I. The following paragraph contains sentences that are irrelevant or unnecessary to the main point of the paragraph. The sentences do not support the opening point, and so the paragraphs are not unified. In the interest of paragraph UNITY, such sentences must be omitted. Identify those irrelevant sentences. Why Adults Visit Amusement Parks (1) Adults visit amusement parks for several reasons. (2) For one thing, an amusement park is a place where it is acceptable to "pig-out" on junk food. (3) At the park, everyone is drinking soda and eating popcorn, ice-cream, or hot dogs. (4) No one seems to be on a diet, and so buying all the junk food you can eat is a guilt-free experience. (5) Parks should provide stands where healthier food, such as salads or cold chicken, would be sold. (6) Another reason people visit amusement parks is to prove themselves. (7) They want to visit the park that has the newest, scariest ride in order to say that they went on the Parachute Drop, the seven-story Elevator, the Water Chute, or the Death Slide. (8) Going on a scary ride is a way to feel courageous and adventurous without taking much of a risk. (9) Some rides, however, can be dangerous. (10) Rides that are not properly inspected or maintained have killed people all over the country. (11) A final reason people visit amusement parks is to escape from everyday pressures. (12) When people are poised at the top of a gigantic roller coaster, they are not thinking of bills, work, or personal problems. (13) A scary ride empties the mind of all worries--except making it to the bottom alive. (14) Adults at an amusement park may claim they have come for their children, but they are there for themselves as well. 1) The numbers of the irrelevant sentences are ___ ___ ___  II . Sample Student Essay : All parts of the passage are identified by number. The questions refer to parts of the passage. After the passage are several questions related to the passage. Read each question carefully and choose the ONE best answer. 1 As federal budget deficits have grown in recent years, there have been increasing calls for a constitutional amendment that would require Congress to balance the budget each year. 2 Congress has added only 26 amendments to the Constitution since it was ratified in 1788. 3 Supporters of the amendment contend that federal spending is now out of control. 4 They further insist that there is little likelihood that the budget will be balanced at any point in the foreseeable future. 5 These people argue that legislators invariably find it easier to spend money than raise taxes; they say that Congress will continue to spend unchecked unless it is pressured to do otherwise. 6 If something is not done soon, they warn, such uncontrolled spending will do serious long-term damage to the economy. 7 Although no one defends huge budget deficits, many economists believe that a balanced budget amendment would create mo ...

1. I.
The following paragraph contains sentences that are irrelevant
or unnecessary to the main point of the paragraph. The
sentences do not support the opening point, and so the
paragraphs are not unified. In the interest of paragraph UNITY,
such sentences must be omitted. Identify those irrelevant
sentences.
Why Adults Visit Amusement Parks
(1)
Adults visit amusement parks for several reasons.
(2)
For one thing, an amusement park is a place where it is
acceptable to "pig-out" on junk food.
(3)
At the park, everyone
is drinking soda and eating popcorn, ice-cream, or hot dogs.
(4)
No one seems to be on a diet, and so buying all the junk food
you
can eat is a guilt-free experience.
(5)
Parks should provide
stands where healthier food, such as salads or cold chicken,

2. would be sold.
(6)
Another reason people visit amusement parks is
to prove themselves.
(7)
They want to visit the park that has the
newest, scariest ride in order to say that they went on the
Parachute Drop, the seven-story Elevator, the Water Chute, or
the
Death Slide.
(8)
Going on a scary ride is a way to feel
courageous and adventurous without taking much of a risk.
(9)
Some rides, however, can be dangerous.
(10)
Rides that are not
properly inspected or maintained have killed people all over the
country.
(11)
A final reason people visit amusement parks is to
escape from everyday pressures.
(12)
When people are poised at
the top of a gigantic roller coaster, they are not thinking of

3. bills, work, or personal problems.
(13)
A scary ride empties the
mind of all worries--except making it to the bottom alive.
(14)
Adults at an amusement park may claim they have come for
their
children, but they are there for themselves as well.
1)
The numbers of the irrelevant sentences are
___ ___ ___
II
. Sample Student Essay
: All parts of the passage are identified by number. The
questions refer to parts of the passage. After the passage are
several questions related to the passage. Read each question
carefully and choose the ONE best answer.
1
As federal budget deficits have grown in recent years, there
have been increasing calls for a constitutional amendment that
would require Congress to balance the budget each year.
2
Congress has added only 26 amendments to the Constitution
since it was ratified in 1788.
3
Supporters of the amendment contend that federal spending is
now out of control.
4
They further insist that there is little likelihood that the budget
will be balanced at any point in the foreseeable future.

4. 5
These people argue that legislators invariably find it easier to
spend money than raise taxes; they say that Congress will
continue to spend unchecked unless it is pressured to do
otherwise.
6
If something is not done soon, they warn, such uncontrolled
spending will do serious long-term damage to the economy.
7
Although no one defends huge budget deficits, many economists
believe that a balanced budget amendment would create more
problems than it would solve.
8
For example, such an amendment would prevent Congress from
creating jobs or reducing taxes in response to an economic
slowdown.
9
The result might be a depression comparable to the Great
Depression of the 1930s.
10
These are seriously concerns, and they should be given careful
consideration by anyone who believes that a balanced budget
amendment is a cure-all for the nation's current economic woes.
20.
Which of the sentences, if added between Parts 9 and 10 of the
second paragraph, would be most consistent with the writer's
purpose and intended audience?
A. Does that sound like a very smart idea?
B. Some question the fiscal wisdom of instituting a
macroeconomic policy that reduces the national debt but negates
federal social responsibility.

5. C. Personally, I think a balanced budget amendment would
really help this country by forcing Congress to get its act
together.
D. Other economists worry that a balanced budget amendment
would prompt Congress to shift responsibility for public service
programs to state and local governments that lack the money to
pay for them.
21. Which of the following numbered parts draws attention
away from the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. Part 1
B. Part 2
C. Part 3
D. Part 4
22. Which of the following changes is needed in the above
passage?
A. Part 5: Change "than" to "then."
B. Part 6: Change "soon" to "sooner."
C. Part 7: Change "Although" to "Because."
D. Part 10: Change "seriously" to "serious."
III.
Dangling Modifiers
are words or phrases that do not have a clear term to modify in
a sentence. Often, they can be found at the beginning of
sentences, though they can also appear at a sentence’s end.

6. They frequently include an –ing word (gerund) and to + verb
(infinitive) phrase near the start of a sentence.
Misplaced Modifiers
are words or phrases that do not clearly point to the word or
phrase they modify, in this way obscuring meaning.
Directions:
In the blank beside each sentence, indicate whether that
sentence contains a dangling modifier (DM) or a misplaced
modifier (MM).
23) The car on the bridge which is green is mine. _____
24). Expecting confusion, our plans were made. _____
25). Feeling hot, sweaters were taken off. _____
26). I showed my dog to the veterinarian with the fleas. _____
27). Larry told me he was getting married that afternoon at
night. _____
28). This typewriter is used by a secretary with a wide carriage.
_____