Science Experiment
The purpose of my science fair was to figure out what angle in shooting will produce the most
amount of goals. First I chose which angle for shooting is more effective to produce the most
amount of goals in a game. I chose this because in my games I have found that sometimes we miss
the shots on goal, and I wanted to find a way to put an end to it. That's why I chose this for my
science experiment. My results were that the 45 degree angle proved to be the best angle for
shooting and –90 degree angle was the worst. I predicted that if I kick from the 45 degree angle it
would produce the most amount of goals. I proved my hypothesis with a score of 4 out of the five
goals. In my results I got 3.6 for the 90 degree angle. In the 45 degree angle I got 4 out of five.
Using the 0 degree angle I got 3.3 out of 5. On the –45 I got a 2.3 out of five. Lastly using the –90 I
got a 2 out of 5. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The relationship is I have to keep moving the ball so I have to keep measuring the ball. That is how
they are related. Now I will discuss my experimental procedure. My procedure was this. First I
needed to measure out my angles from the penalty dot. Then I needed to kick the balls into the goal
and record my data out of five. Some of the things that may have affected my results were that it had
snowed and I had to shovel part of the field, and it may have made my tired. Aklso that it was really
cold and I may have been off my game because of

The Pathology Of A Lab Assistant
I was scrolling through the weekly microbiology email update when the rare job section caught my
eye. I saw there was an opening to be a lab assistant. I immediately filled out the application and
attached my resume, hopeful that I would be considered for an interview. After I submitted my
application, I began to anticipate what the microbiology lab would be like.Would there be other
freshman working as assistants? What sort of research would they conduct? Finally, the day arrived
to find out. The free–standing building was all the way on the opposite side of campus. I rode the
bus and was dropped off in front; everyone scurried out. As I walked the hallway, most of the labs
appeared like classroom labs: a large front station for the instructor surrounded by smaller lab
stations for the students. Finally, the hallway led to a smaller corridor of private labs. I found my
way to a larger lab that opened up into an atypical lab set up. Every inch of space in the lab was
utilized by a machine, or boxes of spare lab gear. It was not as simplistic as the teaching labs. After
peering around a few lab stations, I was greeted by Sean, who was in charge of the lab. He asked me
a few mundane questions about how I felt about science and what my goals were, and then he
proceeded to introduce me to the researchers. I showed up the following day with closed toed shoes
and spent the next four years, in between classes and my studies, in that lab. I could not have known
the experiences I

Elephant Toothpaste: A Fun Science Experiment
Elephant toothpaste is such a fun science experiment. Elephant toothpaste is very unique with its
name and what it is. It really does look like elephant toothpaste so the key factor in this science
experiment, is the random and fun factor. It is a very common experiment done in the classroom.
You only need a few easy to find ingredients to make the foamy substance. The foamy reaction is
caused by the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The supplies you will need are:
1. 16 ounce plastic bottle
2. ½ cup hydrogen peroxide 6%
3. 1 Tablespoon of dry yeast
4. 3 Tablespoons of warm water
5. Liquid dish soap
6. Food coloring
7. Small cup
8. Safety goggles
9. Tray
You will begin my putting your safety goggles on because the hydrogen ... Show more content on
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The second step would be to add your favorite food coloring. You could get creative and add more
than one color to make rainbow toothpaste. Next you will need to add the dish soap, 1 tablespoon of
it to be exact. In a separate bowl mix warm water and the yeast for at least 30 seconds. Make sure to
mix it well so the chemical reaction can start immediately. Now pour the warm water with the yeast
mixed in into the bottle and watch the magic happen! The Foam is so cool! The foam that was
produced is special because each bubble is filled with oxygen. The catalyst is the yeast and it helps
remove the oxygen from the hydrogen peroxide. Yeast is a microorganism that is alive. We used
Baker's yeast and is the name of the strain of yeast used in bread dough to rise. Hydrogen Peroxide
is a clear liquid which can bleach clothes and can be used to kill germs in skin cuts and scrapes.
Because it did this exceptionally fast it created a lot of bubbles. If you could be close enough to the
bottle you could have felt that the bottle heated up. This is because it caused an Exothermic reaction.
This is means it not only created the bubbles it created heat. Putting the live yeast with the

Persuasive Essay On Chimpanzees
i believe that we should not do tests on chimpanzees in the state of colorado
"In their natural homes in the wild, chimpanzees humans' closest living genetic relatives", who are
more like us than they're like gorillas are never separated from their families and troops .
"Profoundly social beings, they spend every day together exploring, crafting and using tools to solve
problems, foraging, playing, grooming each other, and making soft nests for sleeping each night" .
They care deeply for their families and forge lifelong friendships . Chimpanzee mothers are loving
and protective, nursing their infants and sharing their nests with them for four to six years . They
have excellent memories and share cultural traditions with their children and peers . They empathize
with one another and console their friends when they're upset . They help others, even at a personal
cost to themselves . When one of another ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were no families, no companions, no grooming, and no nests . There were only cold, hard
steel bars and concrete and terror and loneliness that went on for so many years that most
chimpanzees would sink into depression, eventually losing their minds . As a result of enduring the
terror and pain of having their bodies routinely violated for experiments and the loneliness of their
tiny steel and concrete prison cells, many chimpanzees bear lifelong emotional scars . Numerous
studies have shown that even long after they've been retired from experimentation, many
chimpanzees exhibit abnormal behavior indicative of depression and posttraumatic stress . They
suffer from symptoms such as social withdrawal, anxiety, and loss of appetite . They pull out their
own hair, bite themselves, and pace incessantly . when they were done testing on them they are
locked up in cold bars and they are put in small

