Target audience: graduate students and faculty who want to retain their copyright when they publish scholarly, academic journal articles. Covers open access, copyright, Creative Commons licensing, publishing contracts, and more.
2. OVERVIEW
• Publishing Models and
Contracts
– Traditional, hybrid, and
fully open
– Article processing
charges & Libraries’ Go
Open Fund
– Creative Commons
licenses
– Four publishing
contract models
– Keeping your rights
• What Is Open Access?
• Why Open Access?
– Visibility
– Costs to Libraries &
Authors
– Speed
– Funder mandates
– Evolution of your work
• What Is Copyright?
– Copyright 101
– Your rights
– Sharing your work
– Losing your rights
2
3. 3
WHAT IS OPEN ACCESS?
“Open Access is the free, immediate,
online availability of research
articles, coupled with the rights to
use these articles fully in the digital
environment.”
https://sparcopen.org/open-access/
4. 4
WHY OA? VISIBILITY
• Full-text downloads = +89%
• PDF downloads = +42%
• Unique visitors = +23%
• Citations = +18%
• Worldwide reach, even to
Global South
http://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a568; https://peerj.com/preprints/3119/
5. “The more people that can access and
build upon the latest research, the
more valuable that research becomes
and the more likely we are to benefit
as a society. More eyes make for
smaller problems.”
http://sparcopen.org/open-access/
5
6. 6
WHY OA? COSTS TO LIBRARIES
• UTA Libraries e-resources
budget: $5.2 million
• One e-journal cost range:
$1600 to $25,000
• Annual inflation: 5% to 10%
7. WHY OA? COSTS TO AUTHORS
7
Requested Image
Image Reuse Fee: $250
Original Image from
NC Division of Health
Service Regulation
8. 8
WHY OA? SPEED
• Average publication lag of clinical trial
results: 21 months
• OA journals more efficient and faster
http://www.aje.com/en/arc/making-the-choice-open-access-vs-traditional-journals/
9. 9
WHY OA? FUNDER MANDATES
Federal funding agencies (and some private foundations) now
require articles reporting results of funded research to be
publicly accessible within 12 months of publication.
More information here.
11. 11
HOW WILL YOU USE
YOUR WORK?
Idea
Data
Poster
Article
Book
Chapter
Book
More
Articles
LIFE CYCLE OF AN IDEA
12. INABILITY TO PREDICT
EVOLUTION
Stephens-Davidowitz, S. (2014) The
cost of racial animus on a black
candidate: Evidence using Google
search data. Journal of Public
Economics, 118, 26-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2
014.04.010
12
Fig. 2 from Stephens-Davidowitz. Figure shows search volume for racial epithet
(“n-word”) from 2004 to 2007 at the media market level. Darker areas signify
higher search volume. White areas signify media markets with no data (including
Alaska and Hawaii).
13. Chae, D. H., Clouston, S.,
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Kramer, M.
R., Cooper, H. L. F, . . . Link, B. G.
(2015). Association between an
internet-based measure of area
racism and black mortality. PLOS
ONE, 10(4), e0122963.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pon
e.0122963
13
INABILITY TO PREDICT
EVOLUTION
16. WHEN IS A COPYRIGHT
CREATED?
Created at the
moment the
work is fixed in
a tangible
medium of
expression.
16
17. • Share with colleagues
• Include in a dissertation
or thesis
• Make it available to
your students
• Use parts of it in future
research projects
17
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO
DO WITH YOUR WORK?
18. • Allow colleagues to reuse part of your
work in their research projects
• Post it to a personal or department
website
• Upload it to the ResearchCommons or
another subject specific repository (may
be required if you have external funding)
• Others . . .
18
WHAT ELSE DO YOU WANT
TO DO WITH YOUR WORK?
19. THE RIGHTS PUBLISHERS . . .
Right of first
publication
Reproduction
Distribution
Derivatives
19
Need Want
20. • Publishers ask you to transfer your copyright to
them in written publication contract so they can
license rights back (e.g., reproduction,
derivatives).
• HOWEVER! You can often keep copyright and
license other rights (e.g., first publication) if you
ask!
• Addenda can be added to publication
agreements to negotiate rights retention
20
LOSING YOUR COPYRIGHT
25. Model Type Publisher Examples
Work Made for Hire Washington Post
Copyright Transfer Elsevier Toll Access (subscription)
Exclusive License OA Elsevier Open Access*
Nonexclusive License OA PLOS One
25
FOUR MAIN MODELS
*Title dependent
26. Who owns the
copyright?
Did author
ever own
copyright?
Reuse by
author?
Institutional
Repository
Deposit?
Reuse by
others?
The publisher. No. Not without
permission or a
license.
Not without
permission or a
license.
Not without
permission or a
license.
26
WORKS MADE FOR HIRE:
WASHINGTON POST
27. 27
COPYRIGHT TRANSFER:
ELSEVIER TOLL ACCESS
Who owns the
copyright?
