Case Study Of Coffee Shop

Case Study Of Coffee Shop
The Australian Coffee Shop Business
TASK 1 : NEEDS, WANTS, PRODUCTS AND TOTAL PRODUCTS CONCEPT
(A) George Gregan starts his own business since 1999 in the Wynyard station in Australia.
The place which he set his business also very busy business street and specially in the morning the street is full of commuters.
The George Gregan coffee shop is open early in every morning because of their working customers.
They serve many types of coffee and drinks, fruits, bread sometimes salad, chocolate bars and sweets and those foods are served 'ready to eat' for the
customers.
The customers are busy and half of them possibly could not have their breakfast before George Gregan launched his shops around the city center.
Customers need to eat something and want to drink ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also the price of the products are different and size or type of the production as well. When the coffee shop re arrangement those inventories, it needs
money from that shop as well. It might be very expensive and wast of their time also money. It is also very difficult to make a clear Breakeven analysis.
This situations are usually loss is greater than profit.
(C) One of the advantage of the coffee shop have a customer who spend A$5 in the shop it is profit. Those customers are still spend $5 in the shops it
make a profit for their business.
One of the disadvantage that when we use Breakeven analysis on this case, If some customer usually spends Australian $5 in the coffee shop, it does
not mean every customer spends $5 in same shop. It is very difficult to make BEA clearly because coffee shop sells many products and each products
are different prices and different section of the products.
TASK 3 : ENTREPRENEURSHIP
(A)
George Gregan as a leader of Australian rugby team his performance was made his team win. Salary from the play rugby was enough money for
himself but life of the rugby player is not long

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1980 Olympics Research Paper
The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, was an event held in the city of Moscow, Soviet Union, in Soviet
era Russia.
The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be held in Russia, and remain the only Summer Olympics held there. They were also the first
Olympics to be held in a Slavic speaking nation. The Moscow Olympics were also the first socialist nation to hold an Olympic event, and the only
Summer Games to be held in a socialist country until 2008 in Beijing, China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of
Michael Morris, the 3rd Baron Killanin.
Eighty nations attended the Moscow Olympics this year, which was the smallest number of nations to attend since 1956. Led by the United ... Show
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Which was a big jab at the Olympics in Moscow. However, the nations that did participate had won 71 percent of all medals, and similarly 71 percent
of the gold medals available, at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. This was because of state–run doping programs that had been
developed in the Eastern Bloc countries. As a way to protest against the Soviet action in Afghanistan, fifteen countries marched in the Opening
Ceremony with the Olympic Flag instead of their own nation's flags, and the Olympic Flag as well as the Olympic Hymn were used at the award
ceremonies when athletes from these countries won. Competitors from three countries, including New Zealand, Portugal, and Spain all competed under
the flags of their own National Olympic Committees. Some of these teams that marched under flags other than their national flags were removed by
boycotts by individual athletes, while a few athletes did not participate in the

Jim Crow Laws And South African Apartheid
As a result of racial segregation, resistance from coloured people in both the United States and South Africa escalated. Furthermore, the history of the
African civil rights movement validated: "Nationalism has been tested in the people's struggles . . . and [proved to be] the only antidote against foreign
rule and modern imperialism" (Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom 2008, 156) . By comparing and contrasting the American Jim Crow Laws and South
African apartheid, we have evidence that both nations' constitutions led to discrimination, activism, reform and reconciliation.
In both countries, the schism between Africans and their government worsened. Despite the Emancipation Proclamation ending slavery, "blacks . . .
had more in common with African–American slaves . . . than with the [Caucasian businessmen,]" due to the Jim Crow Laws – which established a
hierarchy based on "the plantation mentality" (Bausum 2012, 14,19). Similarly in South Africa, the National Party made apartheid the official law in
1948. In other words, both forms of segregation: isolated races (ex. through outlawing intermarriage and integration), trapped coloured people in the
cycle of poverty and ensured that only coloured people were deprived of quality education, health care, and other government services . In addition,
only African–Americans were garbage men who received an insufficient salary that "was based on their garbage routes" rather than an hourly wage
(Bausum 2012, 14). Similarly, black South

`` Invictus `` By William Earnest Henley
"I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul." These wise words come from the poem "Invictus" by William Earnest Henley. Basically, this
means that you control your fate, and that things don't happen by chance, they happen because of the choices you make. You control where you go in
life and how you treat others. In the film Invictus, Nelson Mandela joins forces with the South Africa rugby team in order to unite their nation, which
was still racially divided due to apartheid. This inspiring film develops the theme that change is inspired by leaders who exhibit traits such as
determination, selflessness, and humility. Some of the characters who demonstrate those admirable traits include Jason, Francois and Nelson Mandela.
Throughout the film "Invictus," there were several leaders who demonstrated substantial determination. For instance, Nelson Mandela was determined
to unite the nation of South Africa through rugby. South Africa was going to be hosting theRugby World Cupin one years time, and Mandela knew
that winning the world cup would be the perfect way to unite the nation. When he attended a Springboks game, Mandela could not have been more
supportive of the team. When he walked onto the field, he was getting booed by many people in the crowd, yet he still smiled and waved to them.
Before the game, he shook every players hand and personally wished them good luck. When the game was finished, he took some time to interact with
the crowd. He was doing all he

Sports And Games : An Important Part Of Human Entertainment
Sports and games are means of mental and physical growth which give us energy and strength by improving blood circulation. They remove tiredness
and lethargy which helps in improving our physical well–being. Sports develop a sense of friendliness and team spirit and are considered as an
important part of human entertainment, culture and tradition. Here We Going To Make the List of Top 10 Most Popular Sports in the World. Most
popular" could mean "most watched," "most played," or "most revenue–generating" Sports.
Let 's have a look on the top 10 famous sports in the world:
10. Volleyball
The game of volleyball is very popular not only among men but also women. In subcontinent, it is very famous particularly in rural areas. However,
countries of this region do not take much lead on international level. It does not have much hard and fast rules and quite easy to play. The two
teams, competing in this game are comprised of five to six players on each side. FIVB, the central commanding organization is devoted to promote
this game in every nook and corner of the world. However, it is most popular in United States of America. It may be played indoor as well as outdoor.
The beautiful places, like beaches, are often used to enhance the interest and level of enjoyment.
9. Rugby Football
Rugby Football, named after the school where it was played in a great deal, is a game full of thrill and action. Its players are not only required to have
healthy and strong physique but also speed

Touch Football Participation Sociology (Explained using...
Touch Football
Participation Sociology
Hypothesis
The main level of inequity, after applying Figueroa's five level framework of equity, and studying the survey information, all aspects of the framework
were found to affect the participation, but the main level being the institutional level.
Introduction
Touch is fast and skilful game attracting participants of all shapes and sizes, genders and backgrounds. Touch began as a training game for the two
rugby codes during the 1950's and 60's it was never seen as a sport in its own right.
Today touch enjoys a healthy level of participation both on a national front, with World Cups and Trans Tasman competitions as part of the
representative calendar.
Despite the popularity of the sport ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Certainly, Touch being a non–contact sport showing no aspects of rough, aggressive behaviour, is seen, by the majority, as not a very suitable sport
for males to play, and a game involving a football is seen as not an appropriate game for girls.
Structural
"The structural level is concerned with the factors such as resources, rewards, social position and power" (Kirk et al. 1999 p.130)
Major Rugby Union playing countries are Australia, England, France, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa and Wales.

