What Is Meant by Saying That Accounting Information Should...
"The Framework states that the objective of financial statements is to provide information about the
financial position, performance and changes in financial position of an entity that is useful to a wide
range of users in making economic decisions."
What is meant by saying that accounting information should be ‘decision useful'?
As stated in the AASB Framework, financial statements play an utmost important role to a variety of
users, which mainly consist of the investors, employees, lenders, suppliers and other trade creditors,
customers, governments and their agencies, as well as the public, in making vital financial decisions.
For accounting information to be ‘decision useful' to this groups of people, the financial
information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
64).
Lenders are only willing to fund loans when they have the knowledge that there is an ability to repay
this principal debt at the end of the specific period and make interest payments periodically as they
fall due. As the lenders, such as the banks, are concerned with earning returns and for a secured
investment, they will in particularly look at the amount of assets – cash and those that will soon be
converted to cash, and to "compare it against the liabilities falling due in the future" ( Kloot et al.,
1992, p. 28). For a ‘protection buffer' for the bank should there be any losses in the entity that
borrows, the bank will notice the amount of ownership capital (Kloot et al., 1992).
Suppliers and other trade creditors use the financial information to rate the ability to achieve their
objectives of maximising the ‘rate of return on funds supplied' (Whittred et al, 2004). Thus, they
will be interested in reports that show the ability to pay for the liabilities as they fall due, just as how
lenders will search for these specific information. Governments and their agencies is another
specific group of users interested in abstracting information with a different objective of monitoring
and regulating an entity's activities, performance and profits, since this will affect the nation's
employment level and aids in determining the taxation policies they should be implementing to best
suit the given situation.
There has to be
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Boston Beer Company
The Boston Beer Company
The Boston Beer Company, Inc. produces and sells low alcohol beverages primarily in the domestic
market, and in certain selected international markets under the trade mark names "The Boston Beer
Company," "Twisted Tea Brewing Company" and "HardCore Cider Company." The Boston Beer
Company is mostly known for producing Sam Adams, Sam Adams Light and other various styles of
craft beer. In my research, the ratios from chapters 16 and 17 that I could compute was the working
capital, current ratio, acid–test ratio, inventory turnover ratio with the average sales period, and the
debt to equity ratio.
Starting with the working capital, in 2005 the total was $60,450 and 2006 totaled $79,692. Working
capital is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was due to an 18.2% increase in shipment volume and a 1.3% increase in net revenue per
barrel. Volume increased by .2 million barrels to 1.6 million barrels for the year ended December 30,
2006 as compared to 1.4 million barrels for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase in
volume was a result of increases in the Samuel Adams brand family and the Twisted Tea brand
family. Gross profit in 2005 was at $103.72 (59.4%) per barrel at year end and in 2006 it fell to
$101.91 (57.6%) per barrel. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to an increase in cost of
goods sold, as to compared to the prior year which was partially offset by price increases. Cost of
goods sold increased to $75.16 per barrel for the year ended December 30, 2006 as to the previous
year which was $70.99. The increase was caused by higher packaging material and supply chain
cost, as well as shifts in the product and package mix. In conclusion, 2007 shipments and orders–in–
hand suggest that core shipments for the first fiscal quarter are up approximately 23% as compared
to the same quarter in 2006. The Boston Beer Company 's 2007 plan calls for depletion growth in
the double digits, which is slightly lower than 2006 trends. However, the company 's pricing plan
includes a 3% increase which should be attainable given the

My Options For Clearing Debt
Your Options for Clearing Debt
Debt is something most of us will experience at one point or another in our lives, but very few of us
actually discuss. Not only is it sometimes difficult to admit (to others and to yourself) that you 've
fallen into debt, but it 's a topic that few of us are actually qualified to talk about impartially. It 's
also something that 's very specific, and will differ greatly from person to person, so here, instead of
seeking to answer all the questions, we 've instead decided to offer some more general advice. These
are some of the general options you might want to consider if you are dealing with debt and are
struggling to understand what your next step should be. Note, however, that before you go through
with any of the options listed below, you 'll want to open a dialogue with your creditor and see if
you can reach an agreement with them directly.
Debt Management Plan (DMP) – As the name suggests, a DMP is effectively a plan setup with a
provider that will take all of your disparate debts and compile them into one, simple monthly
payment. This is particularly helpful if you have managed to build up a lot of smaller debts (credit
cards, overdrafts, etc) and want to keep them organised in one place so you don 't forget about them.
You 'd be surprised how often that happens! You can set up a DMP either with your existing
creditors, or with a third party firm, but whomever you use, there will be setup and handling fees to
consider. As previously

Are You Considering Applying For An Iva?
Are you considering applying for an IVA?
This guide weighs up the pros & cons so you can make an informed decision about whether an IVA
is the right debt solution for you.
If you want to know more about IVAs, or would like to discuss your options for FREE with one of
our debt advisers, please don't hesitate to call using our freephone number 0800 280 2816.
GET ADVICE NOW
Advantages of an IVA
It is affordable: Monthly IVA payments are calculated based on what you can reasonably afford,
whilst still maintaining a comfortable lifestyle. Moreover, as part of your IVA, all your unsecured
debts (with interest and charges frozen) are put into one affordable monthly total payment, so you
don't have to worry about your debts increasing.
It is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legal action is stopped: Once you enter into an IVA, your unsecured creditors can't take any further
legal action against you. This protects you from bankruptcy as long as you adhere to the terms of
your IVA.
Your home is safe: An IVA won't normally affect your home, so as long as you maintain your
mortgage payments, you won't have to sell your home. It is very rare that creditors will ask you to
sell your home, and if they do, you have the opportunity to reject this clause and not proceed with
the IVA proposal.
You pay something back: An IVA allows you to repay more of your debts to your creditors than if
you were to go bankrupt.
Become debt–free quicker: An IVA is one of the fastest ways to clear your debts. IVAs usually last 5
years – however this could be extended by a further 12 months if you can't release equity from your
property. At the end of this period, the rest of your debts are completely written off.
Keep your vehicle: You will normally be able to keep your vehicle during an IVA. As long as you
need the vehicle (for work, or for generally getting around) it is unlikely that a creditor will ask you
to get rid of it. However, if they do, you can simply reject their stipulation and not proceed with the
IVA proposal.
IVAs have a great deal of flexibility: If your financial circumstances change, you can request a
'payment break' of up to six months, or ask for a 15% payment reduction. So, if you lose your job or
find yourself in a difficult