Physics : Science And Volcano Experiment
1. Topic; science/volcano experiment
a. Teams will be investigating a volcano of their choosing, creating a model of the volcano, and
writing a one page report on their findings. The team will come together to write a 1–2 page report
and create a volcanic model based on the information they've gathered. The roles and
responsibilities that students will have include the following:
(1). Teammate 1 will be a researcher and Praiser. He/she will verbally express appreciation for
teammates' ideas and contributions. research and write down the characteristics of the volcano, for
example, the age, country of origin, details regarding the type of volcano (i.e., plateau, caldera,
cinder, composite, etc.), details of the activity of the volcano ... Show more content on
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Also, he/she will encourage teammates to do well.
4. Teammate 4 will be the recorder and will do brief research. The student will listen to his/her
teammates and record their findings to construct a 1–2 page report. In addition, the student will do
brief research to come up with at least 3 interesting facts about the volcano to add to the report.
*Note: each teammate needs to explain and incorporate at least three things from their portion of the
investigation into the volcanic model.
2. Setting:
a. Elementary classroom environment with posted rules and expectations
b. Team desks arranged an interior loop where all students can see the teacher
c. Team tables will be arranged close enough for team–to–team interaction
d. There's an open space for classbuilding
3. Group involved: Second grade students in heterogeneous groups of four
4. Implementation of the seven keys for success
1. Structures; The structures that will be utilized for this project include Team Projects, Single
RoundRobin, Sum–the–Ranks, Number Group Presentation, and Stand Up, Hand Up, Pair Up.
2. Teams; students will be in heterogeneous teams of four where teammates are of mixed gender,
race, ethnicity, and achievement levels. On each team, there will be one high, one low, and two
medium achievers. If there are extra students, teams may consist of three or five teammates.
3. Management; There are a number of management skills that will be implemented during this
project to ensure that

The Scientific Method Of Psychology
Unit 1 – Intro and Research Methods
1. Empiricism states that knowledge can only be derived from the senses. Every science utilizes the
empirical approach, which has developed into the utilization of the scientific method to gain
knowledge. (McLeod, 2008) Since psychology depends on the scientific method to attain
knowledge, psychology can conclusively be considered a science. Besides empirical evidence, some
other key traits of a science are the following: objectivity, control, predictability, hypothesis testing,
and replication. (McLeod, 2008) Psychology ensures objectivity via single–, double–, and triple–
blind experiments. Causation can only be confirmed in psychology through an experiment where all
variables (besides the independent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Humanism was developed in response to the pessimism of psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
Humanists believe that all humans have free will and the ability to reach self–actualization (Cherry,
n.d.). Out of all three of the early psychological schools, humanism is the most optimistic.
3. The three psychological perspectives that we will be focusing on for the IB Exam are biological,
cognitive, and sociocultural. These three different perspectives would analyze a behavior, such as
being afraid of heights, in three different ways. A psychologist who subscribes to the biological
perspective might say that a person is afraid of heights due to abnormalities in the anterior insular
cortex. A psychologist who subscribes to the cognitive perspective may say that a person is afraid of
heights because he or she associates heights with danger in his or her thoughts. A psychologist who
subscribes to the sociocultural perspective may say that a person is afraid of heights because their
friends and family are afraid of heights, so they learn to be afraid of heights as well.
4. Four types of research studies that psychologists may conduct are case studies, observational
studies, tests, and surveys. A case study is when one individual is carefully observed and test. The
information derived from the observations and tests are used to formulate a detailed description of
the individual. The major advantage

Nathan Kleitman's Golden Age
Nathan Kleitman was born in Bessarabia, now known as Moldova in 1895. He had spent much of
his youth being chased around, first being driven to Palestine due to the holocaust and then the
world war drove him to the United States. He has been termed as the "father of modern sleep
research". He initially carried out many experiments on sleep as he believed that the study of sleep
was an unexplored area of the science of physiology. in 1953 he and one of his graduate student
Eugene Aserinsky discovered the rapid eye movement aka REM sleep and that discovery according
to William C. Derment made "the study of sleep a true scientific study". REM sleep has helped
understand the entire dynamics of sleep as it helps in understanding different sleep patterns in
different organisms. Modern Technology has helped make the study of sleep economical and easier
due to which various studies have been carried out on sleep. And hence experts call this "the dawn
of the golden age of sleep research" and ironically the question arises "If this is sleep research's
golden age, then why are we all so tired?" In addition to this the ... Show more content on
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However, Mathew J. Wolf–Meyer is more critical about the question of sleep. He argues that the
practice of going to bed at eleven o'clock and waking up at seven in the morning is not the system
that human beings were made to follow and blames American capitalism specifically for this. But
Till Roenneberg, the author of 'Internal Time: Chronotypes, Social Jet lag and why you're so tired'
believes that it has do more with human physiology than industrial capitalism. Roennberg has used
the term Chrono type to explain the different sleeping behaviors among the larks who sleep early
and wake up early and owls who sleep late and wake up late and how factors like social life and age
influence these Chrono

Paper Towel Absorbency Experiment
I believe that Walmart brand paper towels are just as absorbent as Bounty brand paper towels. All
paper towels are made from paper pulp that is woven to create a large sheet. Because all paper
towels are made from the same material I believe that the Walmart brand will absorb just as much
liquid as the other brands. I will prove my hypothesis through a scientific experiment comparing
three brands of paper towels. I chose three brands with three very different price points. Am I paying
more money per roll for a higher quality towel or are all paper towels made the same, therefore will
absorb equal amounts of liquid. I will put each paper towel brand through an absorbency test 4 times
to get an average amount of liquid absorbed. I am ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the towels are different sizes trim them to the smallest size. 3. Fill a liquid measuring cup with
100mils of water. 4. Submerge the first brand of paper towel into water and start the stopwatch. At
20 seconds remove the paper towel from the water and squeeze the paper towel into the second
liquid measuring cup. 5. Record how much water was squeezed from the paper towel. 6. Repeat
with each brand of towel and record the data. Repeat each set of trials at least four times for
consistency of data. 7. Find the average amount of liquid absorbed by each brand of towel and plot
in a bar graph.
My experimental design is set up in such a way that anyone can replicate this experiment with the
same brands of towels and get the same results. My plan keeps the trials as fair as possible by
cutting the towels down to the same size so only the thickness of each towel comes into play. It is
important to conduct multiple trials to insure the data is consistent.
The Dependent variable for this study is the amount of water absorbed by the paper towels. This will
be measured in milliliters. The independent variable for this study is different brands of paper
towels. The controlled variables will be the amount of water the paper towels are given to absorb,
the size of the paper towels at the beginning of the experiment, and using the same measuring
instruments in each trial. I will reduce the threat to internal validity by conducting the experiments
in the