Did author
ever own
copyright?
Reuse by
author?
Institutional
Repository
Deposit?
Reuse by
others?
The publisher. Yes. Not without
permission or a
license.
Not without
permission or a
license.
Not without
permission or a
license.
28. 28
EXCLUSIVE LICENSE OA:
ELSEVIER OPEN ACCESS
Who owns the
copyright?
Did author
ever own
copyright?
Reuse by
author?
Institutional
Repository
Deposit?
Reuse by
others?
The author. Yes. Not without
permission or a
license.
Not without
permission or a
license.
Not without
permission or a
license.
29. 29
NONEXCLUSIVE LICENSE OA:
PLOS ONE
Who owns the
copyright?
Did author
ever own
copyright?
Reuse by
author?
Institutional
Repository
Deposit?
Reuse by
others?
The author Yes Yes Yes Yes
30. 30
Model Who owns
the
copyright?
Did author
ever own
copyright?
Reuse by
author?
Institutional
Repository
Deposit?
Reuse by
others?
Work made
for hire
The
publisher.
No. Not without
permission
or a license.
Not without
permission
or a license.
Not without
permission
or a license.
Copyright
Transfer
The
publisher.
Yes. Not without
permission
or a license.
Not without
permission
or a license.
Not without
permission
or a license.
Exclusive
License OA
The author. Yes. Not without
permission
or a license.
Not without
permission
or a license.
Not without
permission
or a license.
Nonexclusive
License OA
The author. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes.
IN SUMMARY . . .
31. EMBARGO
A period of time
during which
open access to
your work is
restricted
31
33. KEEP YOUR
CONTRACT AND
ANY ADDITIONS
Cautionary tales
• Elsevier Takedown Notices for Faculty Articles on UC Sites (From UC
Office of Scholarly Communication)
• How one publisher is stopping academics from sharing their research
(from Washington Post)
• Publishers take ResearchGate to court, alleging massive copyright
infringement (from Science Magazine)
33
35. QUESTIONS ABOUT
OPEN ACCESS
PUBLISHING?
35
This presentation was based on an original work by Brett Currier,
Digital Scholarship Librarian & Library Manager, Center for the
Advancement of Data Research in Economics, Federal Reserve Bank
of Kansas City, Brett.Currier@kc.frb.org
Contact me
Jody Bailey
Central Library 214A
817-272-7516
jbailey@uta.edu
Editor's Notes
Image on left came from NC Division of Health Service Regulation. It’s a county map that divides people into “health service areas.” https://www2.ncdhhs.gov/dhsr/coneed/staff.html
A university researcher in NC took that original image and made the map on the right by coloring in the health service areas. They took that image and published it in a journal. A colleague down the hall wanted to reuse the image on the left, and the journal wanted $250 for reuse.
65-70% of science authors consider “the speed from acceptance to publication” to be “very important” or “quite important” when deciding which journal to publish in, while approximately 80-85% of these authors believe that “the speed from submission to first decision” plays a “very important” or “quite important” role in their decision of where to publish.
Seth published his dissertation and an article (the citation). He used Google search analytics to find usage of the n-word and overlaid that info with voter precinct data from 2008 election. He wanted to determine whether Obama got more votes because of his race. Seth concluded that he lost 3% of vote because of his race. Places with higher racial slur usage voted less for Obama.
Chae et al. took same data & same research and overlaid that with black mortality rates based on ZIP code. They determined that black Americans who lived in areas with higher racial slur usage were more likely to die earlier. Reason for talking about this: Seth Stephens-Davidowitz is a political scientist and economist and Chae et al. are public health researchers – completely different fields. Seth published openly (dissertation, article, and data), so Chae et al. were able to find it easily. EMPHASIZE IDEA THAT YOU CAN’T PREDICT HOW YOUR RESEARCH WILL BE USED. The idea that “everyone who need to use my research will see it” is no longer valid.
This is what we use when we talk about copyright legally, but it doesn’t have a lot of meaning for most people.
Point here is that this is the way people think about copyright in everyday terms. Note that the symbol is “share alike” from Creative Commons.
Some publishers are now requiring that researchers sign over copyright to software code and data used or gathered in their research.
Publishers only actually NEED right of first publication but they WANT all the other stuff.
Most OA journals ask for a nonexclusive right to publish the article. Many/most popular media ask for rights of first publication (then author can publish a collection of essays from the various media outlets). It’s very common for traditional publishers to allow authors to republish an article verbatim in a thesis or dissertation.
Cost to authors: (1) none; (2) $3000; (3) $2220
Embargo: a period of time during which open access to your work is restricted – you can retain your rights and perhaps be able to put your article in an IR but you may have to wait 6 to 24 months or longer.
Make sure to save your stuff in a place you can always access. In December 2013, Elsevier sent out a bunch of take-down notices for journal articles, and they did not own copyright on many of them.