How Gender Ideas Fueled Cuba's Revolutionary Movement

The French Revolution As A Social Revolution
While the French Revolution surely marked a time known for a great deal of bloodshed alongside an
substantial shift in political and social attitudes, behavior, and policy, the origins of this pivotal event
are highly contested even in modern historical contexts. This time period ranging from the years
1789 to 1799 had a number of social, political, and economic causes, but many historians of this era
seek to answer whether the French revolution was primarily a social revolution with political
consequences or that of a political revolution with social consequences. According to Harvard
educated political scientist, Dr. Theda Skocpol, "Social revolutions are rapid, basic transformations
of a society's state and class structures, and they are accompanied and in part carried through by
class–based revolts from below." In consequence, the following thesis is one such answer to this
long–held debate using this definition as a base reference. The social unrest created by remnants still
remaining from the feudal system, compounded with economic pressures caused by a political
system unable to properly respond to crisis, resulted in a fervent spirit of revolt that pervaded
through the whole of the third state only to turn to more political issues upon the realizations of class
diversity within the Third Estate itself.
SOCIO–ECONOMIC STRESSORS
To begin, the economic situation prior to the onset of the revolution needs
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Cuban Revolution And The Revolution
Fidel Castro once said "I do not fear the fury of the miserable tyrant who took the lives of 70 of my
comrades. Condemn me. It does not matter. History will absolve me." This iconic line triggered one
of the greatest events in Cuba's history, the Cuban revolution. The factors that caused the revolution
and the main events during changed the lives of Cuba's people as well as North Americans. Cuba
was a poor, uneducated, country controlled by a brutal dictator in 1953. The attack on the Moncoda
barracks and other confrontations caused the people of Cuba to react – storming the presidential
palace and rioting. Castro and his men were starting to win against Batista's despite the numbers.
After the revolution Fidel Castro took control of Cuba, educating them, renewing their health, and
redistributing wealth. The revolution also affected North America in both negative and positive
ways that contribute to the relationship between these countries today.
Cuba in the 1950s was under absolute power from a ruthless dictator and was in need of an
overthrow in government, also known as a revolution. Fulgencio Batista was the elected president of
Cuba from 1940 to1944 and the dictator from 1952 to 1959. He was a brutal dictator that controlled
everything, the university, the press, the army, and the people. Batista had a secret police called the
bureau for the repression of communist activities. These men did Batista's dirty work for him,
torturing and killing anywhere between 1000

The French Revolution And The Revolution
Analysis
The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many
lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was
also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of
Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should
be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for
things to improve one has to have some sort of change. In a time where it seemed as though things
changed over–night the only question is which political party would be left standing? In the
following paper, I will attempt to analyze Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France
against Thomas Paine's Right of man and state the difference between the two. But before any
analysis can be made I must first discuss in further detail the French Revolution.
The French Revolution first started in 1789, commoners were becoming upset with the lack of voice
they had within the French Parliament. Although, they made up the majority of the French
population, they always lost votes in a two to one landslide against the nobles and the aristocrats.
Not only were they not having a voice, but they were also being forced to pay taxes for wars that
lasted years, and the country was near bankruptcy, commoners could no longer look to their king for
help. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette lived a

The French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme
actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice,
rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout
the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total
equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means
necessary to attain these sublime and holy goals. Their goal of total virtue for France was a good
goal, but the methods in which they attempted to achieve it were tyrannical. Additionally,
nationalism was used as method of convincing the French that pure and virtuous thoughts that drove
the revolutionaries to such terrible heights. The Committee of Public Safety believed that personal
freedom should be foregone in order to protect France from foreign monarchies in Europe who
wanted to reinstall the monarchy. Although their original intention was to better France through
overthrowing the monarchy, their methods in eradicating the ideology of the monarchy were cruel
and extensively terrible.
One of the greatest promoters of this violence was the infamous Maximilien Robespierre, the head
of France's Committee of Public Safety. His methods of cleansing society have been denounced for
their gross and unnecessary torturous methods. Robespierre believed that his methods, despite their
terrible nature, were

The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world
history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Régime,
inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have
occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophés. These Philosophés' ideas
sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It
was the state of France before the revolution that the Philosophés owe their effectiveness to. Prior to
the revolution, French society was divided into three categories, or "The Three Estates". They were,
the clergy, or First Estate, the nobility, or Second Estate, and the common people, or Third Estate
(The Rights 9). These three estates divided France. The First and Second estates only held
collectively two and a half percent of France's population, but held almost all the power and almost
all of the wealth. The king, Louis XVI, was the successor to the Sun King, Louis XIV. At this point
in time, France was an absolute monarchy with an astounding gap between the social classes. The
Third Estate ranged from the extremely poor to the moderately wealthy. However, most of the Third
Estate consisted of the extremely poor. One of the primary industries in the Third Estate was the
bread industry, which was heavily regulated by the Police. Occupations in this industry range from
the bakers, to

The French Revolution was caused by a number of factors, all of which contributed to substantial
shifts in lifestyle, government and power in France from 1789 to 1799 . These factors included,
population growth and a declining standard of living, both of which increased pressures on an
inefficient economy. As well as writings and criticisms of the Royal government and Church,
leading to harsher rule and subsequent rebellion. Also the efforts of the King and his ministers to
reduce privileges, reform taxes, cut spending, and introduce free trade within France had all failed.
Finally, the consistent power struggle that existed between the King, his nobles and eventually the
entire population of France. These factors led to a period of time containing frequent power shifts
and even more frequent death in a very unbalanced France. France's Revolution lasted about a
decade and in that time they will have solved many problems, but will have produced many more,
leading to the rise of the Revolution's son, Napoleon, and the subsequent revolutionary end he
provided. To understand how the Revolution started, one must first understand the power structure
under Louis XVI. France was made up of three estates, the first estate was the church, all of whom's
members were very wealthy landowners. The second estate was the nobility, a group that had
regained some power since the death of Louis XIV. The final estate, the third estate, was the rest of
France's population. (McKay 627–630) This

