What are the major terrestrial adaptations of plants? 1- List the FOUR major challenges plants encountered as they evolved on to land. 2- Next to each challenge, provide at least ONE (or more) example(s) of an adaptation that meets that challenge. Refer to Ch 17, Section 17.1 (pp 342-43) Follow format below: Challenge 1- Adaptation(s) Challenge 2- Adaptation(s) Challenge 3- Adaptation(s) Challenge 4- Adaptation(s) Solution the four major challenges observed in all terrestrial plants include the following. there is an alternation of generations, a sporangium formation is seen, a gametangium giving rise to haploid cells, Apical meristem tissue which develops from roots and shoots. challenge 1- Alternation of generations: Ferns reproduce using alteration of generations. it is a diploid sporophyte and by meiosis produces single-celled haploid spores which are dispersed by air, wind or floating water. after the spore reaches appropriate conditions, it will germinate and form prothallus which carries out sexual reproduction forming a sporophyte. challenge 2- Sporangia in the Seedless Plants: sporophytes of seedless plants are diploid and are a result of syngamy or fusion of 2 gametes. sporophyte contains sporangia which are a reproductive sac containing spores. inside the sporangia, diploid sporocytes or mother cells produce haploids by meiosis thereby reducing chromosome number from 2n to n. These spores get dispersed in the environment. ferns, mosses are one such challenge 3- Gametangia in the Seedless Plants: seedless plants produce sperm with flagella and swim into a moist environment to the archegonia which are the female gametangium. later, the embryo develops inside as sporophyte. Liverwort plants are one example for such adaptation. challenge 4- Apical Meristems: by rapid cell division in the tissues, the length of roots and shoots increases which give rise to apical meristem. it is a small zone of cells present at the shoot tip or root tip. Elongation of these shoots and roots helps the plants to access additional use natural resources such as light by shoots and water by roots. Apple seedlings are examples where apical meristems give rise to new shoots and root growth.

1. What are the major terrestrial adaptations of plants?
1- List the FOUR major challenges plants encountered as they evolved on to land.
2- Next to each challenge, provide at least ONE (or more) example(s) of an adaptation that meets
that challenge. Refer to Ch 17, Section 17.1 (pp 342-43)
Follow format below:
Challenge 1- Adaptation(s)
Challenge 2- Adaptation(s)
Challenge 3- Adaptation(s)
Challenge 4- Adaptation(s)
Solution
the four major challenges observed in all terrestrial plants include the following.
there is an alternation of generations,
a sporangium formation is seen,
a gametangium giving rise to haploid cells,
Apical meristem tissue which develops from roots and shoots.
challenge 1- Alternation of generations: Ferns reproduce using alteration of generations. it is a
diploid sporophyte and by meiosis produces single-celled haploid spores which are dispersed by
air, wind or floating water. after the spore reaches appropriate conditions, it will germinate and
form prothallus which carries out sexual reproduction forming a sporophyte.
challenge 2- Sporangia in the Seedless Plants: sporophytes of seedless plants are diploid and are
a result of syngamy or fusion of 2 gametes. sporophyte contains sporangia which are a
reproductive sac containing spores. inside the sporangia, diploid sporocytes or mother cells
produce haploids by meiosis thereby reducing chromosome number from 2n to n. These spores
get dispersed in the environment. ferns, mosses are one such
challenge 3- Gametangia in the Seedless Plants: seedless plants produce sperm with flagella and
swim into a moist environment to the archegonia which are the female gametangium. later, the
embryo develops inside as sporophyte. Liverwort plants are one example for such adaptation.
challenge 4- Apical Meristems: by rapid cell division in the tissues, the length of roots and
shoots increases which give rise to apical meristem. it is a small zone of cells present at the shoot
tip or root tip. Elongation of these shoots and roots helps the plants to access additional use
natural resources such as light by shoots and water by roots. Apple seedlings are examples where
apical meristems give rise to new shoots and root growth