Personal Bankruptcy Case
If you are planning to file a personal bankruptcy case, you should understand that the law requires
you to treat all of your creditors similarly according to the type of debt they hold. The law prohibits
you from "preferring" one creditor over the others.
If a debtor makes a payment to a creditor shortly prior to the petition date, the law presumes that it
was a preferential payment. If a payment is proven to be a preference, the law allows the trustee the
authority to recover the money paid by the debtor directly from the creditor that received the
payment.
Pursuant to 11 USC §547, a preferential payment occurs when:
a debtor that is insolvent transfers assets to a creditor valued in excess of $600 for a past debt
the creditor obtains more than it would have in a Chapter 7 filing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The main consequence of making a preferential payment is that the trustee is allowed to take action
to recoup the funds or property that was transferred on behalf of the bankruptcy estate and the other
creditors.
A creditor that has received an alleged preferential payment has certain defenses available to it to
challenge the presumption that the payment was a preference. Pursuant to 11 U.S.C. 547(c), the
defenses available to the creditor include:
concurrent trades for new value given
payments made in the "ordinary course of business" or made pursuant to "ordinary business terms"
new value is brought to the debtor by security interests that secure

Bankruptcy Chapter 7
Chapter 7 bankruptcy: the bankruptcy in chapter seven is known as a liquidation process. This
process is used when a corporation basically has no other alternatives in saving the corporation and
has the ability to attain the essential creditor settlement. All of the corporation's possessions have to
be vended for their palpable value. There has been over a numerous amount of corporations who
have declared bankruptcy on a yearly basis. Chapter 9 bankruptcy: this bankruptcy applies to all the
cities in all areas. The biggest city to ever announce bankruptcy is Detroit, Michigan. However,
there have been others such as: Stockton, California, and lastly, Birmingham, Alabama. Chapter 11
bankruptcy: this bankruptcy means that corporations are able

Social Performance, Part 1 Essay
Assignment 1: Social Performance, Part 1
Strayer University
Instructor Dr. Kenneth Elliott
Business and Society – BUS 475
January 30, 2013
Describe your company and analyze the various primary and secondary stakeholder groups, their
roles, and relationships.
My company is medium–sized debt collection company named Evergreen Portfolio Management
(EPM). The organization has several areas of specialty that focus on buying debt portfolios in bulk
from first party creditors as well as acts as a servicer for larger companies and municipalities who
may be unable to devote staff to collection efforts of default clients. The stigma of debt collection is
not lost on the me as the CEO so I have decided to rebrand the company to align ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The relationship between the company and the government is through regulatory requirements,
labor standards and human rights. Their role is to provide guidance of legal expectations for the
company to operate within. They control policies, laws, and/or funding resources. If we act in a
sociably responsible manner and act in accordance with laws placed on financial institutions, they
will not have to take legal action against the company which results in court fees, state and federal
fines. The relationship between the company and the debtors manifest through cost and fees passed
down to them. Their role is fundamental because the revenue for the company is based on their
ability and willingness to pay for the debt amassed by them over a period of time. How well the
company does directly impacts the options we are able to afford the debtors for repayment on their
account. Bad investment or reputation impact us financially through loss of creditor contractors and
investors which means we would no longer be able to offer them low to zero interest on repayment
of their debt because we need to collect as much money possible. The relationship between local
retail merchants and money lending institutions is twofold, our initiative affords debtors to become
more financial aware and responsible so they have the

Unit 5 Business Accounting
JACK BLACKMORE
BLA14248050
BTEC EXTENDED DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS
UNIT 5: BUSINESS ACCOUNTING
KAREN DIXON
Introduction:
This report will entail whether or not it is a good idea for Erika Knolls to invest in Tesco. As a
financial adviser I shall use ratio analysis to make a recommendation and support my decisions on
whether Tesco will be a good beneficial long term investment.
Ratio analysis will be used to measure the profitability, liquidity and efficiency of the named
business and to analyse the performance of the business using ratio analysis.
I will then evaluate the financial performance and position of a business using ratio analysis.
Ratio analysis:
Ratio analysis measures how well a business is doing, also allow it to compare ... Show more
In 2013 Tesco's gross profit percentage in sales was at a high of 8.44% however come 2014 it has
dropped by 2.13% leaving it at 6.31% in 2014. This goes the same for the net

Cn Asia Corporation Berhad Financial Statement
Based on the graph above, inventory holding period of CN Asia Corporation Berhad slightly
increased from 91.28 days in 2014 to 98.97 days in 2015 and drop rapidly to 73.64 days in 2016.
Thus, it shows that year 2016 is better than year 2014 and 2015 as the year of 2016 has the lowest
inventory holding period ratio. It indicates that the company holds their inventory for 73.64 days
before selling it to the customers. So, it demonstrates that CN Asia Corporation Berhad managed
their inventories efficiently in year 2016 compared to year 2014 and year 2015. Furthermore, it
depicted that the company has fast growth of sales in 2016 compared to other years, which is RM
18,745,524.
To be detailed, the reason why CN Asia Corporation Berhad took almost 91–98 days to sell their
stock in year 2014 and 2015 is due to the overspending of raw material and overstock of work in
progress inventory by the company. As shown in the notes of financial statement, the company
spend almost RM 215,208 in 2014 more than 2015 and 2016. This has forced the company to store
non–saleable inventory. So, the longer the company keep the stock, the longer the company's cash
cannot be used for other operation as the money ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In year 2016, CN Asia Corporation Berhad had only RM 1,083,302 of trade receivables compared to
other years. So, the company can easily controlled their trade debtors. On top of that, CN Asia
Corporation Berhad might be implemented cash sales rather than credit sales in the year of 2016 in
order to get fund to finance their operation. Other than that, the company also set up a longer credit
terms which are up to 60 days and some credit terms that were accessed & approved on a case to
case basis. This will triggered the customers to delay their payment to the company. Overall, CN
Asia Corporation Berhad was getting better in managing and collecting their trade

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Discharge Analysis
Like many people in the state of Tennessee, you may have considered declaring Chapter 7
bankruptcy. Through this option, a number of your debts may be discharged, which can help you to
regain control of your finances. At Rothschild & Ausbrooks, PLLC, we are often asked about how
debts are handled in Chapter 7 bankruptcies. In this post, we will discuss which debts may be
discharged in this type of filing. After filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, some of your debts may be
paid using the proceeds from your liquidated non–exempt assets. Other debts may be discharged.
According to the U.S. Courts, you are released from your personal liability for such debts through a
bankruptcy discharge. This means that you are no longer responsible for paying these