Revolutions In The Cuban Revolution
Why do revolutions occur? What actors are usually involved? This are the two central questions that
both Charles Tilley and Samuel Huntington attempt to answer by examining the reoccurring patterns
of armed resistance and collective violence. Huntington and Chase both claim that revolutions are
rare events which occur because of modernization. However, Chase and Huntington both have very
different definitions of modernization, along with different models of revolutions. Chase points to
gender ideas as central to various opposition movements within the Cuban Revolution, and she
highlights the road to a "revolutionary moment" in which women were pivotal (Stevens 9/18/17).
Huntington's model of revolution involves a sudden "explosion of political participation" due to
modernization, and revolution occurs when the established order is unable to keep up with the
demands of the newly integrated groups. I feel that Tilley provides the best model of revolutions
because he does not simply attribute armed revolutions to the undefined term of "modernization,"
but instead focuses on the roles of omnipresent actors involved in these revolutions (these actors
being; the government, the various contenders of power, and the polity). I would argue that his
argument is more logically sound because he points to a tangible sources of power, such as a
government's coercive apparatuses, as a revolutionary barrier which must be overcome with armed
resistance and a strong support base in order for

Haitian Revolution : The Revolution
Haitian Revolution: The Haitian Revolution was led by Toussaint L'Ouverture from May 20, 1743 to
April 7, 1803. It has been described as the largest and most successful slave rebellion. The rebellion
was initiated in 1791 by the slaves. In the end, they had succeeded in ending slavery and French
control on the colony. The Haitian Revolution consisted of multiple revolutions going
simultaneously. The Haitian Revolution existed from 1791 to 1804. It was important because Haiti
is the only country where slave freedom was taken by force and it was the only successful slave
revolt.
Industrial Revolution: During the Industrial Revolution, rural societies in Europe and America
became industrial and urban. It occurred from the 18th to the 19th ... Show more content on
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It also is a political theory and movement aiming to establish a system. Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels expressed what they thought was scientific socialism. Socialism was first brought up in the
1848 right before the Revolutions swept Europe. Socialism was important because it was the reason
that individuals or groups couldn't round up enough resources to out do another group. With social
equality in mind, it was intended to serve as a system that treat all humans equally and freedom to
work. One thing about socialism that is very effective is that it can either go through a government
or in a direct community organization.
Nationalism: Nationalism is a belief that interests of a particular nation–state are important. People
who share a common language, history, and culture should be independent and free of foreign
domination. It is a sense of identity in a nation. John Quincy Adams was a major founder in
nationalism. It began towards the end of the 18th century and spread throughout the 19th century. At
the beginning of the 20th century it was still spreading throughout different countries. The American
and French revolutions were two of the first to incorporate it. After that it spread through central
Europe and then to the eastern and southeastern Europe. When the 20th century hit, it spread
through lands of Asia and Africa. Nationalism is important because it is the bond that holds

The Russian Revolution And The Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a series of two revolutions that consisted of the February Revolution
and the October Revolution. The February Revolution of March 8th, 1917 was a revolution targeted
and successfully removed Czar Nicholas II from power. The February Revolution first began to take
place when strikes and public protests between 1916 and early 1917 started occurring. These strikes
were created to protest against and to blame Czar Nicholas II for Russia's poor performance in WWI
and severe food shortages that the country facing. Soon, violence between protesters and authorities
began to escalate, and on February 24th, 1917 in the city of Petrograd, hundreds of thousands of
male and female workers flooded the streets. They all had the same purpose which was to protest
against the "Great War" and the monarchy. The protests began to escalate and the vastly
outnumbered police were unable to control the crowds. When news of the unrest reached the czar,
he ordered the military to put an end to the riots by the next day, and on February 26th, 1917,
several troops of a local guard regiment fired upon the crowds, but however many soldiers felt pity
and empathy for the protesters than the czar, and on the next day, more than 80,000 soldiers join the
protest even directly fighting the police. During this period of unrest, two political parties, the Duma
and the Petrograd Soviet started noticing how quickly the riots were escalating, and began to discuss
actively on how the

The American Revolution : The Revolution
The American Revolution Revolutionizes the World
It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the
American Revolution. The American Revolution was the first successful revolution against a
European empire that provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too
could break away and become self–governing nations (New world Encyclopedia, 1).The American
Revolution was vital to history because ideas seen by other countries started a chain reaction. Many
ideas were taken into account when the Americans revolted against Europe and all of these played
important factors throughout history. Ideas about liberty, equality, representation, and natural rights
were first seen as properly put into action to change old systems in the American Revolution. As the
American Revolution was the first to succeed and earn freedom, it greatly affected countries all
around the world on how they made freedom and equality a part of their government The American
Revolution started when Britain started to tax the colonists without their consent. The stamp acts
started a chain reaction of discontent. The colonists realized they were being treated unfairly and
unequal to the citizens in Britain. Around this time when the Americans were facing discontent,
many Enlightenment ideas were spreading. The colonists took many ideas like John Locke's into
mind when they planned their revolts. They were fighting for natural rights of

French Revolution
As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather
than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on
government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one
formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and
Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. All of
these ideas led to the French revolution. During the time period France was still an absolute
monarchy under King Louis XVI, causing people to want change by implying new Enlightenment
ideas. The revolution in France broke out in 1789 do to social, economical, and political issues
including the growth of bourgeoisies, taxes were paid unevenly throughout the three Estates of
France, and the Third Estate's desire for a representative government.
One of the many social issues that led to the French revolution was the growth of bourgeoisies in
France. Bourgeoisies were middle class workers who were able to read and write but ended up
paying all of the taxes in France. With the literary skills, the bourgeoisies read and understood
Enlightenment ideas on government. The French people wanted a government in which their voice
was heard instead of the First and Second Estates. Historian Albert Mathiez claims that the middle
class would have to be the ones to affect change in France based off

