BAU

1. Common surgical affection of mammary
gland:
1. Teat laceration
2. Supernumerary teat
3. Summer mastitis
4. Udder abscess
5. Ischemic teat necrosis
6. Rupture of udder ligaments
(dropped udder)

2. Teat laceration
Classification :
• Simple or complex
• Longitudinal or
transverse
• Proximal or distal
Lacerated teat

3. Etiology:
• Trauma from the patient’s hindfoot
• Trauma by a neighboring cow
• Laceration from barbed wire or other
sharp objects
• Laceration may involve skin only, skin
and stroma or enter the teat cistern

4. Management
Ring block
Mucosa &
submucosa
using simple
continuous
pattern Muscularies &
subcutaneous
with simple
continuous
pattern
Skin with
simple
interrupted

5. Cont…
• Ring block is performed by 2% Lidocaine HCl
• Mucosa and submucosa are first reconstructed using a
simple continuous pattern
• Muscularies and subcutaneous layers are closed with a
simple continuous pattern
• The skin is carefully apposed using simple interrupted
• Care must be taken to leave the skin sutures slightly
loose because swelling is expected at the surgery site
• Throughout the procedure, the surgery site is frequently
lavaged with saline

6. Cont…
• Antibiotic can be added to the lavage solution
• Hemostasis is performed to avoid formation of mural
hematoma that may obstruct the teat cistern
• The skin sure are removed no more than 9 days after
surgery

7. Supernumerary teat
• Supernumerary teats
are congenital condition
• May be found between
the front and rear teats,
and/or attached to the
udder behind the rear
teats or to the base or
side of one of the main
teat
• Shorter than normal teats, and have thinner wall

8. Types

9. Management
• They are normally removed with curved scissors
early in life .Care is necessary to identify the
correct teat
• Supernumerary teat co-joined to a major teat
need to be repaired surgically rather than just
snipped off. The repair should be performed
when they large enough to be manipulated and
then sutured

10. Cont…
Procedure :
• Following routine
preparation, a
fenestrated drape is
placed .
• The supernumerary teat
is excised by scalpel or
scissor under local
anaesthesia.
Excision of supernumerary teat

11. Cont..
• The mucosa of the rudimentary teat should
be closed with fine absorbable suture such as
3-0 or 4-0 catgut.
• The skin and stroma are sutured as a single
layer using interrupted vertical mattress
suture.

12. Summer mastitis
Definition:
This form of mastitis, typically seen in nonlactating cows and
heifers, invariably leads to extensive parenchymal damage
and loss of the quarter.
An infectious condition commonly involving Arcanobacterium
pyogenes and many other possible organisms.
It is transmitted by the sheep head fly, Hydrotaea irritans.
Some cases may occur in lactating cows secondary to teat
sphincter trauma

13. Clinical features:
• This is an endemic form of suppurative mastitis,
with a characteristic foul odor, typically occurs
sporadically in mid–late summer due to vector fly
• Mild cases become only slightly ill, whilst the
more severely affected cows are dull, pyrexic,
and anorexic
• They may abort, or produce weakly calves at
term.
• Acute, untreated cases may die
• Occasionally summer mastitis is seen in a bull or
a young calf

14. Cont…
• In early case, showing
distension of the quarter,
which was typically hard
and sore, with a
prominent, turgid teat.
• In more advanced
cases, the infection may
burst through the udder
Summer mastitis: left hind quarter
and teat thikened in heifer
Sumer mastitis: suppurative mastitis in
dry cow has burst through skin

15. Management:
• Parenteral treatment with antibiotics possibly and
NSAIDs will reduce the systemic effects.
• Local antibiotic treatment of the quarter is rarely
successful.
• Frequent stripping or surgical drainage using a
longitudinal teat incision may prevent udder
abscessation.

16. Control:
• Dry cow therapy with long acting intramammary
antibiotics, internal teat sealants, fly repellents, and
keeping cattle away from known fly areas, or housing
them during the period of risk
• In high-risk areas fly repellents should ideally be
applied to the udder weekly

17. Gangrenous mastitis
Clinical features:
• Skin of gangrenous udder is dry, cracked, and cold
• in less extensive cases the necrotic portion of the udder will
slough and recovery is still possible.
• Advanced gangrene leads to cold, damp teat skin
• the entire udder become blue, edematous, and cold to the
touch.
• The secretion from the udder is a deep port-wine color and
is mixed with gas.
• In cases of nonfatal gangrenous mastitis, the overlying skin
or even the entire affected quarter, sloughs slowly in 1–2
months.

18. Management :
• Surgical debridement
• Antibiotic
• Anti-inflammatory
• Anti-histaminic

19. Management:
• A conservative approach usually is rewarded by eventual
natural rupture and drainage of the abscesses in 2 to 8
weeks
• This is the standard treatment because lancing anything in
the udder cause profuse bleeding due to extensive blood
supply to the entire organ
• Following natural or surgical drainage, the abcess cavity
should be flushed daily with dilute antiseptic and the
drainage hole should be kept open ,because premature
closer allow the abcess to reform

20. Ischemic teat necrosis
Definition:
A superficial
inflammation of the
teat skin, which, in
advanced cases,
causes intense
irritation
Severe Ischemic teat necrosis

21. Management:
• Early cases are treated symptomatically by
topical steroids and emollients, ensuring that
the milking cluster is on for a minimal period.
• NSAIDs can be used if the acute syndrome
starts
• Surgical removal of teat in severe case

22. Rupture of udder ligaments
(dropped udder)
The suspensory
apparatus of the udder
consists of superficial
and deep lateral
ligaments, an anterior
ligament and a
fibroelastic median
ligament. Any can
stretch or rupture.
Dropped udder

23. Clinical feature:
• suddenly developed a grossly
pendulous udder as a result of
sudden rupture of both the
lateral and median suspensory
ligaments of the udder
Mature cow with dropped udder

24. Cont….
• Ventral udder surface is considerably below the
level of the hock
• The outward direction of the teats is a mechanical
result of the loss of the median ligamentous
support of the udder

25. Management:
• Incurable condition
• Moderate cases can often be kept for the remainder
of the lactation, but are best housed in straw yards
rather than cubicles (free stalls)
• Cluster attachment is often difficult due to teat
displacement and the engorged udder