Trust Deed : Is The Right Solution For You?
Trust Deed Pros & Cons
Think a Trust Deed might be the right solution for you?
If you're considering a Trust Deed, you can read about the pros and cons of this debt solution below.
If you have any questions about Trust Deeds, or if you want advice about what help might be
available for you, please get in touch with our friendly debt advisers.
You can call us FREE on 0800 280 2816, or use the 'Get advice now' button below to request a
callback.
GET ADVICE NOW
Advantages of a Trust Deed
One single affordable payment
You make one single affordable payment every month, and this will cover your creditor repayments
and any fees relating to the Trust Deed process. Rather than making multiple debt repayments, it's
much easier to focus on one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legal action is stopped
If you apply for a Protected Trust Deed and your creditors approve it, they won't be able to take any
further legal action against you. You will also be protected from sequestration with a Protected Trust
Deed.
Your Trustee will handle everything
Your debt adviser will help you every step of the way throughout your Trust Deed application
process – and once it has been accepted, your Trustee will manage all creditor communication for
you. This takes away a great deal of pressure from you.
Frozen interest and charges
You make a commitment to pay an affordable monthly sum, and by law your unsecured creditors are
not permitted to add further interest or charges to your debt.
Your home
When you initially propose a Trust Deed you will already know how any equity in your home will
be handled. Normally, Trust Deeds are a way to avoid selling your home (unlike sequestration).
Flexibility
If you experience a genuine change in circumstances (for example if you lose your job), it is
possible to apply to reduce your monthly Trust Deed payments to a level you can afford.

Continuing to trade
If you run your own business, you are more likely to be able to continue to trade in a Trust Deed
than if you apply for sequestration.
Discharge from debts
As long as you keep to all the terms of your Trust Deed,

Bankruptcy: Chapter 13 Cases
Trustee asks questions to determine whether there is property available for sale in order to satisfy all
or a portion of your debt. If your property is exempt, then the Trustee cannot sell any of your
property. In a Chapter 13 Case, the Trustee asks questions to determine whether the monthly
payment that you and your attorney have proposed is sufficient to pay each type of creditor the
amount required under the Bankruptcy Code. Each type of creditor may be treated differently, and
some creditors may not receive any money during the entire term of your Chapter 13 Case,
depending upon your unique circumstances.
If I file bankruptcy, won't my credit be messed up for 10 years?
Bankruptcy is allowed to remain on your credit report for up

Chapter 13 Debt And Bankruptcy
After reading a few scriptures, I believe the Lords words do not exactly forbid or approve anyone
filing bankruptcy or even going to debt. Reading about bankruptcy and the different chapters,
chapter 13 debt
adjustment and repayment of consumer debt (Melvin, 2015) seems suitable for Carl's case. I feel
that he his way into deep in his debt troubles, from refinancing his house, maxing out his credit card
and failing to pay his
mortgage.Therefore, I would advise Carl to file bankruptcy; from there the law will be able to
provide him a repayment plan. "Give to everyone what you owe them: If you owe taxes, pay taxes;
if revenue, then revenue; if
respect, then respect; if honor, then honor."(Romans 13:7, NIV). In some cases, unforeseen events

Why Creditors Do Their Jobs Is Trouble For You Essay
Americans are carrying over $900 billion in credit card debt according to the Federal Reserve. With
approximately 56% of the people carrying credit card debt admitting to having past due balances
over the prior 12 month period, it's safe to assume that creditors have been busy working with
borrowers to collect money. If you are part of this group of borrowers, you might be feeling the
stress and strain that comes from dealing with debt issues.
Why Creditors Doing Their Jobs is Trouble for You
If you are honest, you would have to admit that creditors have the right to use any means necessary,
short of harassment, to collect monies owed them. Of course, that leaves you as the target of their
actions, which isn't a good position in which to find yourself. If you are struggling to find ways to
handle your debt, you are left with the task of trying to figure out how to proceed. One thing you
might try is appealing directly to your creditors for some extra time, debt relief of better terms. That
said, they are under no legal or moral obligation to oblige your requests. If you feel you have the
ability to honor at least a good portion of your outstanding unsecured debt, you might need a little
help in dealing with creditors.
Let Rescue One Financial Take the Lead
At Rescue One Financial, they take great pride in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By design, your Rescue One Financial consultant with take the lead and handle the debt payment
process on your behalf. As part of the program's services, they will attempt to negotiate with your
creditors for better interest rates and lower monthly payments under the premise your payments will
be made on a timely basis until the entire balance has been paid off. Without this level of help, it
would be nearly impossible for you to garner these kinds of concessions on your

The Impact Of Limited Liability On The Holding Company And...
The analysis undertaken in this essay will explain the significance of limited liability in respect to
the holding company and its subsidiaries and how creditors are affected by limited liability when
suffered by losses due to unrecoverable debts unless able to prove that the holding company knew of
the subsidiary insolvency. As well we will look at how s588V allows creditors to be able to recover
some of their losses if the courts are able to justify the piercing of the corporate veil of the holding
company by proving that the holding company was aware of the subsidiary's insolvency status this
will allow the subsidiary's liquidator to obtain assets from holding company to fund subsidiary's
liabilities.
A company is a legal personality which 'comes into existence as a body corporate at the beginning
of the day on which it is registered until the company ceases trading. It 'has the legal capacity and
powers of an individual both in and outside this jurisdiction meaning it is considered as a legal
person who is separate from its owners, directors, members, employees and agents and that a
company has its own rights and obligations, able to own and dispose of property, enter into
contracts, able to sue and be sued and has limited liability. Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd is a
leading case demonstrating this legal principle in practice that a company is entitled to be treated as
separate legal entity irrespective if the owners or shareholders are one person or numerous, as

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Analysis
Sometimes, those in Tennessee, and elsewhere, who are facing overwhelming debt, choose to file
for Chapter 13 bankruptcy. In addition to the person filing, there are a number of people involved in
the process, including the bankruptcy trustee. An often–overlooked cog in the bankruptcy wheel,
bankruptcy trustees play an integral role in the implementation and completion of Chapter 13
repayment plans. After a person files a petition for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, the trustee appointed to
the case will hold a meeting of the creditors. During these meetings, a bankruptcy trustee and the
person's creditors will ask him or her questions about the proposed plan's terms and his or her
financial affairs. In some cases, people may choose to consult with

