Chemistry O level Syllabus: Chapter on AMMONIA Prepared by: Faiz Abdullah Please download to access the many animations in the powerpoint slides. If you cannot download, please comment below. If you want more slides on O level, AS level and A level or would like me to custom made it for u, please contact me via the following platforms: Email: fazzydoo@gmail.com Facebook: faiz abdullah (see picture) Twitter: @fazzydoo Contact me at +6738239386, Brunei line Thanks

1. AMMONIA
Prepared by: Faiz Abdullah

2. Do you know the chemical formula of
ammonia?
NH3
NH4
NH4
+
NO2
THIS IS
AN AMMONIUM
ION

3. Properties of ammonia
Appearance
Smell
pH
Reactions
Preparation

4. At room temperature and pressure,
Ammonia is a colorless gas
Ammonia has a strong smell

5. Do you still remember??
Acid Base Salt
NH3
Ammonia is a
weak base!

6. Since NH3 is a base…
It is an alkali, because it
can be dissolved in
water
It turns damp litmus paper:
RED  BLUE
It turns a universal
indicator blue  showing
a pH of 13

7. Reactions
Like any alkali, it reacts with AQ metal ions to give
precipitates of metal hydroxides
Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH-  Fe(OH)3 (s)
ANY alkali when dissolved in
water produces OH-

8. How do you get AMMONIA?
1. Ammonium salts react with STRONG alkali
NH4Cl + NaOH NH3 + NaCl + H2O
2. Nitrate ions are reduced by sodium hydroxide (aq) and aluminum metal
NO3
-  NH3

9. How do you get AMMONIA?
3. Haber Process

10. Haber Process
Nitrogen and Hydrogen GASES are reacted together to produce ammonia in a
REVERSIBLE REACTION
N2(g) + 3H2(g) <-> 2NH3(g)
Nitrogen is
obtained from
air!
Hydrogen is obtained from
cracking of petroleum
fractions
Iron catalyst is being used to
speed up reaction

11. Uses of Ammonia
Usually, ammonia is used to manufacture
NITROGEN FERTILIZERS
E.g.
NH3NO3
(NH4)2SO4 Ammonium sulphate
Ammonium Nitrate

12. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in a
fertilizer
Fertilizer
(NH4)2SO4
% nitrogen =
Relative atomic mass of:
H = 1
N = 14
O= 16
S= 32
Sum of R.M.M of formula x100
Sum of R.A.M. nitrogen in formula
132
X 100
= 21.2 %
= (2 x 14)

13. End, now some questions…

14. MCQ

15. 1. What is the source of the hydrogen
used to manufacture ammonia in the
Haber Process?
A. air
B. Haematite
C. Petroleum
D. Water

16. 2. Which statement is true regarding the
reaction in the Haber Process?
A. It is an exothermic reaction
B. The reaction produces an aqueous solution of ammonia
C. A platinum catalyst is used to speed up the reaction
D. The reaction is reversible

17. 3. A high temperature is used in the Haber
Process. Why?
A. To increase the percentage of ammonia
B. To increase the speed of reaction
C. To provide an activation energy for the reaction
D. To ensure the reaction goes completion

18. 4. Is the reaction exothermic or
endothermic for Haber Process?
A. Exothermic
B. Endothermic
C. Both
D. Stop asking me please!

19. 5. Is the forward reaction exothermic or
endothermic for Haber Process?
A. Exothermic
B. Endothermic
C. Both
D. Whatever, any answer I give is wrong anyway

20. 6. The main use of ammonia is the
manufacture of…
A. Paints
B. Nitric Acid
C. Obviously, agricultural fertilizers
D. Window cleaner

21. 7. Ammonia gas is produced when
ammonium salts react with..
A. Strong alkalis
B. Strong Acids
C. metals
D. Carbonates

22. 8. Which fertilizer contains the greatest
percentage by mass of nitrogen?
A. Ca(NO3)2
B. CO(NH2)2
C. NaNO3
D. NH4NO3

23. 9. Which compound will eliminate acid in
the soil but does not react with ammonium
fertilizers?
A. Calcium carbonate
B. Calcium hydroxide
C. Calcium nitrate
D. Calcium oxide

24. Now, do the structured questions