The Revolution Of The American Revolution
There are many different views on how the American Revolution came to be and how it actually
was. One way is that the colonists that had money and were known as the elite were trying to
preserve their power from the British and this is what caused the revolutionary war. Then on the
other hand before the revolutionary war occurred when the colonists were being over controlled by
the British, then in result of the American Revolution the colonists were able to win against the
British and become stronger, more united, and have the type government they wanted. As described
in Gordon S. Wood's essay Radical Possibilities of the American Revolution, the colonists only
wanted to be free from the control of the British and the only way they could accomplish that was to
have a war with Britain to show that they could hold their own. In Gordon S. Wood's essay he brings
up many good points and explanations on why he believes that the only way the colonists could be
free was to fight the control British had over the new world/America. During the time before the war
most of the colonists had a lot of success and prosperity than other areas. Due to all of this success
and prosperity the colonists were starting to be able to support their own without the help of the
British. As stated in Wood's essay "These hard working farmers and mechanics were extraordinarily
free and well off and had much to lose, and this therefore, naturally accounts for these people, in
particular, being so

The Revolution Of The Industrial Revolution
When thinking of the industrial revolution, I usually correlate this transitional period to great
advancements in machinery, and an increase in jobs. However, after looking past the surface of the
industrial revolution, in regards to the promise of great wealth, this promise was not kept, along with
other issues. I believe that a "better life" would mean that people would not have to go through the
same struggles they once did before the revolution, struggles such as not having a job, money, home,
etc. In addition, a better life would have to be permanent for it to truly make a difference.
Unfortunately, the industrial revolution did not do as much good as people perceived it to have done.
Essentially, a revolution is a changing in social order, and although this did happen, the people
effected who were a part of it were given almost the exact opposite of what they expected. This
essay will explore the conditions workers endured during the revolution, and discuss whether the
revolution gave a better life, or a worse one. The "Rules of a Factory in Berlin" depicts just that.
However, these rules were, in some cases, much stricter and excessive than what I would usually
consider normal rules for such a work environment. For example, one rule states "All conversation
with fellow–workers is prohibited" (p.313). In addition to not speaking while working, almost each
rule if disobeyed will be fined. "Workers arriving 2 minutes late shall lose half an hour's wage"
(p.312),

Revolution: The American Revolution
The American Revolution was a major turn point in American History. The main question is what
started this revolution? The seven–year war caused the Parliament to reconsider their primary
revenues to be more beneficial to their large national debt. The rioting and rebellions started from
multiple acts being implemented on the colonists, whom did not approve these laws. They came up
with multiple acts such as The Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Townshend Act to possibly reverse this
tremendous amount of debt. The Sugar Act is debatably the most important act to prompt The
American Revolution. Biologically, sugar effects the brain very dramatically than what they knew
around the 1700– 1900's. When sugar is in your bloodstream the body reacts the same way as if ...
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While it was an indirect tax, the colonists were still knowledgeable of its happening. Colonists,
especially those affected directly as merchants and shippers, that the new tax was the major culprit
for their economic struggles. Which made for the Act's repeal began almost immediately, and
protests against the Sugar Act at first focused more on the economic impact rather than the
constitutional issue of taxation without representation.
The Sugar Act of 1764 was immediately shut down, disrupted trade between the American colonies
and French and was one of the laws that accelerated, and ended with, the American Revolution. The
British reacts to this resistance to create the stamp act not knowing all of these acts following the
Sugar Act would be rebelled and cause the American Revolution.
Of course the British Parliament thought other acts and ideas would be different but they received
the same results. Yes, it was one of the very first acts, but The Townshend act really started the
rebellion to where colonist retaliated. By taunting the officers and which caused the Boston

Revolutions Of The French Revolution
Revolutions are often characterized under two dominant schools of thought, either the structural or
the cultural viewpoint. The structural approach favors causes that are of inherent forces in the
system of sovereign nations, whilst the cultural view favors individuals actions and ideas as
rudimentary to revolution. Skocpol and Trimberger's essay Revolutions: A Structural Analysis
modernizes the ideas of Karl Marx and reconciles them with the modern revolutions that have
occurred to form a new viewpoint; the structural school of thought. Consequentially, the French
Revolution's long list of factors and participant's carry differing levels of weight in either school of
thought, yet the structural approach is more pronounced in the summation of them all. As an
extension of internal strife, the Haitian Revolution also plays an important role in highlighting this
structural overtone of the French Revolution. The duality between the Haitian revolution's class of
slaves and the Third Estate of the French Revolution proper as well as the reactions they both had to
international and internal strife are best classified under the structural school of thought. This
analysis begins with looking at the logical first aspect of structural analysis; the status of the
peasantry.
The aspect of structural theory that is most glaringly obvious in both that of the Third Estate and the
slave revolt of Saint–Domingue is the status of the peasantry. As noted by Skocpol and Trimberger,
revolutions

Social Contract : The American Revolution, And The Irish...
Throughout history, man and government have had a social contract that has been agreed upon.
Philosophers throughout history have debated what the social contract is defined as and whether it
was right for a citizen or government to break this contract. Multifarious revolutions in history
related to the American Revolution, Bolshevik revolution, and the Irish revolution these groups of
people fought for what they believed their natural rights were. Either party can break a social
contract between a government and it is sovereign when they believe their rights are infringed upon.
A government 's role in the social contract subsists to protect the rights of their people and the
citizen's responsibility is to allow the government to protect their rights without oppressing them.
The government and its citizens should break the social contract that is agreed upon if the majority
society feels that their government is oppressing them.
The American revolutionary's were a minority who wanted to become liberated from a government
they felt their divine right were being infringed upon. So they believed that they had a right to revolt
over their government breaking the social contract with their philosophical beliefs lean towards
Locke they decided to revolt against their government. The government was not protecting the rights
of their colonist's for example taxing them without their representation in the government. This
event is considered a tipping point for he revolutionaries,