Melted Chocolate Science Experiment
July 21, 2013
Introduction to Scientific Thought: Science Experiment Project
Introduction
My wife and I love to cook and especially love to make sweet things. Every year around late April
or early May, we travel past Marble Falls to Sweet Berry Farms and hand pick strawberries to make
our favorite sweet treats. My wife is somewhat of an expert in the making of strawberry jam and I
dabble in desserts made with chocolate; strawberries dipped in milk, dark, and white chocolate are
my personal favorites. I am not a professionally trained chef and don't know much about how foods
react to and inter–act with each other in a culinary or scientific manner, all I know is I really like to
dip things in chocolate. My problem I had was that my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The independent variables are the following: * Boiling temperature of 1 ½ cups of tap water
(Fahrenheit) * 3 ½ oz. of each type of chocolate * Same pot, containers, and thermometer used in a
consistent manner
The dependent variables are the following: * The amount of time each chocolate spends in the
boiling water * How long the thermometer is kept in each type of chocolate * When each
temperature is taken
Experimental Methods
Materials needed for the experiment: * 1 – 1 Quart Boiling Pot * 1 – Burner or heat source to boil
water * 1 – 2 Cup Measuring Cup * 1 – 1 ½ cups of Tap Water * 1 – Pair of Tongs * 3 – 12 oz.
Containers * 1 – 3 ½ oz. Lindt White Chocolate * 1 – 3 ½ oz. Lindt Milk Chocolate * 1 – 3 ½ oz.
Lindt 70% Dark Chocolate * 1 – Cooking Thermometer * 1 – Towel to wipe thermometer
The experiment will consist of the following steps: 1– Place 1 ½ cups of tap water into 1 quart
boiling pot 2– Turn burner on high 3– Place 1 quart boiling pot on burner 4– Place 3 ½ oz. of each
chocolate into the 12 oz. containers 5– Place 3 ½ oz. container of White chocolate into boiling pot as
it is heating up 6– Bring 1 ½ cups of tap water to a boil 7– Keep the container of White chocolate in
boiling water until it is fully melted 8– Remove the container of White chocolate from

Middle School Science Experiment Hypothesis
Can an Adult Pass a Middle School Science Test?
Bella Lopez
Table of Contents
1. Title page, pg.1
2. Table of Contents, pg.2
3. Abstract, pg.3
4. Introduction, pg.4
5. Question, pg.5
6. Purpose, pg.6
7. Variables, pg.7
8. Hypothesis, pg.8
9. Research, pg.9–12
10. Materials, pg.13
11. Procedure, pg.14
12. Data & Analysis, pg.15–16
13. Results & Conclusion, pg.17
14. Bibliography, pg. 18–19
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to find out if an adults could pass a middle school science test.
My hypothesis was that the 20–39 year old age group would have the highest average test score. To
determine this I had adults, in the age ranges of 20–39, 40–59, and 60+, take a 12 question middle
school science test. The results proved my hypothesis right because the 20–39 year olds age group
had the highest average test score. The 60+ age group had the second highest average test score and
the 40–59 year old age group had the lowest average test score. The independent variables are the
ages of the adults, which are (20–39), (40–59), (60+). The dependent variable is the grade the
participant gets on the test based on the answer sheet for the test. The controlled variable is the 12
question middle school science test based on middle school curriculum. If I were to do something to
make the data more accurate I would to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It takes care of all of your memory capacity other than your short–term memory. Long–term
memory occupies a large part of your brain (Does Age Effect Memory). The more repeated or used
information, is most likely to eventually end up in long–term memory. Retention is the mental
ability of retaining and recalling past experience. Long–term memory retains specifics such as
people's names, places you've been, and who told us something. Information has to pass through

your sensory memory and short–term memory first before it can end up in your long–term memory.
(Mohs, Short/long term

The Death Of A Science Experiment
Today packed only dark, dirty convictions. Too many lives wasted. Too many were taken advantage
of. This consequently, lead to immense deaths. Unfortunately, nobody cared enough to spare their
lost lives. Significant sorrow for silly, morbid intentions. So much nature involved in so much
murder. Only recently did government officials find out vitriolic, clandestine secrets that were
happening for more than several decades. How could vast population be tricked? This is the most
insane testimony of the century. All this aversion and blood have been in the hands of the villain's,
for just a science experiment! It all started by a man who had a special passion for nature. His
favorite garden meals were the Blood meals and the Bone meal. ... Show more content on
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So once he went to America, he had no track record so nobody was expecting anything. Daffy was
not a sociopath he just firmly believed that what he was doing was right and for scientific purposes.
His talents had only been extraordinary. Many thought he made the tremendous contribution to
science until they picked up on what his archives revealed. The archives revealed his biggest secrets
of which were the mass murdering. He used human bone meal instead of the bone meal he claimed
he misled them, big league. To disclose and deceive to believe no–one was doing any harm. He
knew the exact time to strike. The Organization Daffy was a part of had the foremost intentions in
preserving the environment; their notions were not only heavy in the hearts, but also deep in their
souls. This idea was not solely based on their belief system based on the fact of composting the
inhumane characters in which had destroyed the government. So, they were on a special mission.
Their organization composed of skilled inventors who were sick, tired of the Urban advancements.
They believed if they had shown the world how prominent gardening was they would be able to
destroy these polluted people and their disastrous desires. They had a strong belief system being
which said,
We shall reunite our people to banish the greedy grazers who have goals to destroy the way be
breath, as they are much too busy

Science Fair Experiment Essay
My science fair experiment is a homemade polygraph test. It will measure the sweat responses to
different questions. Throughout the experiment I will be asking questions, first testing, then the
actual experiment. It will not be as sophisticated as the polygraph tests that the government has, but
it still has the same function and purpose. I will be testing Kole Rodriguez for my experiment. The
history behind the polygraph machine has gone back to 1902. James McKenzie came up with the
inadequate model of the machine. Later in 1921, John Larson a medical student from the University
of California invented the modern machine. Larson made a more accurate machine than the first,
this machine also recorded on a rotating drum of smoke paper. It recorded physiological responses;
it was not as advanced as the 21st century polygraph machine. Through 1925 and 1938 the machine
was furthered by Lenonarde Keller, instead of smoke paper he used ink pens to ensure that the
results were accurate. In 1938 Keller added another component, which was the galvanic skin
resistance, this measures the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Add a single strip of Velcro at the end of the foil side; this will make it possible to Velcro the pieces
together. At this time there will be an electrode that wraps around a finger. Then comes the coding,
this is where the computer program Arduino comes into play. After the breadboard is set up I will
attach the electrode to a students finger and ask sample questions that we already know the answer
to for example, name, birthday, grade, and so forth. After we make sure that the program is correct I
will ask questions that I do not know the answers, they are only allowed to answer with either yes or
no. If the program spikes they are not telling the truth and if they are telling the truth the program
will only have a slight