The minor nations include Argentina, Canada, Fiji, Georgia, Japan, Namibia, Romania, Samoa, Spain, Tonga, United States, Uruguay.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_football)
Because the of huge international media cover, Rugby League is a highly popular game both in the ILC institute, (See appendix Graph 1) and
internationally.
Players of this highly popular game are in turn regarded to have high social position,
Whereas Touch, now played in 23 countries across the globe, including Great Britain, USA, Japan, NZ, and Canada
(http://www.aussport.com.au/sponsorship/touchsa.htm), has almost no media coverage, giving it a low social placing. Players of Major Rugby Union
also get generous rewards (clubs paying them to play), whereas major touch club players get no money.
Institutional
" This level refers to the way society and institutions advantage and disadvantage particular group due to their regular and routine practices".

Historical Significance Of Invictus
Invictus is a historical film that takes place during post apartheid South Africa. It was directed by Clint Eastwood and starring Morgan Freeman and
Matt Damon. The film is based on John Carlin's book, Playing the enemy: Nelson Mandela And Game That Made A Nation. It is mainly about Rugby
World Cup in 1995 in South Africa. Even though apartheid is over, there is a racial tension within the society. However, Nelson Mandela, along with
the captain of rugby team, Francois Pienaar, tried to solve this by hoping for successful game. Most of the scenes in the film creatively demonstrate the
historical significance in an era of post apartheid. According to the film, Nelson Mandela became the first democratic president in South Africa in 1994.
Apartheid laws were dismantled, but both white and black people did not get along, which was concerning for Mandela. Knowing the Rugby World
Club was taken in South Africa, Mandela believed this sport event will successfully unite people together even though the Springboks team symbolized
white supremacy. With this in mind, he met the Springboks captain, Francois Pienaar, and they both... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I choose this movie because the title means unconquered in Latin, which attracts me. In the film, Mandela mentioned that the poem affected him in a
positive way as he never gave up on being the anti–activist during his time in the prison. The film is an inspiring movie that teaches us a lot of things.
For instance, we respect our people despite the color skins in order to keep justice going and be satisfied as humans. Also, the film is not only focusing
on the sport but the relationship between justices and discriminations within the society. In my opinion, Mandela was the hard–working, inspiring
president in South Africa as his treatments toward his society were the examples of the justice. Overall, this film is highly recommended for

Essay
In 1981 there were huge divisions throughout New Zealand due to the South African rugby team touring New Zealand. The tour lasted 56 days in
total and started on the 22nd of July at Gisborne and finished 12th of September at Auckland. This tour affected nearly all of New Zealand; families
and friends were put against each other – divided by who was for and against the tour.
Though the tour itself took place in 1981, however the lead up for it really began in the 1956 when the All Blacks rugby team toured South Africa for
the first time the apartheid laws were put into place. South Africa's strict apartheid recently formed after the second world war (during 1948) meant
that no Maori players were allowed to play on the team. Restless ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1976 brought African nations boycotting olympics simply due to New Zealand attending. 1977 followed this with the Gleneagles agreement being
signed. This agreement stated "Commonwealth leaders will take every practical step to discourage contact or competition by their nationals with teams
of persons from South Africa... that their laws allow". This meant that New Zealand was obligated to avoid playing a racist game against South Africa,
limited only to both the countries laws.
On November the 25th of 1978 Robert Muldoon of National were elected for Parliament. Though Muldoon wasn't pro–tour himself, he had put forward
pro–tour policies whilst campaigning as he knew it would bring in voters from rural areas which he was most concerned about. This all set the stage
for the Springboks tour of 1981.
The year was 1981 when the National government refused to cancel the Springboks touring New Zealand, they had South Africa agree to pick their
players based off merit and not race. This may have even been accepted by all New Zealanders provided South Africa didn't decide that all but one of
the Springboks players with enough merit to play were white.
This caused extreme protest and anti–tour groups such as HART and CARE were very active and adamant to cancel the tour, however they failed and
the tour began as of July 1981.
The tour officially started on July 21st, though there was no game. It was a day of non–violent protests. The

Netball Is A Ball Sport Played By Two Teams Of Seven Players
Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players. Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s.
By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women 's Basketball (later
renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed. As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global
regions.
Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end. Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and
shooting it through its goal ring. Players are assigned specific positions, which define their roles within the team and restrict their movement to
certain areas of the court. During general play, a player with the ball can hold on to it for only three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to
another player. The winning team is the one that scores the most goals. Netball games are 60 minutes long. Variations have been developed to
increase the game 's pace and appeal to a wider audience.
Netball is most popular in Commonwealth nations, specifically in schools, and is predominantly played by women. According to the INF, netball is
played by more than 20 million people in more than 80 countries.[12][13] Major transnational competitions take place, including the Netball
Superleague in Great Britain and the ANZ Championship in Australia and New Zealand. Three major

Jeffrey Brodeur
The osprey cam viewers were originally slightly distressed about the food situation in the nest because the mother didn't appear to be sharing the food
with her offspring as much as the viewers felt was normal. The situation escalated when the mother started attacking her three babies; she was pecking
at their heads and eyes while also using her talons to claw them. Over time, the babies became so hungry that they started attacking each other. At one
point, a nestling got his talon caught in a balloon strings that was in the nest and was no more vulnerable to the mother's attacks. Jeffrey Brodeur was
the person in charge of this webcam for the nest, and the behavior along with the backlash from the viewers led him to consult some osprey experts.
The experts that Jeffrey conferred with stated that although this behavior was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People need to be aware of what happens in nature and learn that removing wildlife from their homes is never the answer. People also need to learn
that having anthropocentric views can be very harmful. For example, seeing a dog show its teeth at you could be taken as a smile, which would
lead to you approach the animal, when it is a fear grimace, which should tell you to stop what you're doing and slowly back away. Although the
osprey situation isn't a matter of personal safety, it is still a good opportunity to help spread the word. From what I know about Dr. Chapman, she
would provide intelligent and kind words back to those osprey cam viewers who are begging the ospreys to be removed from the wild. She would tell
the viewers that she understands their concerns but that removing the ospreys from the wild would be much worse for the nestlings. In response to
Jeffrey Brodeur, she would tell him what the experts told him: to sit back and let nature take its course–although she would probably phrase it in a
much more eloquent

Review of John Carlin's Invictus
"Nelson Mandela is a man of destiny" –F.W. De Klerk (140). How did a man who spent 27 years in prison change the hearts and minds of people who
called him "terrorist in chief?" Is it possible for one man's determination and careful planning change the direction of a country so set on the norm?
John Carlin tells the story of Nelson Mandela through the eyes of people close to him as well as through the eyes of his enemies. Both friends and
enemies portray just his presence as overwhelming. Invictus tells the story of how Mandela used his overwhelming presence to unite a country through
the sport of rugby. The story begins on the morning of the 1995 Rugby World Cup championship game. The rest of the book details how he got to that
...
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Many right–wing extremist were very upset at the prospect of these talks. Constand Viljoen was a former overall commander of the SADF (South
African Defense Force). He soon become the leader of a group who called themselves the Volksfront. The Volksfront was a formation of many
right–wing groups who had joined together for military purposes. Their main purpose was to not allow the majority (blacks) to be able to vote.
These Afrikaners had been taught their whole lives that black people did not have the same rights as whites and had grown up in an apartheid society.
One day they decided to show their military prowess and marched to the World Trade Center. Unsure of what to do the riot police (mostly Afrikaners)
allowed the extremist into the building. No shots were fired, but Viljoen had shown that he had forces ready to act. Mandela was very troubled when he
heard the account of that day and immediately requested a meeting with Viljoen. Once again Mandela used his overwhelming presence and quelled the
concerns Viljoen and people like him had of the increasing likelihood of an ANC majority in parliament. After multiple meetings with Viljoen, the only
attacks that occurred did not include the entire Volksfront. Mandela was proving that he could impress even the people who despised him the most, but
he would later learn that was not enough to unite a country.
The first multirace elections in South Africa were held in April of 1994. As expected the