Advantages Of Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
Like many in Davidson, and throughout Tennessee, who are struggling with debt, you may have
considered filing for bankruptcy. While Chapter 7 is the most common type of filing, it is not
necessarily suited for every situation. As such, it may help to understand the advantages and
downsides of filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy in order to determine if it is the right option for your
circumstances.
There are a number of advantages to declaring Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The Chapter 7 bankruptcy
process is much shorter than other options. As such, you will be able to begin re–establishing your
credit much sooner. Through this type of filing, much of your qualifying debt will be discharged.
This not only stops creditor harassment, but also enables you to

Bankruptcy: Frightening Reality Essay
Since the 1960s, personal bankruptcy has often served as a refuge for the young and struggling.
Bankruptcy lawyers say younger and less–educated people tended to rack up too much debt while
starting families and jobs, without a savings cushion to carry them through lean times. That's
changing, as personal bankruptcy filings hit all–time highs. Last year, there were more than 1.6
million such filings, nearly twice as many as a decade earlier. Some experts say much of the
increase is being driven by older people, many with decades of work experience in white–collar
jobs. In 2001, per capita filings by people ages 45 to 54 increased 58% from a decade earlier,
according to one study. Bankruptcy is a legal proceeding that allows a person who ... Show more
In recent years, Congress has gotten close to passing legislation that would make it harder for many
individuals to file bankruptcy, but those efforts have failed. The increase in middle–age people filing
for bankruptcy is also attributed to soaring medical costs, an unstable job market and years of
aggressive credit–card marketing. The number of credit–card solicitations in the U.S. grew to 4.29
billion in 2003, from 1.52 billion a decade earlier. Last year, revolving consumer debt totaled more
than $734.1 billion, compared with $238.6 billion in 1990. In recent years, the credit–card industry
has grown increasingly aggressive in raising interest rates for certain consumers. Interest rates can
go up when a person's payments are late, or when total debt gets too high. So basically, experts say
an increase in bankruptcy filings is due to more filings from older people; the trend reflects soaring
medical costs, an unstable job market and aggressive marketing by credit–card companies; and the
positive side of filing for bankruptcy is that a bankruptcy filing allows a debtor time to negotiate a
plan to pay off creditors.
My Two Internet Sources:
Watch Your Debt – Wall Street Journal Classroom Edition (February 2004)
http://www.wsjclassroomedition.com/archive/04feb/ymny_creditcheck.htm Is Easy Credit Good for
the Economy? – Wall Street Journal Classroom Edition (November 2003)

Floating Charge Essay
An issue of distinguishing a fixed and a floating charge has considerable significance particularly
for the parties involved in commercial relationships. It follows from the fact that under English law
a fixed charge has a priority over a floating charge that means the former will prevail over the latter
even though the company has granted a floating charge to the creditor prior to the creation of a fixed
security. Another reason is that under the provisions of Insolvency Act 1986 holders of a floating
charge are placed in a less favourable position than the holders of a fixed charge particularly due to
sec. 176 of the Act which prevents the distribution of a certain portion of the company's net property
to the holder of a floating charge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lord Scott in Re Spectrum went further by saying that the first two criteria are not often material for
every floating charge.
When providing the distinction between the above charges the two stage process of legal
characterization developed in Agnew must be applied by the English courts. The object of the first
stage of the process is to ascertain the nature of the rights and obligations which the parties intended
to grant each other in respect of the charged assets. Once these have been ascertained, the Court can
then embark on the second stage of the process, which is one of categorization and designed to
attribute the correct legal label to the package of rights and obligations. Lord Millett's reasoning has
been approved by the House of Lords in Re Spectrum in which emphasis was given to the freedom
of the company to deal with the assets in the ordinary course of business rather than the two first
criteria focusing on the nature of the secured assets.
The breakthrough decision on the distinction of charges over book debts became the Siebe Gorman
case where Slade J held that the restrictions placed on the company's power to deal with the
proceeds of the debts gave the bank a degree of control which was inconsistent with a floating
charge and therefore the debenture given to Barclays was a fixed charge. The case caused a
significant effect to commercial practice as it

Loan Of Bonds And Preferred Stocks Are Considered...
Q2: Owners of bonds and preferred stocks are considered primarily creditors of a business.
However, in some instances they also have the capability of becoming corporate owners.
a.) Converting debt to stock equity
Convertible debt is a form of security, which in most cases issued to start–ups at the time of raising
capital. The seed investor is given a promissory note that contains a conversion feature (Kimmel &
Weygandt 2007). The conversion feature contains a mechanism in which the debt can be converted
into equity at a later date. There are several instances when the debt issued to a company by an
investor can be converted into equity. Some of them include;
Qualified financing– most of the promissory notes issued to a startup investor ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These triggers can be an event or a set of events, a revenue threshold, a business milestone or any
other financing threshold. Mostly a financing event is the most preferred one.
b.) Differences between preferred stock and bonds.
A preferred stock is a form of special equity ownership. They are commonly considered a form of
investment that occurs somewhere between common shares and bonds. Bonds, on the other hand,
are a form of the debt issue. Despite the two having numerous similarities, preferred stock has a
tendency to be riskier than bonds, but they attract higher yields (Kimmel & Weygandt 2007). In an
instance a company has gone bankrupt bonds take preference over preferred stock when receiving
payments from liquidation process. To protect from market anxiety that come with bonds and
preferred stock it is advisable that they invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities can
provide income like a bond, have potential for growth based on the conversion option. Investing in
such is a sure way that an investor will not lose their investments in a volatile risk.
c.) Advantages of Tax exempt bonds to both issuer and holder
Tax–exempt bonds offer great advantages to both the bond issuer and bondholder.
For the bondholder:
Keep most of interest income – the main advantage of tax–exempt bonds is that the investor gets to
keep most the returns due to the exemption. The fact is that one does not have to pay tax on the
interest income (Melville, 2013).
Low

Debtors and Creditors
Debtors and Creditors
The famous author and playwright, Thomas Dekker was lucky enough to work with some of the
most popular and well–respected writers of his time that includes the name of Ben Johnson.
Nonetheless, irrespective of the number of plays that he did, mostly in collaboration with others, he
was always confronted with legal issues pertaining to financial matters. He was also imprisoned and
that too more than once. He was imprisoned for more than three years for the first time (Bellinger
240). Yet again, he found himself in debt of forty pounds in the year 1612 for which he was sent to
King's Bench Prison for almost seven years. Because he was imprisoned for indebt issues, he
developed negative feelings against the attitude of the king towards the people who were not able to
pay their debt. When one reads his analysis, it is pretty clear that he was not fond of the government
at that time. It is important here to mention the different kinds of debt. One kind of debt is the one
that is forced on a person without that person being responsible for it, but is only a result of lack of
concern towards financial matters. In his book The Lantern and the Candlelight, he has explained
extensively the way of living of the people during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century.
Moreover, he also writes about the injustice of the debtor's towards those who were in debt. When
writers write about things that they have experienced themselves, there is a special