When people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and
how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the
Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected
positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement,
but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution
created a battle of conflicting ideologies in England that did not only last the entirety of the
Revolution, but caused the formation political divisions that would last for many years (Mather).
The majority of people of England seemed to be quite supportive of the Revolution at first. When
news of the Storming of the Bastille reached them, they were hoping that it would be a new start for
France, and a chance for a more friendly relationship between the two countries (Tombs 383).
The first major response was given by a Preacher named Richard Price, when he gave his keynote
address, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Society for the Commemoration of the
Revolution of Great Britain at the Old Jewry, a meeting house, in London November 4, 1789. He
thought positively about the ordeal in France, comparing the revolution to a light that would
illuminate Europe and a warning against oppressive governments, as well as an encouragement to
those who strived for liberty (HistoryGuide).
A few intellectuals

The Revolution Of The Soviet Revolution
The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia saw the rise of the Bolsheviks to power where they
dreamed of a utopian Russia, which would be achieved through the transformation of Soviet men
and women. In particular, women were a major focus of the Bolsheviks utopian dream because they
wanted to end the oppression of women and in doing, so they implemented many policies after the
revolution in 1917 like the Zhenotdel that was a women's section in the Bolshevik party made to
advance women's interests, the legalization of abortions and contraceptives, and the removal of the
bourgeoisie family institution. However, after Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, Joseph Stalin came to
power and instituted his first five–year plan to rapidly industrialize the ... Show more content on
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The argument that the Soviet Union promoted population growth through policies during the 1930s
can be proven valid in David Hoffman's journal, Mothers in the Motherland: Stalinist Pronatalism in
its pan–European Context, where he argues that illegalizing abortions/contraceptives in the Soviet
Union was vital for the expansion of industrial labour because it provided a larger labour pool for
workers in factories. The purpose of Stalin retreating from the revolutionary values in 1917 by
making abortions/contraceptives illegal once again and promoting motherhood, was so that
birthrates would increase and mothers would raise children to become strong proletariat workers
that would enter the workforce to further the first five–year plan of rapidly industrializing the Soviet
Union. The Soviet Union also instituted more money to maternity homes, nurseries, and granted
women a 2,000 rubble annual bonus for any extra children they had after the sixth one. By
promoting motherhood through government institutions and baby bonuses it was supposed to
encouraged women to have more children and supplied the Soviets with more future workers so
rapid industrialization could take place and the first five–year plan could be accomplished. The
poster, Soldier of the Red Army– Save us! , shows that the Soviets highly propagandized
motherhood because as men went off to fight in World War II, the women were expected to stay at
home

The Bolshevik Revolution And The Revolution
The Bolshevik revolution started in February 1917 and concluded in October with the seizure of
power. There were different aspects that lead to this victory. Bolsheviks had been a minority
previously, but after 1917 February they started gaining members rapidly and by 1917 October they
had 350, 000 members in the party. To see how they finally were victorious one would have to look
at the revolution as a longer phenomenon that took months to reach a final result. The workers were
significant to the Bolshevik revolution, especially in comparison to the other classes who
contributed, but did not have the same power over the events as the workers did. Looking at the
revolutionary period, there were times when if the workers had not supported ... Show more content
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Therefore, there were many violent uprisings that the government could not put an end to during the
summer of 1917. Moreover, at that time soldiers thought that after the fall of the Tsar the war would
be over, but with that as well the Provisional Government decided to wait until the Constituent
Assembly had been elected. This lead to mass desertions from the trenches and the front. The
situation was only improved with Order no. 1 by the Soviet as they took control over the army and
created a democratized army that has been criticized by being too weak, but at that time it did settle
the soldiers for a while. Furthermore, it gained stronger support from the soldiers to the Soviet
power. With the peasantry the Bolsheviks did use the chaos in the countryside for their gain, but
other than that they were not a peasant party nor did they think this was the right moment to interact
with them. Trotsky believed that Bolsheviks used the peasant situation, but only the workers could
win the revolution and only after seizing power could an agrarian reformation be worked into the
Bolshevik plan, thus winning over the peasants later. Also, the party leaders were not that closely
related to the workers and they certainly were not close to the peasants, none of the leaders
understood the peasants and most did not deem them important to the revolutionary

Every 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the
oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats.
Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the
war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just
how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution
was not as radical of a revolution as we like to remember today, it still changed the political, social,
and ideological aspects substantially of the thirteen colonies. Americans deservedly have to rite to
remember the revolution, regardless to the fact of if there was true reason to start one, as a true full
fledged revolution.
To decide just how much of a revolution the American Revolution was, one has to first explain what
a revolution is. As defined by Princeton University, a revolution
'The overthrow of a government by those who are governed '
In accordance with this definition, for a protest to considered revolution, the established government
must be overthrown by the people it governs over. The American Revolution easily fulfills this
definition. The British government was overthrown by those it governed, the colonists. Since this
criteria is met, the American Revolution can be considered a technical revolution. But to understand
of just how much of a revolution the separation of

The French Revolution was unlike any war of the time. Originally the revolution was started to
create more equality between the nobility and clergy and the people in the third estate. The
revolution got a lot more complicated and violent than originally intended. It seems that the
revolution was like a car without brakes, once it got going, it couldn't stop until it crashed and
people died. Unfortunately the French Revolution was a very blood thirsty revolution. Many people
died in battle, from hunger, disease and from the infamous guillotine. They put people on a podium
for a short time, made them the face of the revolution, but soon the way of thinking changed and off
to the guillotine they went. The revolution kept getting worse and worse until people were killing
each other for whispers and words. At first things were very non–confrontational. People just
wanted a constitutional monarchy and wanted more equality between the nobility, clergy and the
people of the third estates. Things became progressively more violent. One of the first large
outpours of violence, protest and uprising could be seen with the fall of the Bastille in July of 1979.
Louis started to become nervous because rioters were increasing and violence was on the rise. He
hired troops which was not helpful. "The changes could hardly have been more ill timed. Everybody
was frightened and unnerved by two weeks of troop movements. As July 12 was a Sunday, nobody
was at work. Above all, the food shortages