The United States Women 's National Team
The United States women's national soccer team is being torn under discrimination and how they are being treated as an individual. Throughout the
years, the women have accomplished so much more than the men, but yet are being paid less than what the men are making. They have experienced
rough conditions of the fields when they play their matches, which can lead to serious career ending injuries. The women have had enough of this
situation and they plan to bring this up to the U.S Soccer Federation, they hope the men will stick up for them and help them fight for their rights, the
women hope to get rid of Astroturf altogether and quit playing their matches on it, and has the federation been like this for a long time. So over the
years of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The importance is to know how they feel about this situation, which can put in a different perspective on how you were chosen to represent a country
but get brought down because of gender. It's our responsibility to know what's right and what's wrong in the federation and stick up for the people
being torn and brought down from discrimination. The U.S Soccer Federation is being brought to attention and being investigated of the discrimination
towards the women. For example, "The U.S Soccer Federation is a 501 nonprofit and the official governing body of the sport of soccer in the United
States."(Wikipedia1). This clearly demonstrates that the federation is in charge of the soccer, and it is understood that they are more than capable of
changing the discrimination between the women and the men. The significance is that being the federation they have all of the power to determine
how much pay each national team gets, and only they can do what's right in this situation. In addition, "According to a budget report from the U.S
Soccer Federation, the women's team is projected to bring in more than $17 million in revenues, including a $5 million surplus for a fiscal year 2017,
nearly doubling their male counterparts."(Santhanam1). This quote can help the women out by fighting with the federation on these statistics, showing

The Ending of White Minority and Nelson Mandela Essay
The Ending of White Minority and Nelson Mandela
In 1948, the Apartheid system officially started. A Dr. Malan introduced it. He established the structure of Apartheid because he exclaimed different
races could not live amongst each other in harmony and needed to live separately. Some might argue it was because he wanted to secure the supposed
superiority of the White minority. It ended within 50 year of starting.
This essay is going to explain how Nelson Mandela, once just a member of a small Black tribe in the depth of South Africa, fought Apartheid to become
a worldwide figurehead for non– Whites, the first Black president of South Africa, in 1994. It will also explain to what extent his ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Drastic times lead to drastic measures, so Mandela sought temporary refuge in neighbouring countries, ruled by Blacks to set up militia groups.
Mandela study military tactics for a long time and used that knowledge to train his group to sabotage electricity supplies for White neighbourhoods,
strike government buildings and cause a general disruption for the Whites. But in 1962, on Mandela's return to South Africa, he was arrested.
This is a key factor in which opinion disagrees with Mandela solely ending Apartheid. When arrested he was sent to a high security prison on Robben
Island, off the coastline of South Africa, for 26 years.
Although, in response, others feel Mandela was a figurehead who inspired other Blacks to fight for their cause. Also he receives credibility for the
awareness around the world at the time.
After Mandela's release he became president of South Africa in 1994, and with help from his White deputy, de Klark, managed to dismantle the
Apartheid state.
When Mandela took refuge it was at a time when a trend swept across the continent of Africa. During the late 50s and throughout the 60s, the White
colonies that ruled over 30 countries in Africa gave independence to the Black peoples of the countries. This allowed Black people to govern
themselves. The trend seamed to spread from North to South–Africa from Libya, in the North in 1951 through to Egypt

Informative Essay On Rugby
We all know the amazing game of football. We can all name some of the great players we see today, and overall, we can say we all associate with
one team. Football is a nationally loved and played sport. However the counterpart of this amazing sport receives far less love and attention then it
should. Rugby, is a relatively unknown sport in many parts of the United states. Rugby, which usually is referring to either the Rugby Union, or the
Rugby league, which are the two organizations that lead the organized playing of the sport. Rugby is a team contact sport, just like football, which
originated in England. Rugby is played with two teams of fifteen players, and they used an oval shaped ball on a rectangular field with H shaped goal
posts on each try line.
Rugby is a popular sport around the world. In the last check, which was in 2014, it was found that over six million people worldwide played rugby,
and out of that six million, 2.37 were found to be registered players. Rugby, which was started in humble beginnings, has become a world recognized
and played sport. Now, lets dive a little deeper into the history of this sport. In 1823, is the supposed initial mistake that lead to the development ...
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IN the next coming years England and France had a match, and then in the early 20th century, rugby was included in the Olympic games. Then,
during the first world war, games were continued, however only through service teams. However, this is completely different than world war two.
No games were professionally played, however some college teams continued to play, as in Cambridge and Oxford. However, after the war Rugby
lead more professional career as a sport. The first World Cup was held in Nineteen eighty seven. It was held in Australia and New zealand, and the
winner was New Zealand. Also, the first World Cup Sevens Tournament was held. It took place in murrayfield in nineteen ninety

Analysis Of The Movie ' Temple Grandin '
During class, the teacher showed us two movies during the course of the semester revealing the lives of two important people and their significance of
their actions.. The first movie was "Temple Grandin", which told a story of a young woman who suffered repeated setbacks from her autism
throughout the entirety of her life. Mostly, ridiculed by her peers and even in her male dominated profession, Animal Agriculture. Grandin remain
persistent in achieving her goals and eventually overcame her oppositions one by one. Similarly, "Invictus" follows the familiar theme of rising against
adversary with Nelson Mandela sworn into office after the disintegration of the South Africa's apartheid, the nation suffers low morale and division
among each other. The Springboks, the national rugby team suffers criticism among the African, due to the colors representing the history of apartheid.
Mandela embraced the Rugby team and encourage them to win the 1995 World Cup in order to unify the entire nation, with support of the president
and the South African people the team eventually won the Cup and achieve unification. Overall, I believe "Temple Grandin" delivered the better picture
than "Invictus" due to the use of flashbacks at moments to illustrate the story, accuracy in depicting the character, and suspense at certain parts of the
film enhance my perspective.
First, the use of flashbacks in "Temple Grandin" helped create a level of atmosphere dealing with the troubled history of especially