Business Matrix
ACCOUNTING TRANSPARENCY
Charles Katoroogo
Prof Brandy Havens
ACC 303
12/1/2013
ACCOUNTING TRANSPARENCY
Accounting is mainly concerned with general rules, concepts and principles that are established with
the purpose of governing different fields of financial reporting. Accounting principles are also
known as accounting principles and guidelines, these acts as the base on which more complex and
critical rules are based. The authority responsible for issuing the accounting standards (i.e. financial
accounting standard board) also uses these basic principles to formulate the accounting standards in
a more efficient manner.
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) consist of various rules and principles which are
used for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ratio Analysis is used for evaluation of performance of the company by internal as well as external
users. These comprises of managers, equity investors, long–term creditors and short–term creditors.
The managers are interested in the profitability and asset utilization ratios of the company as their
incentives and appraisal are based on the profitability and efficiency of asset utilization of their
respective divisions. Higher the profitability, higher is the chances of promotion. Thus, managers are
always very keen to analyze the different financial ratios of the company.
Those who invest in equity are always interested in knowing about the profitability, Market and
solvency ratios of the company. Higher profitability ratio is helpful in increasing the market value of
the company. The market ratios like dividend yield, price earnings ratio, earnings per share etc. is
useful in determining the exact position of the company's market share. Favorable market ratio
indicates the increase in market capitalization for investors and vice versa. The equity investors are
also interested in knowing the solvency ratio as high debt will pose danger to the ownership of the
company. Higher debt is harmful for the liquidity position of the company and in some worst cases;
the company even faces the risk of liquidation.
The long–term creditors and short term creditors are majorly concerned about the liquidity and
solvency position of an organization. The increase in the debt

Essay on Greedy Creditors and the Abuse of Consumers
Greedy Creditors and the Abuse of Consumers  Society is rapidly leaning on credit cards.
More consumers prefer to carry plastic instead of cash. Moreover, the privilege of holding a line of
credit is convenient and useful in today's world. From hotel reservations and apartment rentals, to
ordering online products, families are relying on credit as a time saving devise. As the importance of
credit soars, money hungry creditors are taking advantage of the public's reliance on credit cards.
Credit cards are essential for the escalated pace and demands of today's society.
Consumers are increasingly using credit cards to simplify their spending. In addition, carrying cash
is more dangerous than carrying credit cards and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
16). Furthermore, inaccurate information posses an equal threat to consumers. To illustrate, Heady
(1999) purports that an individual called the automated teller for his required payment and was
given the dollar amount, but not the change owed. However, after paying the acknowledged amount,
the consumer received a late charge. When the credit holder questioned the company, their response
was that the automation did not include the change owed because it would result in extra air time
charges on the creditor's eight hundred number. Another consumer was devastated when he accepted
an offer for a card with a $1,200.00 limit from First North American Bank, but after reaching the
limit the creditor began to lower the limit and raise the interest rate. Therefore, he acquired a higher
amount owed in interest, plus over limit fees (Heady, 1999). Furthermore, Weber and Palmer (2000),
state that when a consumer pays late, the creditor has the right to raise interest rates, however, if a
consumer does not use a card, the creditor may charge inactivity fees. Cut up the card and the
creditor is entitled to charge a closing fee.
A consumer with flawed credit suffers the most. Although creditors are happy to issue a credit card,
creditors aggressively demand unfair funds from the consumer. Nelsons Reports, states statistics
concerning Providian Financial Corporation, claiming that their net income grew by 86% when

Automatic Stay Research Paper
Everything You Need to Know About an Automatic Stay
Many things happen after you file for bankruptcy, but one of the first things that occurs is that an
automatic stay goes into effect. An automatic stay may seem a bit scary if you don't know what it is,
but here are the important things you need to know about an automatic stay.
What Is It An Automatic Stay?
An automatic stay is when your creditors are notified you've filed bankruptcy and they can not
attempt to collect the money owed to them anymore. This is not indefinite pause on your bills, it
simply gives the bankruptcy court time to review your case and decide how much each creditor will
get from your bankruptcy settlement.
What Does It Affect?
Before filing for bankruptcy, it

Case Study Of Inter IKEA
Looking into the sourcing of a multinational company is very important as we would know risks of
investing on that company well. Inter IKEA Holding S.A. is a fully owned by Interogo Foundation
in Netherland, which is an enterprise foundation registered under Liechtenstein law. It has no listed
their shares on any market in world, the company elaborates that, they wish to create ownership
structure that stands independence and long–term approach. Their profit will only be reinvested into
IKEA Foundation for charitable purposes and keeping purpose for future investment. As a result,
they used Euro (€) as their main currency. From annual report 2011 of Inter IKEA Group, their total
equity has raised from € 3,618,867,000 to €3,768,791,000 (4.14%), which it compound of increased
in legal reserve, currency translation adjustment, minority interest and significant drops in result of
the years. Their shares capital is remain and it holds huge number of retain earning (€
2,151,584,000) is due to it has no offer their shares to publics as they creating an independence
ownership structure, which they will reinvest their money into their foundation for future investment
and use for charitable purposes. It holds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IKEA's Debt–to–Equity ratio = €1,940,857,000 / €3,768,791,000 = 0.5150 = 51.5%, this means
IKEA carry low risk on its financial management as it has twice amount of equity to its liabilities,
but not fully utilize their loan advantage to increase their profit. IKEA's Debt–to–Capital ratio =
€1,940,857,000 / €5,823,325,000 = 0.3333 = 33.33%, means also IKEA having low risk on its
financial structure. Both of the ratio shows overall IKEA has a low risk on their financial
management, it is worth for investor to invest on it. However it might be not truly reflect IKEA's
real financial situation as both of the ratios will be affected by historical data accounting