Science Fiction As A Thought Experiment
Science Fiction as a Thought Experiment Science fiction is a fairly new genre compared to many
other literature styles but is one of the most relevant and evolving literary classifications. It is a huge
genre that encompasses many different types of stories such as dystopian, utopian, superheroes, and
more. Science fiction is primarily used as a reflection of society as well as a forecast of what current
society could become. Science fiction is argued to be a "Gedankenexperiment," or thought
experiment, because it conveys deeper meanings on where society is heading and forces the reader
to challenge their views about the world. Science fiction uses a human centric theme that includes
changing variables to create a thought experiment which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Authors frame their major questions either implicitly or explicitly, depending on what they feel will
most effectively convey the theme/message of the story. Explicit questions ensure that the reader
will understand what the author/director wants them to think about, while an implicit question
usually requires deeper thought and analysis. How the creator wants the readers to react depends on
how they pose the story, the content, and especially the take away question. In "Uncivilization" the
question is stated explicitly in the text. It is a manifesto, a call to arms, and thus is not trying to hide
the nature of its project. In "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" the question of whether the
happiness of the majority outweighs the suffering of one, or few, is stated fairly explicitly. This
question is the basis of the civilization and is the question every townsperson is asked when they are
shown the child. However, in Rakka the question is stated implicitly as the message of the movie is
never outright explained, but it can be interpreted through the visuals and through the narration. The
giant methane machines that spew greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are reminiscent of the large
factories all over the world. Rakka also shows how the aliens have destroyed forests and killed plant
life, which is once more a reflection on human actions to the ecosystem. Stories in general demand
an answer to a problem, otherwise

Arguments Against Animal Testing : Unethical And Unethable
Animal Testing; Unethical and Unreliable Ninety five percent of the animals experimented on in
America are not protected under the Animal Welfare Act. (Hoffman 1). This leaves the majority of
animal's rights unprotected and vulnerable. The animals may be subjected to things such as: "testing
drugs , infecting with diseases, poisoning, burning skin, causing brain damage, implanting
electrodes into the brain, maiming and blinding, long–term social isolation, electric shocks, and the
withholding of food and water" (Animals in Science/Research 1). The experimentation of animals
should be banned because it is unethical, unreliable, and has an extremely low ratio of the number of
experiments to amount of success they lead to.
Other species of animals are very different genetically from humans. Experimenting on another
species is not going to produce accurate or reliable results for humans. This even includes monkeys,
monkeys share over ninety percent of the same deoxyribonucleic acid as humans yet have proved to
be just as useless in experiments. Cruelty Free International gives two examples of this in their
article Arguments Against Animal Testing, one of which with the drug Vioxx. An arthritis
medication named Vioxx was deemed safe for human use when tested in 6 animal species, including
monkeys. But this drug "has been estimated to have caused around 320,000 heart attacks and strokes
and 140,000 deaths worldwide." Another example of this was the disaster when testing a

Animal Testing Is Wrong?
I believe that animal testing is wrong because, the animals are treated inhumanely. Humans have no
right to use animals like they are objects that can just be thrown away like they do not matter. These
experiments result in extreme and torturous pain. Animals are brought into laboratories and tested
on against their will. An estimate of almost twenty–six million animals is used every year in the
United States for scientific and commercial testing. Animals are used to check the safety of product,
determine how toxic medicines are, and to develop medical treatment. There are many non–animal
test methods that can be used. These methods are more humane, they are also faster, and can be
closer related to humans, they can also be cheaper than animal testing. "Huntingdon Life Science
(HLS) kills an average of 500 animals each day for tests" (Kinship Circle). Sadly, many different
species of animals have to indoor these terrible conditions and painful tests, such as, primates, rats,
mice, dogs, and cats. In animal testing primates are treated horrible in laboratories. Primates are
sensitive, intelligent, and share many important biological and psychological characteristics with
human beings, unfortunately, makes them prime targets for experimenters, who treat them as if they
were disposable pieces of laboratory equipment. "At the Oregon National Primate Research Center
scientists fed monkeys excessive amounts of food and restricted their movement, essentially
simulating the

Milk Science Experiment
My science experiment has 3 different results but there was only one that matched my hypothesis.
After applying all my steps to the soda, when I put it through the strainer the soda completely went
through the strainer; there was nothing left behind. Later after applying all my steps to the juice. i
also put it through a strainer and i ended up with the same result as the soda. The only liquid i didn't
get a bad result for was the milk. The milk went through the strainer and left behind this white
squishy looking material. It looked almost as if it were some type of white goo.
With my science project i gained a greater understanding on how vinegar can create a chemical
reaction so quickly when working with other liquids. I learned that the lumps left behind in the
strainer from the milk are actually called "casein". The individual protein strands within the milk
and the vinegar combine to make the solid, also known as a polymer molecule strand. The globs are
made of fat minerals and the protein.. The combination of heat and vinegar (acetic acid) helps to pull
out or precipitate the protein casein from the milk. In fact, this plastic is environmentally friendly
because it will eventually decompose, unlike plastics made from petroleum products. ... Show more
I really enjoyed making a hypothesis about what was going to happen when the mixture of milk and
vinegar was heated in the microwave. I also enjoyed being able to test my hypothesis to see my
accuracy. Being able to see the progress within the matter of minutes was incredible to me, i couldn't
seem to wrap my head around that. overall my science experiment was