Historical Reflection Of The Film 'Invictus'
Elizabeth Garcia Perales
Professor Williams
English 101
10/24/17
Invictus
The two segregated fences that separated South Africa were broken down by former South African President Nelson Mandela, who used South
Africa's Springboks rugby team as a tool to unite the economically and racially divided country that was suffering by the Apartheid that lasted about
50 years. Yet Nelson Mandela made it his goal to conquer the white supremacy and racial segregation of his beloved country. Mandela's long journey
and dedication for South Africa was duplicated by Director Clint Eastwood's Oscar–nominated film, Invictus. In novel Invictus by John Carlin he
makes Nelson's Mandela's accomplishment of ending the apartheid more strategic and political unlike the film but kept to Mandela's character. Clint
Eastwood showed Mandela as powerful, yet approachable and humble leader who strategically used the popular universal language of sports to unite
post–apartheid South Africa. Director Eastwood balanced the historical significance of South Africa's struggles of the time and was yet able to make
the film into a classic hollywood sports drama.
When Nelson Mandela was elected as South Africa's president he did not take any breaks, his mission and dedication showed in all his actions to
remove hate and racial inequality from his country. During Mandela's first few days of his term he noticed that the cabinet members of the Apartheid
were quickly leaving as the new cabinet members stepped in and he saw this as an opportunity to remove racial segregation in the workplace. Mandela
respectfully asked the Afrikaner members to join his committee to try and give equality throughout post–apartheid South Africa. Many South African's
were shocked by Mandela's forgiveness, even the black Africans of his own cabinet, who have to work alongside the same Afrikaners who
singlehandedly made the Apartheid. Clint Eastwood included this event in the film because it spotlighted on Mandela's efforts and his commitment to
promote progress in South Africa.
The moment of Mandela's direct leader abilities was captured in the film and novel when he fights the new Rugby Sport and Clint Eastwood added
how separated black and white

The Olympics' Promise to Bring Countries Together Essay
The Olympic Games are a set of friendly competitions that bring countries from all around the world together, but many social, political, and economic
problems in the past and present including racial and sexual discrimination and apartheid have prevented the Olympic Games from fulfilling their
promise to bring countries together. The Olympics are a set of games that occur every 4 years in the winter and the summer. These games bring
countries from all around the world together for friendly competition. The IOC (International Olympic Committee) is the governing body of the
Olympic Games. Their headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland. The Olympics are the most important athletic competition in the world.
It brings together the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1968, two black American male athletes made history at the Mexico Olympics by making a silent protest against racial discrimination during the
American National Anthem in the victory ceremony. Tommie Smith and John Carlos, gold and bronze medalists in the 200m run stood with their
heads bowed and a black–gloved hand raised as the American National Anthem played. Both men wore black socks and no shoes and Smith wore a
black scarf around his neck. They were demonstrating against the continuing racial discrimination of black people in the United States. When they left
the stand at the end of the ceremony they were booed by the crowd. At the press conference after the event Tommie Smith said: "If I win I am an
American, not a black American. But if I did something bad then they would say 'a Negro'. We are black and we are proud of being black"(BBC
On this Day 1968: Black athletes make silent protest). Smith raised his right fist to represent black power in America, and Carlos raised his left
fist to represent black unity. Together they form an arch of unity and power. The black scarf represented black pride and the black socks with no
shoes stood for black poverty in racist America. A person from the IOC said it was "a deliberate and violent breach of the fundamental principles of
the Olympic spirit"(BBC On this Day 1968: Black athletes make silent protest). This was a social and political

Research Paper On Rugby
Rugby Should be a School Sport Imagine it is a Friday night underneath the lights, in October, and you are walking into a stadium packed with fans
cheering. But the only noise you can hear is the sound of your cleats hitting the pavement as you are marching up to the field, and the only thing you
see is the other team and the end zone. It is such a stimulating feeling, it is unforgettable. Now, you may think I am talking about an Americanfootball
game, but I am not. I am talking about a rugby match. Believe it or not, football derived from rugby. Differences are in rugby, there are no pads, the
ball does not have laces, fifteen men to a side, and above all else, it is an international sport and it is safe compared to football. How come ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
President Barack Obama is worried about the future of the sport, he told interviewer Homa Khaleeli with The Guardian. "He said if he'd had sons
he would have thought "long and hard" before allowing them to take up the national sport, insisting the game should become less violent, and
adding that he was particularly anxious about college players." (Khaleeli). One study that The Guardian used to expose the trauma that football
players receive is that out of 35 football players that was examined, 34 showed signs of brain trauma. "In rugby, players are taught to use their arms
to wrap a player's legs and let the momentum of that player cause him to go to ground. Furthermore, in rugby there is no blocking, and so players
who don't have the ball don't get hit when they're not expecting it." (Micheli). Lyle Micheli is a doctor of fifty years and played rugby himself, he
stated the tackling technique that is used in rugby because he wanted to expose that the technique is very different and much safer than how football
players tackle. "To be sure, rugby players get lots of bloody noses, chipped teeth, broken fingers but they like to show off these injuries, so one might
come under the impression that rugby is a very rough sport." (Mckenna). Jim Mckenna is a doctor and rugby coach. He brought up a valid point, sure
rugby

Australia 's Range Of Legal Requirements That May Affect...
In Australia A range of legal requirements that may affect business. These are Business structure, Leasing premises, Intellectual property (IP),
Employment, Risk management and Health, safety and the environment (HSE).The legal requirements must consider when starting a business. So
one of the first things to find out when you 're starting out is what laws apply to your new business Trade barriers & others In last 30 years
Australia has progressively decreased trade restrictions as well as other trade distorting Measures which affecting goods. In 2005 it was 3.5
percent, down from 4.4 per cent in 2000. More than 47 per cent of tariff lines are duty free. The highest tariffs apply mainly to textiles and clothing
and to passenger motor vehicles and related items. Some 96.5 per cent of tariff lines are bound and Over 99 per cent of tariff rates are ad valorem.
But the specific rate applies only to cheese and curd, the compound rate applies to used cars Social /Culture Environment Corruption:– Corruption is
rare in Australia. It stands one of the least corrupt nation in the world. Because of well–functioning and independent judiciary, transparent regulatory
climate. Recent high–profile corruption scandals involving Australian public officials, most notably in the border protection services and the
procurement sector Reference Groups According to an agreed work–plan Working Groups made up of a small group of members established to
particular issues. Working

The American Jim Crow Laws And South African Apartheid
As a result of racial segregation in both the United States and South Africa, the coloured people's resistance escalated. In truth, this time of division
strengthened nationalism – their weapon that "[transformed their] common suffering into hope for the future" (Mandela, Notes to the Future 2012, 84).
Moreover, the American Jim Crow Laws and South African apartheid led to discrimination, activism, reform and most importantly reconciliation.
In both America and South Africa, the schism between Africans and their government worsened. Even though both nations gained independence from
Britain, the colonial mindset was persistent and continued to victimize other races. Despite the Emancipation Proclamation ending slavery, the United
States' Congress passed the Jim Crow Laws. In other words, these laws ensured that "blacks . . . had more in common with African–American slaves . .
. than with the [Caucasian businessmen]" (Bausum 2012, 19). Similarly, South Africa's National Party in 1948 legalized apartheid– South Africa's
brand of segregation. More specifically, these laws isolated races into separate buildings and enforced racial purity. To make matters worse, segregation
ensnared coloured people in poverty by depriving them of quality government services. For instance, in both countries intermarriage was a crime. Also,
the African–American garbage men received insufficient salaries that "[were] based on their garbage routes" rather than an hourly wage (Bausum
2012, 14). In