How The American Revolution Changed After The French...
The definition of the word revolution has itself evolved significantly over the course of
the American and French revolutions. Prior to the French Revolution, the word meant the process
of coming a full cycle, or a return to a point previously occupied (Kirk 295). It is only after the
chaotic French revolution which overturned the old political and social order in the country that
"revolution" came to be known as a radical change in social and government institutions. Since
we are analyzing the American Revolution from the perspective of the events of the French, it is
apt to use the interpretation of the word that came into being post the French revolution.
The French Revolution was starkly different to its American counterpart. ... Show more content on
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Consequently, few
social changes were needed in the eyes of the founders following the revolution (Schweikart and
Dougherty 4).
The American War of Independence may be viewed as a rebellion as opposed to a
revolution. In On Revolutions, Hannah Arendt says about medieval and post medieval rebellion
"Rebellion was not a challenge of authority or the established order of things as such; it was
always a matter of exchanging the person who happened to be in authority" (41). The American
Revolution too was a case of exchanging the person of authority, the King, for someone else.
Arendt did also note, however, that the people had never in the past been able to decide
who should be their ruler and more significantly, to appoint a person from their own ranks for the

business of the government. This may be considered, in the French sense of the word,
revolutionary. If anything, it was one of the few revolutionary aspects of the American
Revolution.
While this may be true, the statement that "all men are born equal" in the Declaration of
Independence is not too revolutionary at all when closer examined. Firstly, only white men

Revolutions And The French Revolution
Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in
history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of
the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799.
Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one
ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws,
legislature, or customs, a definition given by wikipedia.com and the feudal system, which was a
system that said a peasant or worker would receive a piece of land in return for serving under a king,
a definition given by vocabulary.com. Those who opposed the, then ... Show more content on
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Also during the Great Fear, commoners not only looted but also burned down the houses of tax
collectors, landlords, and the seigniorial elite (French Revolution). During the French Revolution,
King Louis XVI was in charge of the monarchy and was deposed in 1792 and later executed in 1793
(The French Revolution (1789–1799)). King Louis XVI fell into massive debt which forced him to
give into the Parlement of Paris and the Estates–General, this then leading to the Revolution. After
the absolute monarchy was disbanded, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was
adopted. As reported by The French Revolution by history,com, the declaration proclaimed the
Assembly's commitment to replace the old system with one that was based on equal opportunity,
freedom of speech, popular sovereignty, and representative government. The National Assembly
soon learned that it wasn't easy to govern or be in charge of a country, this shown by the months it
took to draft a constitution for France (The French Revolution). According to this article, many
questions were asked when it came to creating the constitution such as "Would the clergy owe
allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church or the French government?" or "Who would be
responsible for electing delegates?" In 1792, the Assembly declared war on Austria and

The Revolution Of The Revolutionary Revolution
Hunter Sharp Mon/Wed 2:15 Final Paper There have been revolutions which were dominated by
important personalities, creating personalist regimes. Revolutionary leaders including Napoleon
Bonaparte, Vladimir Lenin, and Fidel Castro have been both an embodiment of revolutionary ideas
and an antithesis to many of the original ideals of their respective revolutions. Napoleon Bonaparte
During the French Revolution, the poor and oppressed majority are fighting to get a place in society,
and get natural rights regardless of their social class. Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the
military and emerges as a leader then Napoleon gains power and becomes an antithesis to the
original ideals of the revolution. Some of the laws, orders, and the Napoleonic Code created when
Napoleon was emperor of France shows that he did become an antithesis to many of the original
ideals of the revolution. Although Napoleon did give the oppressed French some rights, he still went
against the original idea of the French Revolution which was to give every Frenchmen their natural
rights regardless of their social class or gender. According to the Napoleonic code divorce was made
a little easier for women, but they still did not have rights. Girls were also not allowed to go to
school, while boys were allowed. Napoleon censored the press from releasing negative articles
about him which violated freedom of the press. Napoleon further became an antithesis when he
forced Germans to go into the French

The Revolution Of The Haitian Revolution
Many times throughout history, we can see the effects of independent thought. There was the revolt
of the slaves in Rome led by Spartacus, The Zanj Rebellion in the Middle East, and The Civil War in
the United States. However, The Haitian Revolution is one of the most effective and swift Slave
revolts of all time. The causes of the Haitian Revolution were quite simple and was similar to any
other kind of slave revolt. Many ideas carried around by slave traders at the time such as treating
slaves as property, using social/racial classes, and oppressive control ultimately tipped the slaves
over the edge. Ideas of independence also sparked the revolution, and one key inspiration to the
cause was The French Revolution. This is not very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because these people were being treated like property, they were accommodated with the barest
necessities and were given little to no food. These slaves looked for a way to vent their frustrations.
Through the Christian Religion, these slaves were able to unify under one belief. They grew
confident and more unified knowing they outnumbered the whites of the island ten to one. Some
slaves escaped their owners, and became what were known as Maroons. These escaped slaves lived
in the mountains of Jamaica. These "rebels" laid down the foundations of a black resistance towards
the slave owners and whites. They carried out plantation raids, the killing of white militiamen, and
the freeing of slaves. These Maroons alone threatened the British prospect of the sugar and slave
industry. Slavery is one of the most frowned upon act humans have ever done. Condemning humans
to back breaking labor with no pay at all with constant abuse is surely going to meet some kind of
resistance The slaves were not the only black inhabitants of Saint–Domingue. The free black
inhabitants were called Mulattoes. Like the slaves, they too were oppressed in some way. While they
had some sense of freedom, they were oppressed by the structure of the white government of Saint–
Domingue. Upon reaching manhood, they were required to serve in a mandatory three–year term in
the military. Upon release, they were then forced to serve in their