The Theory Of Transfer Of Learning
The theme of transfer of learning was woven within three articles. The first article was "Effects of
frequency of feedback on transfer in concept identification" by Marvin L. Schroth. The second
article was "Schema Induction and Analogical Transfer" by Mary L. Gick and Keith J. Holoyoak.
The third article was "The Equivalence of Learning Paths in Early Science Instruction: Effects of
Direct Instruction and Discovery Learning" by David Klahr and Milena Nigam. "Effects of
frequency of feedback on transfer in concept identification" by Marvin L. Schroth looked at the
effects of frequency of feedback on immediate and delayed transfer tasks in concept identification.
Two experiments were conducted on this topic. Both experiments showed that difficult practice
conditions often facilitate retention and acquisition of related problems. They also showed that the
use of complex feedback conditions can be an effective tool to use in order to increase transfer or
retention effects (Schroth 1997). "Schema Induction and Analogical Transfer" by Mary L. Gick and
Keith J. Holoyoak posited that an analysis of the process of analogical thinking predicts that
analogies will be noticed on the basis of semantic retrieval cues and that the induction of a general
schema from concrete analogs will facilitate analogical transfer (Gick, Holyoak, 1983 pg. 1). Part 1
and 2 of this article consisted of 3 experiments. The experiments in part 1 attempted to foster
abstraction of a problem schema from a

Analysis Of An Experiment In Gratitude, The Science Of...
According to authors Kottler and Chen, domains for enhancing happiness are relationships,
environment, physical state, productivity, recreation, and distressing emotions. In addition, strategies
that are related to these enhancements of happiness are finding a romantic partner, securing
reasonable physical and financial safety and comfort, periodically enjoying fine weather, living in a
stimulating environment (based on one's value), eating healthy, engaging in regular physical
exercise, achieving success and approval at work that is interesting and challenging, working
towards a coherent set of goals, making leisure activities a priority, diversifying one's life with
multiple interests, experimenting with new and exciting options, avoiding distressing situations
when possible, focusing on the positive as much as one can and practicing compassion and empathy
toward others. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, the individual on the YouTube video named "An Experiment in Gratitude, The Science of
Happiness" stated that psychologists have scientifically verified that one of the greatest contributing
factor to overall happiness in one's life is how much gratitude one

Science Fair Question : Can You Accurately Measure Pi...
Question
My testable science fair question is: Can you accurately measure pi through scientific
experiments? I will conduct four separate scientific experiments throughout my project. My
hypotheses for
Hypothesis these experiments will vary greatly. My first experiment will be finding several large
circles in our environment, then pacing off the circumstance and the diameter. I will then calculate
pi by dividing the measured circumference by the measured diameter. My hypothesis for this
method is that it won 't be very accurate and only round pi to a whole number (3) because of the
inaccuracies of heel to toe measuring. In my second experiment, I will throw cylinders on the floor
marked with tape strips. This method uses the random location of the cylinders and calculates pi by
seeing how many cylinders cross over lines. This experiment is a variation of Buffon 's needle, one
of the oldest problems in the field of geometry. I expect this method to calculate pi between a range
of 3.1 to 3.2. because although this experiment is supported scientifically, it 's still a game of chance.
In the third experiment, I will program a computer to repeat my throwing cylinders experiment
repeatedly to get more accurate results. I believe that this experiment will be just as accurate as my
second experiment because I expect after 200 repeats the results won 't get much more accurate. My
fourth experiment will be using regular polygons (triangles, squares, and octagons)

Science Has Been An Interest Of Mine
Science is something that happens every day. Science can be many different things as well.
Throughout my life, science has been an interest of mine. Asking questions, finding out how
something works, or how something is made. When I was in grade school, I don't remember having
any science classes. I do remember doing different experiments at home with my parents though.
The one thing that I loved to do was mix baking soda with vinegar and watching its reaction. This
was a lot of fun for me because it was very interesting to try and understand why both items that are
used with food and cooking, when mixed together would do something so cool. When I got older
and into middle school/high school, was when all of the cool science classes started. We learned
about the different elements on the periodic table and we got to take a tour of the science lab and all
of the fundamentals within it. The teacher showed us all of the different measuring tools and
containers, the ways to be safe in the lab like eye goggles and all of the emergency wash stations.
We also got to see a glass cabinet of a bunch of preserved animals. He explained that the animals
were in formaldehyde and also told us some of the stories behind the animals. One was a really
small horse and that was donated to the school from one of the locals because their horse had ended
up having a miscarriage. There were frogs and snakes and even bunnies and kittens. Another
interesting one was a baby deer that was also

The Scientific Method Of An Experiment
The first lab we ever did in Biology 101 was about the scientific method. The scientific method is
used in solving everyday problems. The first part of the scientific method is to begin making
observations and asking questions about the situation. Once that is done, you should then check
some accumulated sources of scientific data to gain information about the situation. Then you must
formulate a hypothesis. In other words, the hypothesis is what will lead to the formation of a
statement that can be tested. Before any experiment can be tested, you must gather all the needed
materials and come up with a reasonable procedure to perform the experiment. Usually when a
hypothesis is being tested, a controlled experiment is the type to use. In a ... Show more content on
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The double–blind experiment is where neither the subjects or the researchers know which is the
experimental group and which is the control group. The data collected is normally evaluated by
another researcher. The correlation versus cause and effect experiment is where relationships
between two or more variables is examined. It is easy to find a positive or negative correlation
between two or more variables, but it takes conducting an experiment to proving that one variable
causes another. A variable must be caught causing the other variable. A pseudoscience experiment is
performed to determine whether or not certain information is supported by the scientific method. A
lot of pseudoscience or fake science takes on the appearance of science but is never supported and
when it is tested under controlled conditions, most pseudoscience claims usually don't hold up. All
of these controlled experiment designs help when a hypothesis needs to be tested are they are all
commonly used in science almost every day. Overall, this was an amazing first lab to do considering
the scientific method is used to problems. Science isn't perfect and researchers are always asking
questions. Researchers will always look to using the scientific method to find those answers!
The second lab we completed in Biology 101 is about metric measurement and

Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein : The Pursuit Of Knowledge
Knowledge can cause a numerous amount of problems for those who choose to pursue it. That is if
they decide to traverse on the more taboo sides of the sciences instead of staying inside the societal
norms that have been set up. This is one of the more prevalent themes in Mary Shelley 's
Frankenstein. Among the themes of loneliness and revenge you have the one out standing theme of
knowledge being dangerous. The pursuit of knowledge has caused some of the greatest horrors in
the world of man and this is an evident theme in Mary Shelley 's Frankenstein. In Frankenstein
Victor decides that it would some how be in his best interest to try and make life himself; and not in
the way of breeding with another human of the opposite sex. This decision turned out to be the
ultimate cause of his downfall. Victor blames his pursuit of knowledge to be the thing that ultimately
caused his downfall, but this is incorrect. The thing that causes his downfall was, in fact, his lack of
compassion for his own creation. Victor ends up abandoning his creature which in turn caused the
creature to become malicious and want to see Victor fall from grace. In the script the creature states
"from the moment I declared everlasting war against he who had formed me and sent me forth to
this insupportable misery." (Shelly 116). So, Victor 's own selfishness and disregard for the feelings
of his own creation caused his suffering, not the creation of the creature itself. Even though this is
the case, Shelly

