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1.Define the term selectivity permeable 2. A. Name 3 types of passive transport B. Does passive transport require cellular energy (e.g ATP) in order to occur 3.Define diffusion 4. A.Why does cell require substances to diffuse across the plasma membrane? B. Give 2 examples of substances that must diffuse across the plasma membrane. 5. A. Name 5 factors that can affect diffusion across the plasma membrane B. Which molecule would cross the cell membrane more easily- O2 (molecular oxygen) or sodium ions? Why? Pre-Lab: Read the Introduction to this lab below. Complete the Pre-Lab Questions to be turned in at the beginning of your next lab. Living organisms and cells are constantly exchanging materials with their surroundings in order to stay alive. We take in food molecules for energy and building materials for our tissues and organs and eliminate waste. We take in oxygen when we breathe in and eliminate the waste product carbon dioxide when we breathe out. The cells of our body are surrounded by bodily fluids, which are mostly water but also contain many different molecules. So, the cell, like our bodies, must control or regulate what goes in and out. Cells do that by controlling what crosses the cell or plasma membrane. In other words, the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. Once the plasma membrane, they must move through the cytoplasm rapidly enough to allow the cell to function. There are a number of different ways that molecules can cross the selectively permeable plasma membrane, based on the size and the chemical nature of the molecules. Some molecules move by a process called passive transport. Remember that all molecules are constantly moving and the direction of this movement is random; this molecular movement is referred to as Brownian motion. In passive transport, molecules move from high concentration to low concentration Solution 1. Selective permeable mean that a membrane allows only specific molecules to pass through it and do not let others to pass. This can be through active or passive transport. 2. A. Passive transport includes transfer of molecules through the cell membrane without the need of energy. This includes : Osmosis, Diffusion and Facilitated diffusion. B. Passive transport does not require energy as it is down the concentration gradient..

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How is a cell membrane selectively permeable - what permeates and what does not? How is a dialysis membrane selectively permeable - what Dermeates and what does not? Solution The cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable as it allow some substances to enter through while limiting the passage of others. Three ways in which the cell membrane controls the movement of substances is diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport. The cell membrane, or plasma membrane has lipid bilayer with their hydrophobic tails facing each other and their hydrophilic heads in the exterior and interior of the cell membrane. With diffusion, substances such as water, oxygen and carbon dioxide flow from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration. In facilitated diffusion, ions and large molecules pass thru a membrane down their concentration gradients. Active transport require energy to power the pumps that pass substances from one side of the membrane to the other in opposition to their concentration gradients. For example, the sodium- potassium pump pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell using the ATP. This dialysis membrane is selectively permeable regenerated cellulose used to illustrate the principles of osmosis and diffusion. Pores within the membrane allow the passage of water, most ions, and small molecules. High molecular weight debris along with starch, polysaccharides, fats and protein are limited..

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All programming assignments should include the name, or names, of the students. This information should be placed in the introductory comments section. The introductory comments should also contain the purpose of the program. Clear, concise, commenting is an important skill to develop and will be part of the grade for each program. Programs should be submitted via Blackboard as “.cpp” source programs. Each member of a team should submit a copy of the program. The purpose of PSA 7 is practice our programming style and techniques on a fairly simple real world example of an application. PSA7.cpp is a program that analyzes various aspects of the clients at an animal shelter. Your task is to fill in the three routines that provide the necessary information to the main routine. You may not alter the code in main. You must use the interfaces as defined. The first two routines are almost trivial and the only thing that is special about one of them is the need to use a persistent variable. The third one, shotRecord is a bit challenging. You must determine if each animal has had the correct shots. These are for Parvovirus, Rabies, and Bordetella. One confusion factor here is that they could have also received a shot for Leptospirosis; that is not a required shot. Further complicating things is the fact that the only thing that is important is that they received the shot; they may have received their inoculations in differing orders. Programme it using \"CODE::BLOCK and also use the main function below: #include #include #include #include using namespace std; #define numberSpecies 4 #define numberShots 3 enum species {dog, cat, bird, rabbit}; enum shots {Parvovirus, Rabies, Bordetella, Leptospirosis}; string outString; struct animal { string name; unsigned int stay; enum species animalType; enum shots status[numberShots]; }; int displayAnimal(struct animal *animal) { cout << \"Name:\\t\\t\" << animal->name << endl; cout << \"Species:\\t\"; switch (animal->animalType) { case dog: cout << \"Dog\"; break; case cat: cout << \"Cat\"; break; case bird: cout << \"Bird\"; break; case rabbit: cout << \"Rabbit\"; break; default: cout << \"Unknown\"; } cout << endl; cout << \"Length of stay: \" << animal->stay << endl << endl; return 0; } double averageStay(struct animal *animal) { // Your code goes here. // Hint you will need to use a type we have not used before. } int countPopulation(struct animal census[], enum species kindAnimal, unsigned int k) { unsigned int j, animalCount; // Your code goes here. return animalCount; } bool shotRecord(struct animal *animal) { unsigned int temp, m, shot; temp = 0; // Your code goes here. // This is the trickiest one! return (temp == 3) ? true: false; } int main() { #define censusSize 6 struct animal census[censusSize]; census[0].animalType = dog; census[0].name = \"Fred\"; census[0].stay = 13; census[0].status[0] = Rabies; census[0].status[1] = Bordetella; census[0].status[2] = Parvovirus; census[1].animalType = cat; census[.