Legal Issues Of The Lawsuit Filed By The Creditors
In the lawsuit filed by the creditors in order to recover their money, there are a few legal issues.
They major question here is whose assets can the creditors go after– Double J Branding, Jana, or
Jamal? More in depth questions that need to be answered for this lawsuit are was the limited
partnership valid and was Jamal considered the limited partner at the time of the transaction? Also
did the loan officer and real estate agent believe in good faith that Jamal was a general partner at the
time of the transaction? Many rules are included and must be followed in order for a limited
partnership to be valid and to work properly. A limited partnership is a type of partnership that has
two types of partners– a general partner and a limited partner. The general partner of a limited
partnership invests capital and manages the business. The general partner has unlimited liability
which means they are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the limited partnership. The
limited partner in a limited partnership invests capital but does not participate in management. The
limited partner has limited liability, which means they are only liable for the debts and obligations of
the limited partnership up to their capital contributions but they are not personally liable.
The partners of a limited partnership must complete and sign a certificate of limited partnership,
thus making the partnership legal and binding. An incorrect creation of a limited partnership is
called a

Analysis of Sohini Kar´s Recovering Debts: Microfinance...
How does the text circulate?
Sohini Kar is an American anthropologist and a Harvard Fellow. Her primary interest of research is
anthropology in regards to economy, finance, development and debt. Sohini Kar is the author of the
article, "Recovering debts: Microfinance loan officers and the work of "proxy–creditors" in India."
One can infer this article is meant for other anthropologists who are interested in the economy and
the global finance system. In Kar's introduction she dives into the world of loan officers and their
relationship to the borrowers. Throughout the text she introduces several theories of ethical practices
and relationships to the lender and the borrower. In order to support her argument, she incorporates
other theories from various anthropologists to solidify her thoughts.
What is it about, empirically?
Sohini Kar's article revolves around the global financial market. However, her central focus is in
Kolkata, India, where many who live in the slums owe microloans to private banks. The issue Kar
raises is in a national platform, due to the fact that 60% of Indian population lacks formal financial
services (481). This is a national issue due to fact that it traps many of their citizens in a never–
ending cycle of debt, with no proper oversight. The time of her study was from 2009 to 2011, right
after the financial crisis in Western countries. The author makes a comparison of the different
dynamics loan officers are exposed to in terms of culture in India.

Bankruptcy In The United States Bankruptcy Court
Bankruptcy is a process that allows consumers and businesses to eliminate or repay debts under the
protection of the federal bankruptcy court. An individual might file for bankruptcy because he/she
has lost his/her job and can no longer pay his/her financial obligations. A business may file for
bankruptcy because it has borrowed money that cannot be repaid due to the business failure. There
are basically six bankruptcy chapters an individual or business can file. These chapters are 7, 9, 11,
13, 12, and 15. Chapter 7 bankruptcy lasts three to six months, and can include property liquidation
or secured debt. Property liquidation means some of the individual's property may be sold by an
appointed trustee to repay the debt. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Harris v Mary K. Viegelahn, Chapter 13 Trustee. Petitioner Harris had filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy
petition because he was behind on his mortgage payment to Chase Manhattan in the amount of
$3,700, plus he owed multiple other creditors. After filing the petition, he filed a repayment plan,
which was approved by the Court, stating he would resume making monthly payments to Chase
Manhattan and that $530 a month would be withheld from his wages and remitted to the Chapter 13
trustee, Viegelahn. Viegelahn would then make the payment to Chase Manhattan and Harris's other
creditors (SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, 2015). After Harris again failed to make
his mortgage payments, Chase Manhattan foreclosed on his property. Trustee Viegelahn continued
to receive $530 a month from Harris' wages, which accumulated to $5, 519.22, but did not make any
payments earmarked for Chase because of the foreclosure. About a year after the foreclosure, Harris
converted his case from Chapter 13 to Chapter 7. Ten days after the conversion, Viegelahn
distributed the accumulated money to Harris' creditors and paying herself $267.79 for fees
(SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES,

Why Would A Creditor Agree To A Post-Judgment Settlement?
If you have had a collection judgment entered against you by a court of law, don't assume that you
cannot settle with your creditor. It is still possible for you to obtain a settlement of the debt you owe
for an amount that is lower than the judgment amount.
It is important to understand that where possible, you should try to negotiate and settle your debt
before a judgment is entered against you. You have more leverage before the creditor incurs attorney
fees and court costs in trying to collect from you. The mere fact that the creditor expended time and
money to file a lawsuit against you means that the creditor believes you have sufficient income or
assets to pursue.
Why would a creditor agree to a post–judgment settlement? If you can offer ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Typically, your most significant assets such as your home are exempt or protected by law from being
seized by a judgment creditor.
Finally, a telephone call from a bankruptcy attorney to negotiate on your behalf can help you regain
some of your leverage. As soon as a judgment–creditor understands that you filing a Chapter 7 or
Chapter 13 case is a real possibility, they are motivated to settle your debt. The idea of recovering a
portion of the debt owed is much more appealing than having the debt discharged or eliminated in a
bankruptcy filing and receiving nothing. In fact, if the creditor believes that you are likely to file for
bankruptcy if a settlement is not reached, it may be possible to settle for a small fraction of what you
owe.
Once you have made the settlement payment in full, it is important that you obtain a satisfaction of
judgment executed by your creditor. This pleading should be filed with the court to give notice that
the judgment has been satisfied and so that it will be reflected on your credit report. The judgment
against you will still appear on your credit report, but a notation that you satisfied it will be viewed
more positively by other

Does Directors Have Fiduciary Duties?
Does directors have fiduciary duties to creditors?
Shareholder primacy theory seems not support the viewpoint that shareholders owed exclusive
fiduciary duties by directors, then, other constituencies like creditors, employees and suppliers,
should directors owe fiduciary duties to them? Schwarcz indicates that when the company is
insolvency or the company want to have some high risk ventures, the company can only rely on
creditors' money. On this occasion, creditors substitute for shareholders and become the residual
claimant of the company. Hence, the following part will take creditors as an example, to illustrate
that in some special situations, directors should take creditors' interests into consideration through
the contractarian approach.
The main theory of contractarian approach is that all the people in the company are in the voluntary
contract–based relationship. This kind of voluntary contract–based relationship entitled every parties
of the contracts the rights to negotiate with each other and to reach an agreement to some specific
items. This approach come up with two arguments to argue that creditors are unnecessary to owed
fiduciary duties by directors, which are one, from the efficiency perspective, and another one is from
the other protect mechanisms perspective.
First, when it comes to the importance of efficiency, no one can describe better than the professor
Gillian Hadfield, who said that efficiency is the "bedrock of gold " of the capital market,

