The document discusses diseases and reproduction in amphibians. It describes two common diseases: Red Leg caused by bacteria found in standing water which causes red blotches, and fungus infections from cuts or scratches that can be treated with some fish medications. Reproduction involves males calling or using smell to attract mates, amplexus where the male climbs onto the female's back to fertilize eggs externally, and eggs hatching into tadpoles that undergo metamorphosis to become adult frogs.

1. Amphibian Disease/
Repr oduction
By Mr. “Frogs are calling” Chapman

2. Diseases
 1. Red Leg:
 Caused by bacteria found in standing
water.
 It is mainly a disease of frogs in captivity.
 Symptoms:
 Red blotches on the skin.

3. Diseases
2 main factors that lead
to contracting this
disease are:
 Stress
 Confinement
 Antibiotics given by a
stomach tube may
be effective.

4. Diseases
 2. Fungus Infection:
mostly affect newts
and salamanders.
 Causes: Cuts or
scratches can lead to
fungal infections.

5. Diseases
 Treatment: Some fish fungus treatments can
be affective.
 Why would it be hard to treat an amphibian
with fungal infections?
 Most treatments are toxic to kill bacteria or
fungi. The amphibian will absorb the treatment
and hurt them also.

6. Reproduction
 What is 1 difference between male frogs/
toads and newts/salamanders on how
they attract females?
 Male frogs/toads have vocal sacs to call
and attract females during mating
season.

7. Reproduction

8. Reproduction
 Salamanders do not make noises, but
find each other by smell.
 Most amphibians mate in water and
during the spring.
 Mating begins on warm nights in march
and go through June or July.

9. Reproduction
 Once the female
finds a suitable mate,
the male climbs on
the back of the
female and grabs the
female from behind.

11. Reproduction
 This formation is
called Amplexus.
 While in the water
the female releases
the eggs and the
male covers them
with sperm to fertilize
them.

12. Reproduction
 What type of fertilization is this?
 External Fertilization- fertilization is done
outside of the body.

13. Reproduction
 The eggs usually
attach to plants,
rocks, and some time
float on the surface.

14. Reproduction
 If you see an egg
mass in a pond how
do you tell if it is frog
eggs or toad eggs?
 Frog eggs are in
clumps and toad
eggs are in strands.

15. Reproduction
 The eggs hatch into
tadpoles which do
not have legs, lungs,
or true jaws.
 They do have a long
tail with gills.

16. Reproduction
 What is the difference between frog/toad
tadpoles and salamander tadpoles?
 Salamander tadpoles are carnivorous
and frogs/toads are herbivores.

17. Reproduction
 Metamorphosis – physical growth
changes
 Steps in growth:
 1. Develop rear legs
 2. Develop front legs
 3. Tail is absorbed
 4. Internal organs develop
 This process can take from 3 weeks to 3
years depending on species.

18. Reproduction
 In aquatic species
they keep these
external gills and are
considered to be
incomplete
metamorphosis.

19. Feeding
 Frog/Toad tadpoles are herbivores.
 Salamander tadpoles are carnivores.