The document discusses genres and how they develop through repetition and recognition of conventions. Audiences come to expect certain conventions within different genres, like horror conventions in Halloween or teen conventions in Mean Girls. Genres are successful because audiences find familiarity comforting but producers also need to innovate somewhat to avoid boredom. Genres thus rely on a balance of repeating familiar conventions while also adding new elements or twists. This allows audiences to enjoy what they know while still being surprised.

2. “Genres are created through a process of
repetition and recognition leading to
anticipation and expectation.”
Graham Burton (2000) GENRE THEORY

3. Genre & Expectation
• As genres become established audiences
begin to have certain expectations
• Every genre contains generic conventions
that audiences would expect and gain
gratification from
• films like Halloween, Mean Girls and
IRobot rely upon differing conventions
relating to their specific genre

4. Why do We Like Genre?
Genre texts are successful because AUDIENCES like
their…
- Familiarity (like a warm blanket!)
- - They give us an informed choice
PRODUCERS of media texts like them as they..
- - Give them a blueprint or toolbox to use and
experiment with
- - They have a proven popularity
- - so they can (almost always) guarantee some success
- - They can target their audience more easily - marketing
campaigns etc…

5. How Genres Change
All genre texts combine…
• “The familiar and the unexpected”
(G.Burton 2000)
• The “same but different” (Nick Lacey
1999)

6. How Genres Change
• Repetition of the conventions could lead to boredom.
To keep us interested producers offer us what we know
with a twist
This can be …
- Hybridity
- New Techniques
- Modern Social Issues
- Different characters

7. Genre
Hybridity/Hybrid: The fusion or combination of
different genre styles
• Repetition and Difference:
Most media texts have a pattern of repetition and
difference.
They have identifiable similarities, but also
contain new elements or similar elements used in
new ways.

8. Steve Neale
‘Genres are instances of repetition and
difference’.
He adds that difference is absolutely
essential to the economy of genre’ :mere
repetition would not attract an audience.

9. What do genres mean for audiences?
Audiences...
- can select texts based on their genre.
• have expectations about a text based on its
genre, allowing them to draw pleasures from its
conventions, such as repeated narratives.
However, pleasure can also be drawn from
differences
- identify with repeated elements in generic texts
and may shape their own identity in response.

10. What do genres mean for producers?
Producers…
- market texts according to genre because an
audience of fans of that genre has already been
established.
- - standardise production practices according to
genre conventions.
- - subscribe to established conventions but also
allow creativity within a given format to keep
the genre fresh/modern .

11. GENRE CONCLUSIONS
• Genres have a certain amount of predictability and
repeated elements, which make them distinctive
and which help to define them.
• All genres have a portfolio of key elements
(conventions)from which they are composed.
• Not all examples of a genre will have all the
elements all the time.
• It is these elements which make up the formula or
a repetition of elements of a given genre.
• Genres can be combined to create new forms or
Hybrids