The Problem Of Business Management
Business management is a diverse field with lots of different ways on how to manage either
someone or something. A manager would have to control the whole of what a person does or an
entire company to make sure that everything is going correctly with no defaults. Being a brand
manager includes the knowledge on how to satisfy a vast variety of people for the brand they are
representing to actually achieve within it. Data is excruciatingly important to any direction when it
comes to the responsibility they hold, a minor mistake can make a huge difference. Managing data
seems difficult, but managing the privacy within the accounts, "without making the data inaccessible
and unusable" (Burns, Businesses Look for Tech Solutions to Big Data Security Issues) has to be
taken into precaution when it is being stored within internet access. With new ways to reach
information, it has become difficult to understand and limit who sees it and what information they
will be seeing without them exposing it to others. A person 's "Social Security numbers or other
sensitive information" (Burns) can be found and used to get profit for themselves or for someone
else. According to Signe et al. about "80% of information created and used by the enterprise is the
unstructured data" that still does not have a specific usage but can be used as optimizing purpose.
An analyst will take the position to track patterns and unusual patterns if needed or for contingency
with different transaction systems

Is Nietzsche’s Belief of Justice Sound?
Friedrich Nietzsche, in the Genealogy of Morality, dedicates his second essay to prove that justice,
is ultimately a version of the equalization of suffering, in terms of the creditor/debtor relationship.
Through the course of this paper, I will discuss whether Nietzsche's belief of justice being a form of
the equalization of suffering is sound. My argument will be presented in three phases: I will first
provide background information in reference to the creditor/debtor relationship, I will then elucidate
what Nietzsche means by his belief, and lastly, I will explain and evaluate Nietzsche's concept of
justice and the equalization of suffering.
As mentioned earlier, Nietzsche asserts that the creditor and debtor relationship is a form of the
equalization of suffering. He identifies that the primary notion of guilt stems from the material
concept of debt. Essentially, debt is described as owing, usually money, to someone. On the other
hand, guilt is demarcated as the process of repaying debt, according to Nietzsche. A relationship
takes form when a debtor and creditor agree on a deal, agreement, or loan. When this transpires, "the
debtor inspires confidence that the promise of repayment will be honored, in order to give a
guarantee of the solemnity and sanctity of his promise..." (Nietzsche 40). This indicates that the
promise will be fulfilled regardless of any occurrences. Nietzsche affirms that if individuals have the
ability to make promises, then they also have the ability

The Pros And Cons Of Creditors
Creditors are the individuals or financial institutions that loan money to the firms. Creditors tend to
receive interest on the money they loan out to these retail stores. For instance Tusky's first
supermarket branch was set up through acquiring bank loans. Thus, the larger the bank loan, the
higher the interest paid back to the bank. This shows how the retail industry requires large capital to
operate in. Many of the large corporations have gotten loans from banks in order to finance their
operations and to raise capital. The creditors hence have a say with regard to the financial contracts
and in case the firm goes down, the creditors have a first say basis in claiming the assets.
Shareholders. Shareholders are the individuals or different organisations who have invested their
money in order ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Suppliers should also be able to respond to emergency calls in case of certain events such as
disasters or even large orders. In other words they should be essential and reliable. The big
supermarkets such as Nakumatt tend to have strong quality requirements from their contracted
suppliers and in turn they settle their end of the deal instantly as agreed. Conclusion. The retail
industry in Kenya is a good ground to invest your money. However it requires a lot of capital to set
up and operate. The government is also lowering trade restrictions in the country so as to attract
more and more investors to invest in the industry. To note further, the retail industry in Kenya has
contributed to job opportunities and hence made the citizens to earn a living. Also, the tax that is
generated from the Kenyan retail industry has turned out to be efficient that it is being channelled by
the government to improve the infrastructure in the country. Finally, the retail industry in Kenya is
booming, generating a lot of profits and it is destined for

How The Self-Employed IVAAnd How Does It Work?
How it works?
Self–employed IVAs are very similar to normal Individual Voluntary Arrangements. They follow the
same principle – but the application process is a little different, as they have to accommodate your
business and cash–flow.
This guide provides you with an in–depth look at the self–employed IVA process.
If you're struggling with your debts and think a self–employed IVA could be right for you, get in
touch with PayPlan. We can help you understand all your options.
Call us on 0800 280 2816 or use our online form to request a call back >>>
GET ADVICE NOW
Going through your options
In order to consider setting up a self–employed IVA for you, we will first need to collect details of
the amounts you owe and the assets you own. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
GET ADVICE NOW
The self–employed IVA proposal
After collecting details of your finances and assessing your situation, we will refer you to our
associated company PayPlan Bespoke Solutions Limited, who specialise in setting up self–
employed IVAs.
They will offer to meet you in person to go through your debt solution options and discuss your
business cash–flow.
You don't have to agree to this proposal but it's a good chance to ask any questions about your
financial situation. Alternatively, this can be discussed over the phone, if that suits you better.
In order to propose a self–employed IVA, certain items will need to be verified, to check that all the
information contained in your self–employed IVA proposal is correct.
Typical information that's needed is:

Your business cash–flow projection for the next 12 months
Your business profit and loss accounts for the past year
A copy of your tax return for last year
An online valuation of your home (and any other properties you own)
A copy of your latest mortgage statement – and any secured loan statement(s), if applicable – to
show your creditors the equity position in your property(ies)
Copies of all recent correspondence from your personal and business creditors – so we can get your
account numbers, creditor contact details and latest outstanding balances
About the Insolvency Practitioner
In order to propose a self–employed IVA to your creditors, you'll need to use the services of a

Personal Bankruptcy Case
Many people who are planning to file for bankruptcy protection are concerned with how it will
impact their job. Can you be fired for filing a Chapter 7 or Chapter 13? Fortunately, the answer is
"no." The Bankruptcy Code prohibits your employer from firing you solely because you filed a
bankruptcy case. You may also be concerned about whether your employer will discover that you
have filed a personal bankruptcy. Although your filing is a matter of public record and anyone who
is searching for your case information can find it, the reality is that most people will not make this
effort. For more information about who will find out about your bankruptcy filing, please read our
blog titled "Will "Everyone" know about my Bankruptcy Filing?" The