Revolution : The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution that occurred in 1688 to 1689 was a bloodless revolution in England that
was a turning point in modern history. The true glory of the revolution was that it contained no
massacre and that a settlement by consent was reached on the religious and political differences that
had divided parties for ages. A thinker during the time, John Locke came up with new models and
inspirations for the evolving concept of government. Locke argued that power came from the
people, not from a divine right to royal rule. Kings should therefore be restrained by institutions that
protected the public interest, including certain general rights to freedom and property. Therefore. a
more democratic form of government known as a limited monarchy replaced absolutism and at the
same time limited its power by the 1689 Bill of Rights. The revolution established the supremacy of
parliament over the crown that set Britain on the path towards constitutional monarchy and
parliamentary democracy (Maurice, 2017). The king and queen became figureheads, when before
they were absolute monarchs. In 1660, when Charles II was on the throne, Englishmen were
uncertain about the Stuarts and suspected him of Papal tendencies and absolutists learnings. Charles
II did not adhere to Parliament since he had favoring alliances with Catholic powers in Europe.
When Charles II died in 1685, Charles was succeeded by his brother James II, Duke of York. The
Whigs, a parliamentary group did not want a

Between 1770 and 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full–on revolution. The
American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political
uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent
nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the
colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead
to the tensions and resistance to what resulted in freedom and independence for the colonies from
British rule. Events such as the Stamp and Sugar Acts, the Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party,
Intolerable Acts, and the Continental Congress led to expanding tensions and soon to the outbreak of
the American Revolution.
Protests broke out all across the colonies, with revolts, boycotts, and even fights. British Parliament
established the acts to raise revenue through trade taxes on the American colonies. The Sugar Act
was established in 1764 to increase controls on non–British trading and taxed not only sugar but
other materials such as; coffee, coconuts and different animals parts. The Stamp Act was established
in 1765 to tax people for a royal stamp, it also taxed paper, shipping and legal documents,
pamphlets, and many more. The act was not as large as other taxes, but it changed the way of
Parliament authority, from trade to direct taxes on the colonies. The famous saying "no taxation
without representation",

The Revolution Of The French Revolution
Liberté, égalité, fraternité was the cry of freedom that countless people used to propel them through,
and to the end of the French Revolution. This long period of social, political and economic change
in France lasted 10 years, starting in 1798 and ended with Napoleon Bonaparte. The French
Revolution greatly affected all of Europe at the time and continues to represent the embodiment of
revolution to this day. This constant struggle between the heavily taxed, burdened, and
unrepresented third estate and those higher created an environment of monumental change for
everyone. In the years leading up to the French Revolution, new beliefs and ideas were reaching
every corner of Europe creating the thought that men should live free of oppression. However, in
France the leader Louis XVI lead like a tyrant leaving the people impoverish and angry. Through the
analysation of numerous circumstance present during the Ancien Régime, such as an inferior fiscal
leadership, massive debt, and the forthcoming of new ideas during the Enlightened period, it can be
concluded that the means for this revolution were justified as it is in our essence to revolt for a
change.
Prior to 1798, the French Government was lackadaisical and had a leader that often ignored his
responsibilities as king, thus leaving an oppressed and poor populace that had to fend for
themselves. Born in 1754, King Louis himself was a horrible leader that lacked the skill in properly
making decisions. He came into power in

The Revolution And The Iranian Revolution
The 1979 Iranian Revolution was a major landmark in Iranian history. "Iran 's revolution began with
a popular democracy movement and ended with the establishment of the world 's first Islamic state."
(In pictures: The Iranian Revolution) There are various parties that have different viewpoints and
opinions of the revolution. Those who were pro–Islam during the revolution believe that the
revolution was an event that brought structure and order to Iran. However, those who were against
the country becoming an Islamic state believe all the revolution did was cause more unrest and
instability. In this essay, economy and society before and after the revolution will be compared in
order to assess the effects of the Iranian revolution. Another ... Show more content on
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Finally, the condition of Iran after the revolution will be analyzed and compared to the situations
before the revolution in order to see how the revolution had negative impacts.
Iran before the Revolution
The Pahlavi dynasty "In 1921, Reza Khan (later Reza Shah Pahlavi), an officer in Iran's military
force used his troops to support a coup against the government of the Qajar Dynasty." (Ghasemi)
The Qajar Dynasty had ruled Iran since 1794. By 1925, Reza Khan had become the most powerful
person in Iran due to his containment of rebellions and establishment of order and he was named the
new Shah of Iran.
Economy under the Shah Reza Shah had plans to modernize Iran while he was the ruler. These plans
included developing large–scale industries, implementing major infrastructure projects, building a
cross–country railroad system, establishing a national public education system, reforming the
judiciary, and improving health care. (Ghasemi) Also, the rate of imports and exports increased, with
Germany, the US and the Soviet Union becoming Iran's primary trading partners. From 1954 to
1960, oil revenues increased rapidly and sustained foreign aid led to greater investment and rapid
economic growth. However, inflation increased and the value of the Iranian currency decreased.
Society under the Shah Society under the Shah was different than Iranian society today due to many
reasons. First, women were not

The French Revolution : The Revolution
Tyler Bredl
M. Mackey
HIS 102–003
26 October 2015
The French Revolution The French Revolution, beginning in 1789, is a prime example of uprising
by the bourgeoisie against centuries–old Absolutist and feudal systems. The Revolution was fueled
by Enlightenment concepts, such as collective sovereignty for the people and inviolable human
rights. The Revolution was stricken by setbacks and France ultimately ended up in the hands of a
revolutionary monarch, Napoleon Bonaparte (late 1790s). Furthermore, like the American
Revolution, it allowed the world to recognize the power behind the working class. The French
Revolution collapsed the "old order"; by spreading democratic ideals, political changes took place
and opened the door for a new sovereign authority in Europe.
Prelude to Revolution/The Third Estate Led by a weak monarch and the economy in shambles,
peasantry became weary of the old, autocratic regime. The Revolution took a radical turn in when
Parisian rebels broke into the Bastille, in hopes of obtaining weaponry to fight royalist troops. Word
of the revolution began to reverberate throughout France. Tax collectors, landowners, and upper
class citizens were terrorized by menacing, angry mobs which came to be known as the Great Fear.
A strictly rural episode of insurrection which sped up the exodus of elite from the country and
inspired the National Constituent Assembly to abolish feudalism in August 4, 1789, signing what G.
Lefebvre later called the "death

