1. 3.3
By: Ani, Coleman, Lauren, Trevor

2. Parenting Styles
 Authoritarian: Parents make all of the rules,
demand to be listened to. Don’t believe that
they have to explain their demands or actions.
 Authoritative: Democratic, children participate
in parents decisions, great deal of discussion
in such families. The children make decisions
for themselves, but parents to say no.
 Permissive: Children have the final say. The
parents may attempt to guide the children but
they don’t have much of a say.

3.  Psychologists later identified another parenting
style called “uninvolved parents” they are
typically egocentric towards their children, they
are uncommitted to their children and are
distant.
 Generally, children who grow up in
democratic/authoritative environments tend to
be more confident in themselves.

4. Learning Theories of
Development
 There are theories that suggest social rules is
altogether different from learning to ride a
bicycle/speak a foreign language.
 Cognitive-Development: learning theory
implies that the child is essientally passive- a
piece of clay to be shaped by experience
 Role Taking: children’s play that involves
assuming adult roles, thus enabling the child
to experience different points of view

5.  Moral Development: Lawrence Kohlberg’s
studies show just how important being able to
see other’s points of view is to social
development in general and to moral
development in particular.

6. Child Abuse
 Physical, mental, sexual abuse, negligent
treatment, or mistreatment of children under
18.
 Many abusive parents were mistreated as a
child
 Leads to antisocial depression, identity
confusion, loss of self-esteem, and other
emotional problems

7. Socialization
 Learning rules of behavior of the culture in
which you were born and grew up.
 Gives a sense of what’s “right” and “wrong” to
society living with other people

8. Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual
Development
 Oral Stage: Infant’s pleasure seeking focused on
mouth first 18 months of life
 Anal Stage: Infant’s pleasure seeking centered on
functions of elimination (1 ½-3)
 Phallic Stage: Infant's pleasure seeking focused
on genitals (3-6 years)
 Latency Stage: Sexual thoughts repressed ; child
focuses on developing socially and intellectually
 Genital Stage: Sexual desires renewed and
individual seek relationships w/o others (puberty-
adulthood)

9. Child Development
 Identification: process by which the child
adopts values and principles of same-sex
parents.
 Sublimation: process of redirecting sexual
impulses into learning tasks.

10. Stages of Moral Development
 Stage 1: Egocentric- don’t consider other
people’s point of view & no sense of right or
wrong. Main concern is to avoid punishment.
 Stage 2: Better idea of how to receive rewards
as well as punishment. Also learn golden rule.
 Stage 3: Sensitive to what people think, start
to seek social approval.

11. Stages of Moral Development
 Stage 4: Less concerned with approval of
others, key issue is law & order moral thinking
is rigid.
 Stage 5: People broaden
perspective, concerned if law is fair or not.
 Stage 6: Acceptance of ethical principles that
apply to others.