What Was The Evolution Of Rugby
Rugby is a very popular sport in England that is best known to have been born in 1873, when William Webb Ellis, with fine disregard for the rules
of soccer, considering the fact that soccer rules hadn't even really taken serious yet anyways, was playing soccer at rugby school where he attended,
when he took off with the ball in his hands, thus originating the distinctive feature of the Rugby Game. This is also the explanation of why the Rugby
world is called the "William Webb EllisTrophy."
However, Rugby originated from various earlier ballgames similar to itself, before it's time .It developed slowly over time throughout the fifth century
of our common era due to the other games that resembled itself, or football in a rougher, unruled way,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stoppages for injury or to allow the referee to take disciplinary action do not count as part of the playing time, so that the elapsed time is usually
longer than 80 minutes.The referee is responsible for keeping time, even when–as in many professional tournaments–he is assisted by an official
timekeeper.If time expires while the ball is in play, the game continues until the ball is "dead", and only then will the referee blow the whistle to signal
half–time or full–time; but if the referee awards a penalty or free–kick, the game continues.
In the knockout stages of rugby competitions, most notably the Rugby world cup, two extra time periods of 10 minutes periods are played (with an
interval of 5 minutes in between) if the game is tied after full–time. If scores are level after 100 minutes then the rules call for 20 minutes of
sudden–death extra time to be played. If the sudden–death extra time period results in no scoring a kicking competition is used to determine the
winner. However, no match in the history of the Rugby World Cup has ever gone past 100 minutes into a sudden
–death extra time period. This paper
was a paper over the history and everything to do with rugby in Great Britain since it has started . It talk about the rules, the people that made all the
rules and all the people that helped start one of the most physical sports ever to be

The Olympics 's Impact On The Olympic Arena
Ever since its inception in 1896, the Modern Olympics has hosted an invisible sport: politics. The Olympics calls for "a halt to all conflicts ... [and
to] strive towards a more peaceful world," but politics soon spoiled its biennial message. "As the Olympics continue to dissolve into ... a political
competition ... they no longer ... justify the time and trouble," Dave Anderson, Pulitzer Prize winner for his sports column, wrote in the New York
Times in 1984. The Olympic spirit has routinely been used as an outlet for political agendas. With political and Olympic ambitions intersected, the great
international sports festivity negatively affects all nations involved. World leaders frequently use the Olympic arena as a stage for international... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boycotting has been used throughout history as an instrument for foreign policy. "For any Olympics to be a true Olympics, all the world's nations
should be represented," said Anderson. "Not ... those ... on one side or the other of political barbed wire." As a result of boycott, the essence of the
games–competition–diminished. At the 1980 Olympics where the United States decided to stay home, the Soviet Union swept 195 medals–the largest
won in history–followed by the United States in 1984 with 174 medals, when, by no surprise, the Soviets decided to miss. Ironically, the spirit of the
Olympics turned cold alongside the Cold War. "[The domination as a result of boycott] diminished any accomplishments in working hard," said Al
Oerter, a four–time Olympic gold–medal winner. TheOlympic Games quickly turned into a game for politicians, not the athletes. James Montague, the
2009 Best New Writer, wrote in CNN that Carter's idea of a "good, non–military way of protesting the invasion" was not effective, with the Soviet
occupation of Afghanistan lasting another eight years. The 1976 boycott was not effective either; the South African apartheid regime survived another
eighteen years. Boycotting did more damage at home than it did away: it proved horrible for the Olympic movement and for athletes like Don Paige,
a renowned track runner, who was left to watch the race he knew he could win. The Olympics also experiences political terrorism, which

Jade Butterflies Theme
Jade Butterflies is a historical fiction book written by Kathy M. Zhu. Jade Butterflies takes place in Beijing and Suchow. Young Mei is a young girl
who is interested in receiving an education at the Guiyan academy in Beijing, but tradition prevents women from studying and receiving an education.
When a traveling student, Shan Shu comes to stay in Mei's home she uses the opportunity to travel to Beijing with him. She disguises herself as a man
named Ming, and they travel together. On their journey they go through many adventures from escaping death to killing oversized snakes. When they
reach the academy Mei and Shan Shu become friends with Wu Long. After a couple of months Mei sees how corrupt the school's system is. If a
student was rich,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The imperial exams are a way for the "emperor to pick the best and brightest in the country for high ranking governmental positions." (131). Many
people bought their place in the imperial exam. "He made a lot of money off of many wealthy patrons by making sure their sons got chosen to take
the exams." (139). According to Wikepedia people did in fact buy their place in the exams. Once chosen for the exam they were taken to the
isolation huts where they would be locked in for nine days. The isolation hut was a small room with all the supplies needed for the exam. "A small
pile of candles, brushes, and ink sticks. There were blankets and sheets for a makeshift bed and a thick wooden plank with scrolls next to it." (156).
The utensils that were used were, "wolf hair brushes, an ink pad, two ink sticks and many gourds of water." (157). According to wolf hair brushes
were some of the finest brushes money could buy. The exam itself consisted of questions about famous writers and the last question they had to write a
seven–line poem. The imperial exams determined the life of many young scholars including Mei, Shan Shu, and Wu

The Documentary The Sixteenth Man
The documentary the 16th man tells the story of the South African rugby team winning the 1995 World Cup during a time when racial equality was a
major issue. The whites were in power in the country of South Africa and judging others based simply by their skin color. According to the video
blacks outnumbered whites 6 to 1, but still did not have the right to vote as the whites had complete control. Both sides were at odds with each other
fueled by anger and unjustified resentment. Then when the 1995 rugby World Cup was being held in South Africa the South African team was heavy
underdogs. The big news though was one of the better players on the team was a black man. This created some pride among their race and brought their
attention to the games. South Africa ended up shocking the world as they won the World Cup. This was big news and had a tremendous impact on
their fans. However, the biggest impact could not be measured by a trophy. The victory brought people together. Allowed people to realize there was
no need for the fighting and that they were not so different after all. The 1995 South African rugby team highlights how sport can unite people,
proving that social and political resolutions can be developed through sport. Nelson Mandela as a peaceful leader of the South African black
community he realized what sports could do for dying down the racial tension. The sport was bringing everyone together. Instead of picking racial
sides everyone was combined as

The 1981 Springbok Tour
Resource 8: (The History of South African Rugby) In fact Rugby dominated the non–white sports scene in places like the Cape colony and the Eastern
Cape in particular through to the late 1960s but rugby organisation (Western province coloured rugby union was founded in 1886 and the South
African Coloured Rugby Board (SACRB) was founded in 1896) and teams were kept segregated with discrimination against black and coloured players
and little government funding. In 1919 New Zealand toured South Africa, however, the SARFB stipulated that no players with Maori blood should be
included in the side. An All Black of West Indian extraction, Ranji Wilson, was sent home as a result. The Springboks themselves went on tour to
Australia and New ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To what extent did the choice not to ban the Springbok tour –despite the Gleneagles agreement, impact New Zealanders and effect the South African
/ New Zealand sporting relations?
FQ 2. IN what ways did the Protests during the springbok your resemble other protests that had occurred previously in New Zealand
My Revised/Final Focusing Questions:
FQ 1. To what extent did the choice not to ban the Springbok tour to NZ and other racist tours that occurred between New Zealand and South Africa
impact New Zealanders and effect the South African/ New Zealand sporting relations?
FQ 2. How did past protests in New Zealand compare to the Springbok tour of 1981 in the ways that protests were carried out?
Bibliography
Aren 't you pinning this on the wrong bloke? (n.d.). Retrieved April 22, 2013, from Natlib: http://natlib.govt.nz/records
/22773729?search%5Bi%5D%5Bcategory%5D=Images&search%5Bpath%5D=items&search%5Btext%5D=gleneagles+agreement+1977
Bastion Point Occupation Remembered. (2008, may 24). Retrieved April 25, 2012, from tvnz:

Politics in Sports
The Olympic Games are a worldwide competition that brings people of different cultures and backgrounds into one united area where they compete in
their specialized sports. These events, however, are not purely entertainment like they should have been. Today's societies are more dependent on
politics and therefore so are sports and the athletes competing, sometimes even without their own will. In various occasions across the world politics
was the main reason for athletes to withdraw from athletic events such as the world cup, Olympics, and any other worldwide or region wide
competitions. On the other hand politics sometimes are the reason that some teams re–establish themselves and get back into the world scene in sports.
This two sided... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Mexico City Olympics in 1968 was a different yet similar incident where racism, closely related to anti–Semitism in the way society views the
rights of people of all races and kinds. United States athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos, African American males, competed in the 200 meter race
and won first and third place respectively. When they went on the podium the men didn't wear their shoes revealing black socks, they wore black track
uniforms and when were given their medals they revealed black gloves on their hands while putting their fists in the air as an act of representing the
Black Power movement. Later on the two athletes were banned from the Olympic village because of their unfit political statement to the apolitical
athletic forum the Olympics are supposed to be. This statement created controversy that again stirred the athletic event away from its task of
entertainment into a worldwide argument. Politics again have been a disruption to the long awaited athletic event. The Olympic committee had done
the right thing by making an example of these athletes and the committees' long run efforts to exclude politics from worldwide events; however, it
never acted on the Nazi salutes that the Germans used in the Berlin Olympics. Some may argue that it was their country's national salute, but we all
know today that it had a political background behind it that shouldn't have been ignored. This incident had every sign of discrimination against the
African

Invictus Essay
In the movie Invictus, a divided country is reunited through the country's rugby team. The president, Nelson Mandela, asks the captain of the
Springbok's to win the world cup in order to make the South African people support their country's team.
The president visits one of the Springboks matches leading up to the world cup and notices that all the white South Africans are cheering for the
Springboks and all the black South Africans are cheering for the opposing team. This shows a lack of citizenship in the blacks, because they are
against their own country. It also shows a lack of cooperation, because they refuse to reunite their country. They instead would rather hate on the whites.
Another example from the movie that shows a lack of cooperation is the Springboks refusal to learn the South Africa national anthem. ... Show more
Even his own assistant believes that he would use his time to work on more important matters, instead of wasting his time on rugby. This causes
conflict and tension in the Union Buildings. We see a conflict resolution when the Springboks win the World Cup. There is actually quite a few
conflicts resolved when the Springboks win. The country comes together to celebrate the much anticipated victory of the team. Many doubters of
Mandela come to support him and his plans to unite the country. In this conflict the role that Mandela plays is the mediator. He is trying to bring the
country together and make them realize that the past is the past. As a mediator he is trying to get the two sides of the conflict to resolve their issues.
Mandela calls his country his family. If you ask him how his family is he will reply that he has a family of 42 million people. In order to be put in this
position of great power and influence he had to compromise on seeing his real

Nelson Mandela In South Africa
I am Nelson Mandela but everybody call me Madiba and I am a leader of South Africa. South Africa is not a normal country when the nation remains
s racially and economically divided after the end of apartheid. One country but two societies such as Black and White. As a Black leader, I do not have
a support from White community. "He can win the election but can he run the country?" – Ruin the country when apartheid still appears as well as not
let South Africa appears to be "on the verge of a civil war" are the monumental oppositions I have to face with. My mission is to unify the societies.
And this is my first day of working as the president position. When I walk into the Union Buildings, I can see the White staffs are bitter and
disrespect through their body language and action such as eyes cat down, arms folded and some of them turn away from me with the belongings in
their hands. Understand their thinking and feeling, I organize a small meeting to convince the staffs to stay with me and run the government with
their hearts. And when Jason, my bodyguard asks me for more men, I decide to use SAS staff because this is the opportunity to show the citizens
that South Africa is different now and we have to look into the future, I know Jason does not like this but I say with him "Forgiveness start here."
Few days later, I attend the rugby match between Springbok and England. This match likely to present the entrenched problems in South African
community. I can see how serious the situation is when the Black cheering England team and the White sport fans support the old ways with their
outdated flags. Moreover, when I arrive there are many aggressive people throw beer cans to me. At that day, our team lose. Based on the bad result,
National Sport Council decides to eliminate the emblem and colour of Springbok because they represent apartheid through the colour of the uniform.
As a leader of the whole nation, I believe rugby is the symbol of South Africa and Springbok is the factor for reunification without using any power or
taking away White South African their most valued traditions. Therefore, I ask the National Sports Council to restore the Springbok's name, emblem as
well as the colour. Luckily, I have

In 1894 the Modern Olympic Games were created in order to...
In 1894 the Modern Olympic Games were created in order to gain back popularity for France that was lost during the Franco–Prussian War but since
then countries have found themselves slipping into the Political Olympics. In 777 B.C. the Ancient Olympics were created in order to show the
athletic abilities and the evolution of humans and to encourage peace among the cities of Greece. The Modern Olympics were created in the late
1800's in order to redeem France after their loss in the Franco–Prussian War, since that point the Games have been politically motivated. The Olympics
bring increased public attention and publicity to the country hosting them. China, Germany, and Russia along with many other countries have used this
to their... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
from competing and were forced to follow strict rules as to who could even attend the Games. The Games were brought to an end in 393 AD when
Emperor Theodosius banned all "pagan cults." The Ancient Olympics were held for a total of one thousand one hundred and sixty nine years. 1870
marked the beginning of the Franco–Prussian War. This war was fought between France and Prussia with Germany as Prussia's ally. France was soon
defeated and was forced to give up Alsace and Lorraine in addition to paying reparations to Germany totaling five billion francs of gold. France was
now forced to face a unified Germany who soon became their enemy. The Franco–Prussian created a serious state of crisis between the new German
Empire and the new French Republic. There were several failed attempts to bring back the Ancient Olympics for hundreds of years after they were
banned, but in a new modern way. In 1890 Pierre de Coubertin began his attempt to create the Modern Olympic Games. Coubertin looked back on the
Franco–Prussian war with shameful eyes. He blamed France's loss of the war on the inadequate physical levels of the French soldiers. While France
was focusing their students on Greek and Latin classics, Germany was instilling a sense of athleticism into their citizens at a very young age. France
did not lose the Franco–Prussian war solely on their poor physical condition

British Culture
Summary of 'Britain'
The country and its people: an introduction for learners of English
Revised and Updated
Author: James O'Driscoll
Oxford
The chapters which you need to study for the exam are as follows: Chapters 1 – 5, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20 – 23 plus reader 07 2538 SCC UK:
Government and Monarchy
Chapter 1. Country and People
The British Isles lie off the north–west coast of Europe. It consists of two great isles and several much smaller ones.
– Great Britain is the largest Island.
– Ireland is the other large one.
There are two states:
– The Republic of Ireland
– The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The last state mentioned above is more familiar known as:
– 'the United Kingdom' or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Britain was brought into the mainstream of western European culture. This was the beginning of the English class system. The Normans introduced a
strong system of government. During this time Scotland remained independent.
Culturally speaking there were several aspects:

– Middle English and NOT the Norman French had become the dominant language in all classes.
– The Anglo–Saxon concept of common law NOT Roman law formed the basis of the legal system.
– Wales was never settled in great numbers by Saxon or Norman, thus (Celtic) Welsh language remained strong.
– Scotland gradually switched to English language and customs in the lowland.
– In this period Parliament began its gradual evolution into the democratic body which it is today.
Sixteenth century
The power of the English monarch increased in this period. The strength of the great barons had been greatly weakened by the Wars of the Roses:
The Wars of the Roses = During the 15th century the throne of England was claimed by representatives of 2 rival groups.
Tudor dynasty (1485–1603) – Established a system of government departments. Because of this, the feudal barons were no longer needed.
Parliament consists of:
– House of Lords (feudal aristocracy and the leaders of the Church)
– House of Commons (representatives from the towns and the less important landowners in rural areas)
Reasons for the rise of

The Ending of White Minority Rule in South Africa Essay
The Ending of White Minority Rule in South Africa
Apartheid was a major historical event, and perhaps the biggest event in South Africa's history. Apartheid is a policy of racial segregation, the word
means 'separateness' in Afrikaans. It was introduced in 1948 by the white minority and made sure that the whites were superior in every possible way.
However, the whites ruled over the blacks before this, using them as slaves for agricultural work and mining during the 1800s, and such racism was not
new.
Apartheid did not last for fifty years, and it was officially abolished in 1994. This was because the black people fought back, the most memorable and
famous black person to do so being a man ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The trial did not end until 1961 but he, and all the other defendants were found not guilty. After the Sharpeville massacre, the ANC and PAC
(Pan–African Congress) were both banned. These two organisations then turned their thoughts to more violent means of protest – the ANC's group was
named 'Umkhonto we Sizwe', meaning 'Spear of the Nation' or MK for short. The commander–in–chief of this guerrilla army was Mandela. MK
bombed government buildings and other targets such as pass offices, post offices and electricity pylons.
Mandela was put on trial in 1962 for visiting other countries and drumming up support; for this he was charged with five years imprisonment.
Later in the same year, the government passed a new law known as the Sabotage Act. This meant anyone found guilty of sabotage could be
sentenced to death. Mandela was one of several accused of sabotage at the Rivonia Trial in October 1963. Here, the police produced evidence of a
campaign of sabotage planned at Rivonia HQ. Mandela, who knew he was facing a life sentence no matter how good his defence, gave in and
admitted to planning acts of sabotage and helping to set up MK. This courtroom was also the setting of his four and a half hour statement, which some
said was a 'milestone in South African history'. Mandela was inevitably handed his life sentence along with some other defendants. But, with Mandela
in jail, could

Sydney Shield Essay
St Marys entered the Ron Massey Cup and Sydney Shield this season, and there was some unknown on how they would perform given they did not
participate in either competition last year. Players such as Bryce Cartwright, Peter Wallace, the Puletua's, and Michael Jennings played for the club as
juniors, with former NRL player, Geoff Daniela, playing in the Ron Massey Cup side. In what is a fantastic achievement for the club, both teams are
just one win away their respective Grand Finals, having successfully earned a spot in the Preliminary Finals with victories this weekend. To the Intrust
Super Premiership NSW, Mounties continued their dominance season in the Intrust Super Premiership NSW with a powerful 30–10 victory over the
Newtown Jets,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Western Suburbs will play Guildford next week, who knocked out the Auburn Warriors, despite the fact that Auburn finished ahead of them on the
ladder. Mounties' Sydney Shield victim this week, the Belrose Eagles, will take on the East Campbelltown Eagles next week after defeating
Cabramatta 38–26. It was an entertaining finish to the game, with the eighth placed Cabramatta side having a two–point lead with only nine minutes
remaining in the match. A quick–fire double to Craig Moustakas, plus a try to Ben Baker nudged the Eagles back in front, and will have another
chance next week, while Cabramatta's season is over. The other Sydney Shield team to play their final match of 2016 was the Guildford Owls, who
went down in a high–scoring 46–30 affair against the Wentworthville Magpies It was the Mackenzie's who dominated the scoresheet, with Karrol–Joe
bagging a hat–trick and Cecil scoring two more for the Magpies. They will play the Peninsula Seagulls, who despite finishing second on the
competition ladder, went down to St Marys 38 points to

Symbolism In John Steinbeck'sThe Moon Is Down?
Throughout time, countless surrenders have occurred, the most common in war. In John Steinbeck's novel The Moon Is Down, a small town
surrenders to invaders that changes how the people act and think. In Antigone, Antigone never surrenders, trying to put moral beliefs before the
law. The poem and movie Invictus suggest to never surrender and to control fate or destiny. This idea of surrendering is a motif in the works of
The Moon Is Down, Antigone, and Invictus. In the face of adversity, the human spirit prevails in those who never surrender what they love. The
Moon Is Down by John Steinbeck shows human spirit in the townspeople rebelling against the invaders. Because of the invaders taking over the
small town, the townspeople change how they think and their actions. The actions of the people are more intense when Alex Morden kills an
officer of the invaders, goes to trial and is executed. Mayor Orden says to Alex before he is executed, "Your private anger was the beginning of a
public anger" (Steinbeck 54). This trial and execution changes in many ways the actions of the people. The people start to gather weapons and
start to kill more soldiers. They also destroy train tracks, start avalanches, and weaken bridges. Mayor Orden describes to his peers what the spirit of
man does when it has been surrendered. Orden states, "... I think that all invaded people want to resist. We are disarmed; our spirits and bodies aren't
enough. A spirit of a disarmed man sinks," (Steinbeck 83). Mayor Orden wants to resist, and he will never actually surrender his small town; he wants
to fight back just like how Antigone fought against the law. The Greek play Antigone displays human spirit through Antigone when she believes that
moral beliefs are greater than law. In the beginning of the play, Antigone is fighting with her sister, Ismene, about burying their brother Polynices.
Ismene decides that she will not help Antigone bury the body. Antigone says, "No; then I will . . . to lie beside a brother whom I love" (58–63). This
foreshadows the conflict that is moral v.s. state law with Antigone. Antigone wants to bury her dead brother, Polynices, however it is against the law
because he was an enemy against the Theban empire.

Memorable Scene Of Invictus
Invictus Film review.
If you are interested in history, drama, sport or all three combined, then this film is for you. Invictus, directed by Clint Eastwood, is a legendary sports
biographical drama. Eastwood created the film with an intention of trying to show the power of sport and how rugby alone managed to unite the
mighty nation of South Africa. The story of how the power of the sport alone was able to do this during the country's terrible post–apartheid era is
shown in this potential tearjerker. This included the high tension between civilians, which was due to racial discrimination and had been present for
the previous 50 years as well. The inspirational Morgan Freeman plays the film's leading character, Nelson Mandela, who is the first ... Show more
Clint Eastwood, the director, continued to display the relevance of the issue throughout the film. He allowed the viewer to understand the situation in
more depth, and also encouraged them to realise the huge effect racism had within one country alone. The audience is also shown the amazing person
Mandela was, and Eastwood tries to inspire the viewers as well, by showing his sincere and unforgettable personality. Invictus is a film definitely
worth viewing, with the cast staying very true to their roles, with the combined truth of the script. Nelson Mandela's leadership is a huge part of the
films message, along with the power of sport, and the film sends a strong and inspirational message out to its