The French Revolution was a huge turning point in the history of the world and also influenced a
handful of future revolutions. This event also inspired a large assortment of paintings and literature.
One of the most famous and recognizable paintings in the world that was created during the French
Revolution was The 28th July: Liberty Leading the People. Eugène Delacroix, whom was a French
romantic artist, created this iconic painting in 1830 to commemorate the July Revolution (July 26th–
29th, 1830). It is known for using the famous goddess Liberty as the centerpiece of the painting.
There has been controversy over the portrayal of Liberty, including her physical characteristics as
well as the role she's playing in the painting. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
King Louis XVIII agreed to the creation of a constitution and "promised a constitutional monarchy,
with a bicameral parliament, religious toleration, and constitutional rights for all citizens." However,
the parliament was composed of extremely right wing royalists and was dismissed in 1816 due to
disagreements. Louis XVIII later died in 1824, but he spent the rest of his time at the throne trying
to heal the wounds of the Revolution. Following the death of Louis XVIII, his brother Charles X
took the throne in 1824. Though the people were optimistic at the beginning of his reign, the opinion
of the new king eventually turned sour. Charles X returned the land to the "enemies of the
Revolution" that had been during the time under Napoleon, "largely at the expense of bourgeois
holders of government bonds." Charles X was also not religiously tolerant. He was a devoted
Catholic, thus giving a large amount of power to the clergy and imposed the death penalty for
refusing the Eucharist or any other religious sacraments. As Charles X lost support in parliament and
from the general population, he felt the need to suspend the elections for officials because of radical
motives. On July 26th, by Article 14 of the Charter, Charles X was able to put into action the July
Ordinances, which included four rules: "censored the press, dissolved the newly elected chamber,
altered the electoral system, and called for elections in September." The violation of the

Compare And Contrast The Russian Revolution And Chinese...
Throughout history, many countries have called for revolutions whose goals and outcomes affected
the government during its time, in order to enforce a change in the current form of government. In
1911, a revolution was led by Sun Yat Sen in China between the imperial government or the Qing
and the nationalists. China's revolution's eventual outcome led to a conflict between the communists
and the nationalists in China whose goals contrasted each other significantly. During World War I, a
revolution in Russia occurred, led by Vladimir Lenin in 1917. The revolution in Russia affected the
proletariat, the Bourgeoisie, and the corrupted leadership of the Tsarist government as a whole.
Although these distinct revolutions occurred in two different countries, their outcomes are similar as
they both show how communism and the inequality of the workers and classes impacted the
countries both economically and politically.
Sun Yat Sen led the nationalists in the revolution, with the intention that ... Show more content on
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China was not affected by the ideas of Karl Marx, therefore the revolution in China lasted much
longer. The Chinese nationalists' main support came from the cities and China was an agrarian
society at the time. The social classes in China was a major issue during the revolution and people
often rioted. The White Wolf Movement showed how people were against the idea of a republic.
Bands of troops had to steal from the rich and give to the poor in order to keep the higher class from
overruling and starving the peasants completely. While Russia was able to please the proletariat, the
Chinese was not supported by the peasants living in urban areas and the demands of the agrarian
population were not satisfied. Lenin was able to better meet the goals of every interest group while
promoting Marx in the revolution of the

Compare And Contrast Egyptian Revolution And American...
Many times when people revolt against the government, it leaves the country in a worse spot that it
was before. Throughout history there have been many revolutions in many different places. Two of
the most significant have been the American Revolution, from the 1700's, and more recently the
Egyptian revolution from 2011. Both of these revolutions have many similarities within each other,
but they also have many actions to contrast. The topics being compared include; how the revolutions
started. The demands of the revolting groups. Lastly, what the two groups did to protest against the
government.
Similarities
Differences
To start off with the comparing and contrasting; their are multiple similarities.
First off how the revolutions were started. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
WIth the British unnecessarily taxing the Colonist of goods like sugar, stamps and tea. Where the
Egyptians were mad at the government for not doing anything about the poverty and unemployment
as well as believing that the government was corrupt. Next, the demands of both groups leading the
revolutions both wanted a change in the government. In both situations the majority of the people
were very mad at the government and wanted a change. Also, eventually both groups did get what
they demanded in the change of government.
Lastly, both of the revolutions included many protests. An example from each would be the
Egyptian citizens boycotting the the election and not voting, and the colonist tossing a ton of tea
overboard into the ocean so it could not be bought and the government would not get the money
from the taxes, which is called the Boston Tea Party. That is some of the similarities between the
two

While there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was
actually economic. A few years before the French's revolution the French spent approximately 1.3
billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused
trouble at home.
The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social
structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. "the tree of liberty
must be watered with blood." Vasvari. The 1700's were full of social and political change. Most
were inspired by other acts of transformation. The French Revolution was one of the most catalytic
events in history. The revolution prompted many others in Europe. There was a rise in German
nationalism in 1794 that lead to the execution of Hungarian Jacobins. Later on in the mid nineteenth
century Italy also had their national unity movement. Many of Latin American republics were
created on the French model. ( Bender pg. 152)
Starting a new representation of the country, the revolution resulted in the destruction of the French
monarchy and the execution of King Louis XVI. "June 17 commoners and their adherents among
the ecclesiastics, declared themselves the National Assembly of France and proceeded as to act as
the representative body of the nation." (Bender pg. 67) After the National Assembly its members
took the Tennis Court Oath, promising to be relentless in their