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Why steroids can cross the cell membrane? Why steroids can cross the cell membrane? Solution Steroids are organic molecules, found in our body in the form of cholesterol, steroid hormones, vitamin D and also in the form of medicinal drugs. The steroids are non-polar and are similar to lipids. These molecules play a very important role in cell membrane stability and also in signal transduction in the body. To carry out the different functions in the body, the steroid molecules must enter the cell and bind to its target receptor and initiate the cascade of cellular response. The cell membrane is made of phospholipids with polar head groups of lipids on the exterior of cell surface and towards the cytosol, and the non-polar chains in the middle. This architecture of the cell membrane allows steroids to cross the cell membrane being lipophilic. The entry of steroids in the cell might take place with the help of receptors or carrier proteins..

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Write a method called uniqueNumbers that takes an int array as parameter, and returns a different int array, which only contains the list of unique numbers in the original array. Hint: Use the isPresent method defined below to accomplish your here is the code we need to add too Solution solution package com.mt.classes; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Lab8e { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] numbers = new int[20]; // Generate random numbers between 0 and 99 and fill up the array for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) { numbers[i] = (int) (Math.random() * 50); } System.out.println(\"The list is:\"); printNumbers(numbers); // Task 1 System.out.println(\"The smallest number in the list is \" + smallestNumber(numbers)); // Task 2 System.out.println(\"The largest number in the list is \" + largestNumber(numbers)); // Task 3 System.out.println(\"The average of numbers in the list is \" + averageOfNumbers(numbers)); // Task 4: Extra Credit. Uncomment the following // two lines if you complete this task. System.out.println(\"The list of unique numbers is:\"); uniqueNumbers(numbers); } private static void uniqueNumbers(int[] numbers) { for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) { boolean isDuplicate = false; for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { if (numbers[i] == numbers[j]) { isDuplicate = true; break; } } if (!isDuplicate) { System.out.print(numbers[i] + \" \"); } } } public static void printNumbers(int[] list) { for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { System.out.print(list[i] + \" \"); } System.out.println(); } // 1. Write a method called smallestNumber that // takes an int array as parameter, and returns the // smallest number public static int smallestNumber(int[] list) { int small = 100; for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { if (list[i] < small) { small = list[i]; } } return small; } // 2. Write a method called largestNumber that // takes an int array as parameter, and returns the // largest number public static int largestNumber(int[] list) { int large = 0; for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { if (list[i] > large) { large = list[i]; } } return large; } // 3. Write a method called averageOfNumbers that // takes an int array as parameter, and returns the // average of the numbers public static double averageOfNumbers(int[] list) { double average = 0.0; for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { average = average + list[i]; } average = average / list.length; return average; } public static boolean isPresent(int[] list, int target) { boolean found = false; for (int i = 0; i < list.length && !found && list[i] != 0; i++) { if (list[i] == target) { found = true; } } return found; } } output The list is: 16 14 11 31 7 8 18 49 27 43 9 39 38 18 6 16 8 30 32 15 The smallest number in the list is 6 The largest number in the list is 49 The average of numbers in the list is 21.75 The list of unique numbers is: 16 14 11 31 7 8 18 49 27 43 9 39 38 6 30 32 15.

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Why is “Profit” a problematic target? Please consider in your answer different types of profit, the possible differences between profit and turnover (=sales) as a measure and also the definitions and meaning of profit/capital ratio(s). Solution \"Profit\" is a problematic target because it includes wide range of emotions and and issues among respondents i.e. they ranged acceptable profit to profit effect on decision making and future variability of capitalization. in same way today\'s cash is driven by yesterday;s decision making on pricing. Profit is the difference between income a business generates and expenses incurred in business running. Types of Profit - 1. Gross Profit - Gross profit is difference between all sales of the company and cost of producing the products for a company. this mainly used by company officials when making decision about pricing and what material to be used in manufacturing part of business. 2. Net Profit - Net profit subtracts all of the expenses of company from its gross sales. The net profit is and indicator that how business performing over the time. 3. Net Profit after Interest and Tax - Net profit of a company further reduced when interest and taxes are deducted from profit. 4. Retained Profit - Retained profit is any profit remaining after the shareholders receive their dividends.most of the time this funds will reinvested in company. Differences between profit and turnover - Turnover is net sales generated by firm while profit is earning of a firm after all expenses have been charged against net sales.Thus Turnover and Profit is beginning and ending points of the income statements. A difference between turnover and profit is that a rising in turnover may be a sign that business is growing but profit is and indicator of health of business. The definitions and meaning of profit/capital ratio - Profit capital ratio expressed as percentage, complements ratio by add a company\'s debt liabilities, or funded debt, to equity to reflect company\'s total capital. This ratio measures narrow focus to gain a better understanding of company\'s ability to generate returns from available sources..