Science Fair Experiment
Margaret Milcoff, a student of Mill Creek Middle School, participated in an activity called the
science fair. Her topic was "Does temperature affect the growth of basil plants?" Margaret has a rich
desire to absorb all of the facts of the future, so she did this particular science fair experiment to find
out if simple plants, such as basil, would be able to survive the deadly affects of global warming.
Margaret used the scientific method through her trials of the science fair. So without further a due
here is Margaret's very successful and meticulous science fair journey.
Variable and hypothesis
Part of the scientific method is to create a hypothesis and find all three variables in an experiment.
In her question "Does temperature affect the

Skinner 's View On Psychology And The Contrasting Views Of...
Introduction
This essay will explore B. F. Skinner's view on the focus of psychology and the contrasting view of
the mentalists. It will then go on to consider the benefits of Skinners way of seeing psychology and
thus how he was able to turn psychology into a science with measurable outcomes and bring
evidence into a subject that had become subjective and unquantifiable.
Purpose of Psychology
Skinner stated that the purpose of psychology should be the study of behaviour. He had come to this
conclusion whilst performing studies on rats. (Skinner, 1938).
Mentatlistic approach
Prior to skinner the pervading view of behaviour within psychology was concerned with thoughts
and inner feelings that were thought to directly cause behaviour.(Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007)
Skinner thought that the study of psychology had remained unchanged for centauries and that the
subject had made virtually no progress.(Skinner, 1973)
He believed that behaviour should be studied in a scientific way rather than an introspective way.
Natural Science
Behaviour – Psychology or Biology – D&M (1)
(Blackman, 1991) puts the case forward that the study of behaviour should come under the 'subject'
of biology rather than psychology on the grounds that behaviour occurs 'naturally' when
consequences are applied. Skinner had said a similar thing himself in (1963) when he considered the
choice of the placement of behaviour in the scheme of things. He said that if the mind was going to
be the subject

Summary Of Eli's Hands-On Science Experiments
Eli's naturally investigative nature allows him to enjoy hands–on science experiments. However, in
his rush to begin experiments he tends to miss key directions leaving him and his group struggling
with completing the task at hand. Though it can take more than a session for Eli to complete an
experiment, his tenacity and desire to learn, allow him to work through the challenges and succeed
in the end. His science notes and lab reports are well organized. Eli's predictions, observations, and
conclusions, as they relate to our science experiments, show an understanding of the material being
taught. Hank continues to enjoy the hands–on science experiments. He understands and executes the
scientific process in class. Hank is able to describe

Clinical Laboratory Science Personal Statement
After discovering my passion for science and math, I pursue a career in Clinical Laboratory Science
with enthusiasm. My desire to study this subject originates from the exciting and rapidly–moving
subject area that is highly relevant to major issues facing society today. Clinical Laboratory
Scientists play a crucial role in the healthcare field; in detection, diagnosis and treatment of disease
in patients. My goal is to be involved in the latest advances in medical research and to constantly be
expanding my knowledge about my field. On top of this goal, Clinical Laboratory Science remains a
challenging, rewarding and inspiring topic that will motivate and shape my career for my entire life.
For as long as I can remember math and science classes fascinated me to no end. Once I started
wielding science as a tool to understand life, a whole new world opened up. There is nothing more
satisfying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Medicine and research changing frequently, which leads to the opportunity to become a lifelong
learner in my potential career. I enjoys studying technical processes and information and will never
tire of learning new things; for me, academia and facing a field that relies so heavily on research
will never fail to evoke curiosity and enthusiasm. To me, the most challenging subjects have always
been the most interesting ones, and I strive to conquer and succeed with these subjects. The
laboratory industry, with its constantly evolving technology and methods, will always be changing
and I am equipped with the desire and skill to excel in such a rapid environment. While taking
Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Science class we explored all the vast options for a clinical lab
major, and in all of the different applications I see nothing but opportunities. With a Clinical Lab
major, there is a world of

Human Inhumanity
Human experimentation is subjecting living beings to science experiments that can sometimes be
painful, cruel, deadly and risky. The human beings used in these experiments have changed the lives
of billions with advancements made in the medical field, over the last two centuries, some of the
subjects used in the experiments have been compensated for the physical and emotional damage
done (Veracity,2). However, many have lost their lives due to the experiments. By examining the
cruelty and inhumanity that the people were treated during the procedures of the experiments
throughout history, the abuse of power of the doctors performing experiments, and the permanent
disabilities that some of the subjects would experience for the rest of their lives, it is clear that the
data gathered from human experimentation it is not ethical, and shouldn't be used by future
generation.
Human experimentation has been around for many centuries. Experiments have been performed on
willing and unwilling participants, some experiments were not harmful to the subjects, while others
caused distress, pain and even death to the subjects. An unknown Auschwitz survivor wrote ""I
suffered immense pain and cruelty from the experiments. They were inhuman, but because of them,
I survived..." (The conference on Jewish material claims against Germany,3). Subjects were often
tested without anesthesia or painkiller causing them a lot of pain, many subjects were not able to
survive these painful and cruel