Imaginary Revolution
In a time of fear, rebellion and possible revolution, drastic actions must be taken to ensure the
stability and safety of a country. Therefore the authorities were justified in their actions, as drastic as
they may have been. Order and stability is the most important element in a country. Without a set of
guidelines and rules, the foundations begins to crack, and it no longer is a sovereign country, but just
a wasteland of rioters and people doing whatever they feel is necessary. There is not always a
guarantee that a country will come with a positive outcome when revolutionary actions are taken,
like Russia was. There is possibility for both the collapse of government, the fall of economy, as
well as a high–risk of danger. To prevent this, the government had to take action, not to kill a man
and injure innocent civilians, but to prove a point. A point that outbreak in a violent manner, and the
stalling of the economy is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The profiteering and change of resource output drastically affected the economy of Canada after the
war. Inflation was at an all–time high, and business men were forced to fire their workers in
factories where war–goods were being produced, as they no longer served a purpose. There is very
little the government can do to prevent capitalism, as you have a large majority of the general public
who support it, as well as entire parties who follow its ways. To prevent capitalism, work rights have
to be put in place, as well as taxes on those who make the greatest outcome. This of course
happened later on, which stabilized the country's economy. The government must put restrictions on
the abilities the factory owners have to prevent unjustified firing and treatment, and payment in
order to thin the wage–gap and increase the quality of life in

The Russian Revolution And The Revolution
In 1917 a great revolution would collapse Russia's monarchy and extend the color of red throughout
the world. During this time, Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin were instrumental in causing the
grand collapse of the Russian government and the reformation into a communist state. The Russian
revolution changed the world when it happened and I believe it changed the people of Europe after
it occurred.
The Russian Revolution actually has two important parts to it the February Revolution (March
1917) and the October Revolution (November 1917). The February Revolution, which took place in
modern day St. Petersburg, was lethal to the royal government of Russia. It began with the bread, it
was not like they did not have the supplies for the population, "the problem was the breakdown of
the transport system" (Figes 68). The February Revolution was also largely caused by the
ineffectiveness of the Russian military in World War One and the failure of the Russian empire
throughout the last couple decades. The people of Russia were ashamed of the military throwing
away their lives and having to eat sparingly to survive the winter. Peasants were so poor they could
barely afford a piece of bread for a week. Mass demonstrations were held in the squares and
violence took to the streets. People ambushed the royal guards in front of the palace and they were
shot down by the insignificant force left to guard the capital. The revolution was largely leaderless
as Russian people just wanted food

Looking at the historical timeline, one can see that the French Revolution derived after the
Enlightenment, which brought different ways of thinking, and different outlooks on government and
society (553),(555),(558). The Enlightenment also changed the world of public debate, and
established some ideas central to the French Revolution. The French Revolution of 1789 occurred
due to government debt, class conflict, bankruptcy, the Enlightenment, and the rule of absolutism.
These social, economic, and political conditions in France would ignite the start of the French
Revolution (562). The Third Estate felt the need to eliminate the problems that was altering their
growth in society in order to achieve political, economic, and social equality (564–566). The
government at the time had serious financial problem that resulted in great taxations. The French
spent too much money on wars, and too much money to keep up with their lavish lifestyles.
Moreover, the economic depression at the time led to a recession in the areas of agriculture, trade,
and manufacturing. As a result to of all these problems, the King became unable to re–establish
control (564–565), (567), (569), (572).
To begin with, the Enlightenment played a key role in the French Revolution by challenging the
French Monarchy, and the wealthiest class. The first phase of the revolution one can say derived
from the dominant ideas of Montesquieu who believed that a liberal constitutional monarchy was
the best form of

The French Revolution in 1789 marked an important turn in European history. It indicated the end
of Absolutism and the implementation of ideas of the Enlightenment based on liberty, equality, and
personal freedom. It took away power from the monarchy and in turn focused on the people of
France and way they had to say. Eventually, the revolution turned France into a society based on the
enlightenment and historians, to this day, continue to debate the causes of the French Revolution.
The most significant cause of the French Revolution was Absolutism because it was supported by
the Three Estates, allowed unsuitable monarchs to rule the country, and caused the spread of
Enlightenment ideas.
Absolutism is a system of government in which the monarch exerts complete control over the
country's land and people. In an Absolute monarchy, the government and its power is centralized at
the country's capital. Land owned by European monarchs by the end of the Renaissance became the
countries of Europe known today. These powerful monarchies existed in Austria, Russia, and
modern day Germany, as well as France, Portugal, and England. By the early 1600s, Absolute
monarchy was established. Many monarchs were felt that they had divine right, the belief that
monarchs were destined by God to reign and to go against that would be considered a crime. This
belief helped ensure Absolutism because it allowed the monarch to actually claim all the power for
himself since the people would consider

The Revolution Of The Cuban Revolution
Art in Cuba was drastically affected from nineteen fifty to nineteen sixty and changed in the years
that followed because of the Cuban revolution. The oxford dictionary defines art as the expression
or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or
sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power, as well
as the branches of creativity, such as painting, music, and dance. Art and its many different forms
were heavily influenced by the Cuban Revolution. Artists find inspirations for their works from a
number of different resources. Inspiration can be found from a simple conversation that sparks and
idea to portraying a grave passion. In the case of the revolution, artists used their art as a way to
voice their views. This is why many writers, journalists, and academic people were exiled during
this time.
To clarify, the Cuban Revolution, which began in July 1953, was a rebellion led by Fidel Castro and
his allies to overthrow Fulgencio Batista. It triumphed six years later on the first of January 1959,
when Batista was forced out of power by rebels. In the beginning, the Revolution and Castro had
tremendous support from almost all of Cuba as well as enthusiasm from others worldwide who
viewed the Revolution as an anti–imperialist movement. The Cuban Revolution brought a great deal
of attention to Latin America. Mass media now allowed the world to be connected and aware of
what was

How Gender Ideas Fueled Cuba's Revolutionary Movement

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