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The insatiable demand for everything wireless, video, and Web-enabled everywhere will be the driving force behind developments in telecommunications, networking, and computing technologies for the foreseeable future. Do you agree or disagree? Why Solution There is undoubtedly the insatiable demand for everything wireless is a growth area. This making is called internet generation since internet has got lots of control over our existence. All we do, internet has got more to do with it. We converse study, work and learn during internet so internet has been an essential part of our life. Growth of telecommunications was occurring far before the development of internet; however internet has assisted in bringing the one form of telecommunications into more than a few forms. The enlargement of telecommunications and its fame has lot to do by internet. Internet completes the telecommunication procedure much easier and earlier. As it attaches a system with another system, Network is in addition a form of internet, we name it intranets. Internet was developed in 90s and that is the period since when information technology has been getting expanded in a faster speed. Internet has been the catalyst for the act and development as well as exactness, growth and fame of telecommunications, networking and information technologies consequently I think its praiseworthy to say that as of internet, development of telecommunications, networks and other information technologies get the speed..

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Select all of the following that are true regarding evolution. Although not all transitional organsisms have been preserved, scientists have unearthed many, including the tiktaalik. Evolution is a theory about how life originated Complex human structures did not evolves as a single functioning unit, but slowly over millions of years, piece by piece. Evolution is a theory or a well-established and accepted scientific model that is based on extensive experimentation and observation. Mutations that cause variation originate spontaneously by chance, but natural selections drives evolution and is not random. Evolution is both observable and testable; populations have been observed evolving in the laboratory and in the field. Evolution is a theory about how the diversity of life emerged after life originated. Human traits are too complex to have originated by random chance. Evolution is not observable or testable. Evolution is just a theory and therefore does not have much evidence to support it. There are no transitional fossils. Solution Following are the true statements regarding Evolution.

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Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Graph ear Reture Period torm Duration (minutes 3. The Village of Aurora was never flooded before the Year 2016. Ever since a new development in the neighboring city, the area started to experience the flood in 2017. An investigation was launched and found that the new development was the cause of the flood for the downstream area including the Aurora Village. What measures can be applied to mitigate the flood for the downstream area? Solution The major development project which causes the flooding of the down stream areas are dams, dams have both advantages and disadvantages in their own way, compared to the disadvantages the advantages are more when compared in the long run, one of the major problem is flooding of villages in the down stream areas and a lot of ecosystem is submerged while construction of the dam, the following measures can be taken to prevent the flooding of areas in the down stream: 1. Design the dam in such a way that there would be minimum impact on the environment and the population living nearby 2. If the soil is not fertile, then stabilize the soil if not done the erosion takes place 3. Remeandering of rivers is to be done so that they are in their natural course itself 4. Provide more reservouir for storing of water 5. Provide an alarming system for reducing of impact on the surrounding population 6. Provide sufficient number of crest gates to control the flow in case of floods 7. Construct the buildings above the ground level in flood prone areas, so that the houses will not be damaged The above measures would be sufficient enough to diminish the effect of flood in a given area..

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Quality software project management How are tasks, activities, and phases most typically related to each other with respect to a project? chapter 1 Solution Answer :- Software Project Management : Tasks : The during the development phase, everything that will be needed to implement the project is arranged. Potential suppliers or subcontractors are brought in, a schedule is made, materials and tools are ordered, instructions are given to the personnel and so forth. The development phase is complete when implementation is ready to start. All matters must be clear for the parties that will carry out the implementation Activitie : An activity is a major unit of work to be completed in achieving the objectives of a process. An activity has precise starting and ending dates, incorporates a set of tasks to be completed, consumes resources, and results in work products. An activity may have a precedence relationship with other activities. For example, finish-to-start, start-to-start, finish-to-finish . Phases : The 5 Phases of a Project : 1) Project Initiation Phase : A project is formally started, named and defined at a broad level during this phase. Project sponsors and other important stakeholders due diligently decide whether or not to commit to a project. Depending on the nature of the project, feasibility studies are conducted. Or, as it may require, in an IT project – requirement gathering and analysis are performed in this phase. In the construction industry a project charter is completed in this phase. 2) Project Planning Phase : A project management plan is developed comprehensively of individual plans for – cost, scope, duration, quality, communication, risk and resources. Some of the important activities that mark this phase are -making WBS, development of schedule, milestone charts, GANTT charts, estimating and reserving resources, planning dates and modes of communication with stakeholders based on milestones, deadlines and important deliveries. A plan for managing identified and unidentified risks is determined as this may affect aspects of a project later on. Risk management planning includes: risk identification and analysis, risk mitigation approaches, and risk response planning. 3) Project Execution Phase : A project deliverable is developed and completed, adhering to a mapped-out plan. A lot of tasks during this phase capture project metrics through tasks like status meetings and project status updates, other status reports, human resource needs and performance reports. An important phase as it will help you understand whether your project will be a success or failure. 4) Project Monitoring and Control Phase : Project Monitoring and Control Phase occurring at the same time as the execution phase, this one mostly deals with measuring the project performance and progression in accordance to the project plan. Scope verification and control occur to check and monitor for scope creep, change control to track and manage changes to proje.

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