Fertilizer Distance Science Experiment Research Plan
Fertilizer Distance Science Experiment Research Plan
Rationale:
No other experiments have been performed testing how the distance of fertilizer from a seed of
wheat affects the plant's growth, but there are many other related experiments. Experiment 502,
conducted from 1971 to 2015 in Lahoma, Oklahoma, measured the wheat grain yield response to
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization. An average increase of 14 bushels/acre/year in the
first 10 years of the experiment when 80 pounds of N as ammonium nitrate was applied preplant.
Grain %N increased linearly up to 100 lb. N/ac in the last 20 years. (North Central Experiment
Station, 2015) Another related experiment is the Broadbalk Wheat Experiment at Rothamsted (UK).
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Pauly, 2009) Phosphorous is also a significant element of fertilizer that improves the other
nutrients' effectiveness. Wheat needs phosphorous for healthy roots and early plant growth. (Roberts
1998) "Wheat growth and development may be retarded if any one of these elements is lacking in
the soil or if a nutrient is not adequately balanced with other nutrients." (Pauly 2009) In order to
receive nutrients, the roots of a plant absorb water from a concentration gradient underground and
transport it the the stem of the plant. (Barber, Walker, Vasey, 1963)
Out of the various substances in fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer supplies key nutrients for the
development of wheat. Because nitrogen fertilizer has little residue, it does not harm the
environment as much as other fertilizers. (Lam, Chen, Norton, Armstrong, 2012) "Corn, wheat, and
rice, the fast–growing crops on which humanity depends for survival, are among the most nitrogen
hungry of all plants. They demand more, in fact, than nature alone can provide." (Charles 2013)
The safety hazards of the fertilizer used in this experiment include discomfort to eyes from the dust,
irritated skin from extended or frequent direct contact with the fertilizer, a headache, dizziness, or
vomiting from indigestion of large amounts of fertilizer, and irritated nose, throat, and lungs due to
inhalation of fertilizer dust. Extreme heat. Avoid contact with strong alkalies,

The Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing
It shows clearly that animal testing is very cruel and inhumane, because scientist force them to eat
and drink just for experiment. "For example: forcing dogs to inhale cigarette smoke did not show a
link to lung cancer; Flossing, an arthritis medication, tested safe in monkeys but caused deaths in
humans; and the recalled diet drug fen–phen caused no heart damage in animals, while it did in
humans––just a small sampling of volumes of examples." (NEAVS–– New England anti–vivisection
society)
Replace animals from experiments doesn't mean that we put human beings at risk also doesn't mean
that medical progress is slow or not develop. Instead, replacing animal experiment will improve the
humaneness of science. According to National Institute of Environment Health Science "We can
replace animals by computer models or cell– based system, for traditional animal's models, or
replace one animal species with a less highly developed one like replacing mouse with worm." We
could treat animal by decreasing pain and distress in animals or enhancing animal well–being. As of
now, "China is the only large cosmetic industry that made 32 billion worth of cosmetics it
mandatory for all products sold in their country to be tested on animals. Where America is making
steps in the right direction to end animal testing all together by beginning to use alternative testing
methods that do not involve animals at all." It's a good start but just doing our self is not enough, we
should educate

Urey And Miller Experiment Essay
Urey –Miller Experiment Description of the Urey–Miller Experiment In 1953 Urey and Miller were
working at a university of Chicago, directed an experiment which would alternate the method of
scientific investigation into the origin of life. Urey and Miller used very basic apparatus to conduct
this experiment, they used: 2 conical flasks glass tubing Power supply methane (CH4) ammonia
(NH3) hydrogen (H2) water (H2O) Urey and Miller gathered a closed system which he pumped a
mixture of gases that were methane, ammonia and hydrogen. One of the conical flasks was half full
of boiling in order to add water vapour to the mixture and the gases were circulated around the
apparatus. The gases mixed together created a high voltage electrical spark and then passed through
a condenser to cool it down before going through a "trap" cooled in ice to collect any liquid
products. Unaffected ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Urey and Millers experiment showed organic compounds such as amino acids, which are crucial to
cellular life. The experimentation begins firstly with a hypothesis, which Urey and Miller used to
thoroughly test the hypothetical conditions present on early earth and tested to see what the
environmental required to allow life on Earth to begin. The At the end of one week of continuous
operation, Miller and Urey observed, by looking at the cooled water, that as much as 10–15% of the
carbon within the system was now in the form of organic compounds. 2% of the carbon had formed
amino acids, including 13 of the 22 that are used to make proteins in living cells, with glycine as the
most abundant. The molecules produced were simple organic molecules, far from a complete living
biochemical system.

Safety Goggles Lab
When observing, assisting, or leading a high school or undergraduate chemistry lab, the statement
that is frequently said and heard is the reminder to put on safety goggles. Often times students will
forget about wearing their goggles or they will place their goggles on their foreheads, instead of
covering their eyes. The have been personal experiences where students will argue with the
instructor about not wearing their goggles during an experiment. The distaste of the safety goggles
typically comes from the comfortability of the goggles (1), and students will remove their goggles as
soon as possible. Once an instructor notices the improper placement of the goggles, the whole lab
hears the loud statement of "PUT ON YOUR GOGGLES PLEASE." The students' spines may
tighten when hearing the reminder several times during a single experiment, but they should not
blame the instructor. Wearing the appropriate eye protection correctly is ... Show more content on
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Sharpless was an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the year
1970. Dr. Sharpless noted that he always wore eye protection in the lab, except for this one
occasion. He was checking on a new student in the graduate program while the student was sealing a
NMR tube. Two major mistakes occurred while aiding the new student. The first mistake was not
looking up how to properly seal the NMR tube, and the second was Dr. Sharpless not wearing his
goggles. While taking the tube out of liquid nitrogen, the solvent inside the tube exploded causing
shards of glass to enter one of Dr. Sharpless's eyes. This lab accident cause Dr. Sharpless to lose his
vision completely in the eye that was impacted by the glass shards. Dr. Sharpless ends his story with
a message for the students who complain about wearing their goggles. This message is "the lesson to
be learned from my experience is straightforward: there's simply never an adequate excuse for not
wearing safety glasses in the laboratory at all times"

Smart Vr : A Virtual Reality Environment For Mathematics,...
Our team of second–year computer science students presents the design for Ryerson Smart VR, a
virtual reality environment for mathematics, engineering, and science. We believe Ryerson Smart
VR will not only help improve the quality of student life here at Ryerson, but also provide a new
and unique sensation at the Digital Media Experience.
Students in math, science, and engineering learn high–level concepts and ideas in class, but rarely
get to see or experience those ideas for themselves. The labs being provided by Ryerson don't
always cover all the material covered in class, due to several factors such as time limits in labs,
costs, or dangers and risks associated with doing the experiments in real life. Our team proposes
Ryerson Smart VR will solve these issues by eliminating the need for real–life equipment. Students
can instead conveniently and safely test theories of math, science, and engineering with their own
senses. This will enhance students' learning, stimulate their curiosity, and increase their confidence
in their fields.
Ryerson students are taking classes that discuss complex ideas, including Linear Algebra, Calculus,
Physics, Biology, and Chemistry, to name a few. They need to understand what the concepts are,
how they work, and what they mean. To help themselves with this, students have the lectures, the
professors, textbooks, YouTube and images. Firstly, lectures are often boring and fail to engage
students, since they usually involve the students