Table Mountain National Park and Cape Town
Good–looking, fun–loving, sporty and sociable. If Cape Town was in the dating game that's how her profile would read. And– for once – it's all true.
The Mother City of South Africa occupies one of the world's most stunning locations, with an iconic mountain slap–bang in her centre.
Advertisement
As beautiful as the surrounding beaches and vineyards can be, it's the rugged wilderness of Table Mountain, coated in a unique flora, that grabs
everyone's attention.
Long before the Dutch took a fancy to the Cape Peninsula in the 17th century, the land was home to the Khoisan people who valued the spiritual power
of the mountains and their life–providing water. While the European immigrants, and the slaves they brought here, have all shaped the ... Show more
Historic buildings have been saved, businesses are booming, inner–city crime is coming under control and you'll seldom be stuck for a parking space.
Factor back in those stunning mountains, magnificent surf beaches and outstanding vineyards and you'll soon discover – like many before you – that
it's easy to lose track of time while exploring all the wonders of this unique Southern African city. Now don't you think it's time you made a date with
Cape Town?
Read more: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/south–africa/cape–town#ixzz1qsQpfpOo
. The Western Cape offers the visitor a unique cultural and natural heritage and a rural easy–going atosphere, coupled with a first world Infrastructure.
Has a mediterranean climate, many blue skies and wonderful friendly people.
With its six distinct Regions, Cape Town Peninsula, Winelands, West Coast, Overberg,Garden Route, Karoo and Central Karoo, offers unparalleled
beauty, a scintillating variety of experiences and value for money. It boasts some of the world's most stunning tourist attractions, world–class
accommodation, world–renowned restaurants, the famous V & A Waterfront, Robben Island and of course Table Mountain, Golf Courses and
many entertainment venues.
Useful Information for Tourists
Climate:
As the country lies in the southern hemisphere, the seasons in South Africa are the reverse of those in the northern hemisphere. December

The Apartheid Of South Africa
Apartheid in South Africa was the main cause of the 1981 Springbok Tour Protests causing international resentment. The Apartheid soon became a
major controversy within New Zealand, as many people prefered boycotting in opposition to it, instead of continued sporting contact. Following the
Sharpeville Massacre, the international opposition towards apartheid increased dramatically, as the United Nations conservative stance changed to
strongly oppose it. The massacre and the system itself caused many nations to institute sporting and trade boycotts onto the South African government.
In 1968, the United Nations called for a sporting boycott against South African teams as a way to put pressure in the government there to ease
apartheid laws. Many New Zealanders were opposed on a brobdingnagian scale towards apartheid, and the arrival of the Springbok Team in 1981
forced the nation to confront apartheid head on, as the government has been previously reluctant to impose sanctions. Apartheid had a lasting effect on
New Zealand, and was the major cause of the Springbok Tour Protests and the debate still rages on today as people question the most effective way to
end regimes around the world, through isolation, or providing governments political, economic and social incentives to end systems.
New Zealand had previously engaged in a significant amount of sporting contact, especially with the South African Springbok Rugby Team. The
relationship between apartheid and the Springbok Team

Ancient Olympic Games
Comprehension
1.Say whether the following statements are true or false. Find the lines in the text that support your answer.
1. In fact, such sports as lacrosse, field hockey, bowling and horse racing were invented by the American Indians.
2. Many different sports were developed in Britain in the 19th century.
3. The headquarters of golf is located in Great Britain.
4. Two types of rugby football differ from each other only in the number of players.
5. Before 1865, brutality was a characteristic feature of prize fighting.
6. Cricket is widely spread in the English–speaking countries.
7. Schools and colleges in England followed similar institutions in the US in the revival of sports. 2.Choose the correct variant.
1. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With growth of interest in sport in the 19th century, and the organization В°f annual and traditional sport competitions, especially between schools and
universities, the idea arose of reviving the Olympic Games in the modern world. A Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, was the enthusiast whose
personal drive and initiative brought about the inauguration of the modern Olympic Games in 1896 with the participation of 311 athletes from thirteen
countries, competing in nine sports. At first, the modern Games were limited to men. Women first competed in the Games in 1910, playing golf, but
real women 's participation only began in Paris in 1924 with the inclusion of women 's athletics in the program. Winter sports were brought into the
Olympic program through the organization of special winter Games, first held in France at Chamonix in 1924, with competitions in ice–hockey, speed
skating, figure–skating, and skiing. These are still the basic events of the winter program, with the addition of bobsled and toboggan races. The most
impressive event of the opening ceremony of the Games is the taking of the Olympic oaths. First a representative athlete from the host country,
holding a corner of the Olympic flag, takes the following oath on behalf of all the participants: "In the name of all competitors, I promise that we will
take part in these Olympic Games,

Invictus
"Invictus" – Individual paper
"Invictus", is a powerful movie representing what Nelson Mandela taking the office as the first black president of South Africa and set to accomplish
great things. Nelson Mandela was the founder and lead of the African National Congress and spent 27 years in prison on charges for sabotage against
the white military and government to end apartheid. The movie starts with his release from prison on February 11, 1990 greeted by the black
population eager to fight while the white population was expecting the worse from it. The environment factors changed dramatically for Nelson and he
found himself ready to forgive those that imprisoned him and call them comrades. His amazing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mandela shows support and consideration to the chief's feelings and takes the time to explain why he made the decision. "Reconciliation starts here...
Forgiveness starts here, too. Forgiveness liberates the soul. It removes fear. This is why it's such a powerful weapon. Please Jason, try." The president
appeals at the very inner soul of the security chief.
To help people reaching to the same goal Mandela saw a rare opportunity in the rugby team. He knew that blacks spent years to hate the game and the
Springbok, the rugby team, since for them it represented the white supremacy and their boycott hurt them. Mandela himself admits doing just the same
while in prison on the Robben Island. This time he thinks about using Springbok to unite people and that the team needs to become winners. With one
year until World Rugby Cup 1995 to be played inSouth Africa, and him just taking office, Mandela doesn't lose time and invites Francois Pienaar, the
Springbok captain, for tea in his office to indirectly letting him know about what achievement is expecting of him: to win the World Rugby Cup in
1995 that would be hosted by South Africa. "You have a difficult job. Captain of the Springbok...We need to exceed our expectations." said Mandela.
This accomplishment was very challenging since the rugby team's performance was low but president set up his expectations very high requiring the
team to perform accordingly.
One important moment

Comparing Films 'Invictus And' Remember The Titans
The 2 films 'Invictus' and 'remember the Titans' are based on real life events, the main similarities between the films are racism and sport. The films are
based in different eras but the issues are similar the theme of establishing respect and trust through citizenship are portrayed in many ways.
When both the black and white teams are brought together the tensions arise when the players were forced to play together on the same team. The
tensions slowly eased during the two week training in camp Gettysburg. Coach Bill Yoast was a treasured member of the community and winning
coach who cared about his players. Once he decided to accept the assistant coach position under Boone to support his players. Im going to talk about
winning and losing tonight. You're already... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coach Boone was a coach how presented a very tough exterior Boone's behaviour and his leader ship style, as soon as Boone First met the Titan
Coach staff they knew that he was not wanted. Upon seeing Marshall's first offensive play ... shotgun? Who do they think they are, the New York
Jets? Invictus newly elected President Mandela. Believing he can bring his people together through the universal language of sports the Ruby team is
made up of all white coaches and team with one black player called Chester (token)." Chester is best known as the star winger as a former South
African rugby union player. The relationship that was made between Coach Boone and Coach Yoast slowly got better as the film went on. The movie
remember the titans combines fours stories. The time tested formula and the

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