Leadership, Management And Communication Skills
I have been married 25 years to my wonderful husband, Rick. I have 2 beautiful daughters,
Kimberly and Kaitlyn. Kimberly is currently attending Washburn University and Kaitlyn attends
Seaman High School.
5. EDUCATION/SKILLS/BACKGROUND:
I graduated from Nemaha Valley High School in Seneca, Kansas. Beyond high school, my education
has been learned from on the job experience.
I have leadership, management and communication skills. In addition, I have the abilities to multi–
task, problem solve, listen attentively, and teach effectively.
I began my career with the State of Kansas in August of 1985 as a Clerk Typist II with the Kansas
State Board of Agriculture (now the Kansas Department of Agriculture). I was self–motivated and
knew I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The majority of my years of service (1988–2014) have been with the SCC and in 2011 Governor
Brownback combined SCC with the Kansas Department of Agriculture (KDA). Throughout my
years of employment with SCC/KDA, I advanced my career significantly with on the job
experience, involvement within the agency, willingness to learn new tasks, and volunteering to do
tasks or special projects for the department. With the SCC/KDA, I held the following positions:
Secretary II, Office Specialist, Administrative Officer, Accounting Specialist, Program Consultant I,
Program Consultant II, Public Service Executive I, and the last held position of Public Service
Executive III. In June 2014, the SCC/KDA was relocated to Manhattan, Kansas. The relocation
caused me to look for employment in Shawnee County as I live in Topeka, Kansas. In November
2014, I obtained a Public Service Executive position with the Department of Administration, KTOP
team.
6. PLEASE LIST ANY FUNCTIONAL AREAS YOU WOULD LIKE TO LEARN/CROSS TRAIN
WITHIN YOUR TEAM OR ON A DIFFERENT TEAM WITHIN OCFO:
I have only been employed with the Department of Administration for a little over a year, so I am
unfamiliar with the different OCFO team functions. At this time, the only area that sparks my
interest is with the State Revolving Fund as I was previously employed with the SCC/KDA for 26
years, and our agency had interactions with KDHE in conjunction with the State Revolving

Contrastcies And Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
4. Discuss the differences between Chapter 7 and Chapter 11 Bankruptcies. Bankruptcy occurs when
a business is facing a financial crisis. Chapter 7 is known as a liquidation bankruptcy while Chapter
11 is known as a reorganization bankruptcy. In Chapter 7, there will be no business at the end of the
proceedings. At the beginning of liquidation, there is a court–appointed trustee who is entrusted with
the preservation of assets and loss prevention. The trustee must also perform a series of operations
including the transfer of assets to their control, compiling financial records, and obtaining
possession of corporate records. After this, there is a court–ordered meeting of creditors to decide
upon next steps. The creditors can choose to either ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The plan should be able to prove effective for the company to continue as a going concern after its
implementation. In some cases, there is a plan already prepared before bankruptcy is filed, saving
both time, negotiation, and legal fees. For a plan to be implemented, all classes of creditors must
vote on it, stockholders must vote on it, and the court must approve it. However, the court has the
authority to cram down a plan that they approve of that was not accepted by a certain class of
creditors or stockholders. The court can also change the nature of the liquidation from a Chapter 11
to a Chapter 7 if they feel as if a workable plan is not possible, which can cause interested parties to
be more open to negotiations. In the financial statements, any gains, losses, revenues, and expenses
that occur as a result from the reorganization should be reported separately from operating activities
but still before tax. Interest does not normally accrue on debts during the reorganization process
because of the order for relief. Debts subject to compromise (those that will probably be lowered
because of the reorganization) are disclosed separately. In addition, liabilities subject to compromise
are shown as the expected amount of

Case Study Of Section 176 Of The Companies Act 1965
In 1997, many companies in Malaysia were struggling to survive due to the economic downturn in
Southeast Asia. During the financial crisis, Section 176 of the Companies Act 1965 was regularly
used by various companies so as to buy time to restructure their finances and to get protection from
the creditors by obtaining a restraining order that ceases the proceedings against them. As a result,
the protection given under the Section 176 of the Companies Act 1965 was abused and exploited by
the debtor company in getting the advantage for the sole purpose of deferring the repayment of debts
to the creditors. The occurrence of the abuse was due to the deficiencies in the pre–amended Section
176 of the Companies Act 1965. Before the amendment of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Pursuant to Section 176(10A) of the Companies Act 1965, the conditions that need to be satisfied
before the granting of the restraining order by the court are provided under the paragraph (a) to (d)
of the subsection. The applicant must in first place prepare a proposal for a scheme of compromise
or arrangement between the company and its creditors or any class of creditors representing at least
one–half in value of all the creditors during the time to consider whether should or should not be
made a restraining order . The applicant must also satisfy the court that the restraining order is
necessary to enable the company and its creditors to formalize the scheme of compromise or
arrangement for the approval of the creditors or members pursuant to section 176(1) of the
Companies Act . The applicant seeking a restraining order is demanded to lodge a statement in the
prescribed form as to the affairs of the company made up to a date not more than three days before
the application is lodged together with the application . The conditions set out in Section 176(10A)
of the Companies Act 1965 are followed by the court approves the person nominated by a majority
of the creditors in the application by the company under Section 176(10) of the Companies Act 1965
to act as a director or it that the person is not already a director, notwithstanding the provisions of
the Act or the memorandum and articles of the company, appoints the person to act as a director

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Working Money
3) DRAWING POWER
Drawing Power is the amount of Working Capital funds the borrower is allowed to draw from the
Working Capital limit allotted to him. Because the working capital limit is usually allotted to a
borrower against security of Stock and Book Debts, the amount of funds a borrower is allowed to
draw is calculated by considering the total value of Stock plus total value of Book Debts for the
month after deducting the margin. It is for this purpose that the borrower must regularly submit
Stock and Book Debts Statement and Statement of Trade Creditors.
Thus, in a way Trade Creditors also finance the borrower's stock and hence the stock purchased
under credit being unpaid stock, cannot be provided as security to Bank. Hence total amount ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three parties to a contract of a guarantee. The person who guarantees the performance of a
promise or the liability of a third person is called the guarantor (surety). The person, on whose
behalf the guarantee is given is the principal debtor, and the person to whom the guarantee is given
is called the creditor.
The obligation of the surety, under a guarantee issued, arises when there is a default to perform the
promise by the person on whose behalf the guarantee is given. The liability of a surety runs parallel
to the liability of a principal debtor towards the creditor. On failure of the principal debtor to
perform the obligation under the contract, the liability of the surety with respect to the guarantee
starts. The bank may be called to perform its obligation under a bank guarantee issued by it.
Therefore, though bank guarantees are non–fund credits, the probability of their turning into fund–
based credit is high.
In order to ensure that the guarantee executed by the banker does not remain in force for an
indefinite period, it is stipulated that the guarantee would remain in force the period specified
therein, on the expiry of which no claims would be entertained by the

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