Polymer Reaction Lab
Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to initiate and explore three different polymer
reactions. One was an addition polymer reaction which used a mixing of chemicals and a boiling
process to produce polystyrene. There was also two condensation polymers created, one through
mixing compounds and shaking which is Bakelite, and the other through the careful mixing of
compounds and pulling on the the surface where nylon has been produced.
Experimental
Refer to Chemistry 2513 Lab Manual Introductory Organic Chemistry Part 1 Fall 2014. Look for
this experiment between pages 37–40. Revised by T. Gullon. There was a procedure change which
was that the experiment was done in partners.
Results
Observation of Polymers at Each Stage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reaction that is develops Nylon 6,6 is done in two phases. The amine (1–6–hexanediamine) in
dissolved in water, and diacid chloride (adipropyl chloride) is dissolved in an organic solvent
(sodium hydroxide solution). The two solutions are immiscible which creates an interface between
the two phases, the interface is where the adipropyl chloride and a diamine meet each other, this is
where polymerization occurs. (Nikyl et al, 2012) Bakelite, like Nylon 6, 6, is formed through
condensation polymerization which is caused by the reaction phenol, acetic acid and, formaldehyde.
There is a specific pattern that occurs when the polymer forms this pattern is referred to as a cross–
linked polymer. It is one gigantic 3–dimensional structure that is highly rigid compared to linear
polymers. (Alger, 1997)
Conclusion Through the mixing of compounds and the use of a boiling technique three different
polymers were formed. Polystyrene was formed by additional polymerization. The other two were
formed through condensation polymerization, the difference being that Bakelite had a cross–linked
design occur in the polymerization process, whereas nylon 6, 6 did not.

Whitening Toothpaste Hypothesis
The hypothesis for this experiment would be, if the type of whitening product is altered, will the
whiteness of teeth increase? The idea of this experiment was to see what types or products or
methods help to whiten teeth better and faster than others.This science fair project is interesting to
me because my teeth are never white. I was curious as to which methods of cleaning would succeed
in brightening teeth faster because I may consider the options if I were to use a different whitening
product or method. What I hope to achieve through this project is to put the information out there
about how teeth can be whitened so somebody in need can stumble upon it. The definition of whiten
is to make or become white. If teeth are not whitening, teeth ... Show more content on
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The hypothesis was supported because the whiteness of the teeth did change. The three teeth soaked
in peroxide increased in whiteness by two shades, three shades and two shades again, while the
average was around two point three repeating. The three teeth submerged in the homemade product
which consisted of lemon juice and baking soda, all increased by two shades of brightness every
time. The three teeth in the Crest whitening product increased by two shades, three shades, and three
shades again. The science behind the results of the experiment was mainly about the chemical
reactions we allow to take place on our teeth and in our bodies to make them appear more appealing
to ourselves and other people. Drinks or liquids with acid or sugars quickly break down our teeth's
enamel every single time we drink or consume them. Those acids and sugars sit on the teeth all day
and break down your teeth's precious enamel. Products such as the ones used in the experiment help
to determine what type of chemical reactions people should and should not choose to help break
down stains and spots from teeth to make the teeth appear brighter and more appealing to

Can The Light Of A Glow Stick Be Affected By The...
Melita A. Hoods
Bringing Light
December 12, 2014
Abstract: This experiment was conducted to determine if the light of a glow stick can be affected by
the temperature of water. In this the researcher will try to find what temperature of water makes a
glow stick glow brighter and how long it will stay lit. By proceeding in the experiment, the data
collected proved the hypothesis to be correct. Warmer water caused the glow stick to glow brighter
than it had before. On the other hand, the beaker with colder water made the stick stay lit longer and
the room temperature water didn't affect the glow stick as much. Glow sticks are popular products
that are used for fun and entertainment. Everyone knows what they are. But we really don't know
what they are. Glow sticks are plastic tubes with a glass vial inside. When ... Show more content on
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When the temperature changes so does the results. The blue stick, hot water, stayed lit for 112
minutes (an hour and fifty–two minutes). The green stick, which was room temperature water,
stayed lit for 96 minutes (an hour and thirty–six minutes). And lastly, the pink stick, in cold water,
stayed lit the longest for 122 minutes (two hours and two minutes).
The experiment could have had better results if done with multiple glow sticks. Make sure that the
thermometer is correct in the measurement of the water's temperature. It is important that you get
your data correct.
Conclusion
In the experiment, it was discovered that glow sticks will show more light and glow brighter in
water with higher temperatures than lower or room temperature. The experiment proved that the
hypothesis was correct in saying that warmer temperatures would make a glow stick glow brighter.
Though the hot water made the glow stick brighter and dim faster, the cold water caused the stick to
glow longer, and the room temperature water didn't affect the green glow stick in any significant

Why Is It Important To Make Paper Flammable?
Throughout my experiment, I had several good points or strengths that impacted my experiment.
One of the strengths was my background research because I found out what compounds I could use
to make the paper flammable and what I would need to do to those compounds to make an effective
solution. An example of this is that I discovered that organic compounds like isopropyl alcohol were
flammable and I also discovered through my research that adding water to the solution should make
the paper not burn. Because of that research, I was able to add the correct amount of water to the
solvent to create my solutions so my experiment went to plan. Another strength of my experiment
was that I made sure to have proper precautions to make the experiment safe to do. ... Show more
If I had not had the tongs, I would have been badly burnt and the glass of water was used a few
times when the flame would not burn out during the control which could have started a larger fire or
set off the fire alarm. I think those two strengths are a good representation of well–done parts in my
science fair experiment. A project that I thought was interesting was Amanda Craenenbroeck's
experiment that was titled "Rise of the Brownie". I liked how it closely relates to everyday life and
food, something we all eat and like. It was interesting to me because I enjoy baking but wasn't sure
how significant baking powder was in a

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