Codes and Conventions - TV News Programme
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The document discusses codes and conventions of TV news programmes. It describes typical features like news packages, outside broadcasts with reporters on location, pieces to camera, general views to illustrate stories, and voiceovers with visuals. It notes that news presenters in the studio have a desk or table set, address the camera directly to connect with viewers, and are well-groomed in suits to look authoritative. Presenters clearly announce top stories, use the present tense and active voice to add drama, and emphasize points with pauses.
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News codes and conventions
A brief intro to the codes or conventions of broadcast TV news (used in the factual programming unit)
Codes and conventions of tv news
TV news programmes seek to educate and inform viewers about important local and global issues. They have become a major entertainment and educational platform since the early 1900s. Newspapers have declined as people now get news from TV updates, rolling news coverage, mobile devices, and social media.
conventions of a news show
The codes and conventions of news shows can be divided into technical and symbolic categories. Technical codes include formatting and font sizes, while symbolic codes convey deeper meanings. A typical news show contains studio news readers, actuality footage from the field, interviews with eyewitnesses and experts, links between reporters in different locations, and a structured presentation of stories. Reporters gather information from various sources and aim to keep audiences informed about important events in an understandable way.
History of Radio Dramas
This document discusses the history and elements of radio dramas. Radio dramas were popular in the 1930s-1950s as they relied on narration, dialogue, music and sound effects to tell stories without video. By the late 1930s, radio dramas were widely popular in genres like mysteries and soap operas. After television was introduced, radio drama popularity declined in the US with most being cancelled by 1960. Key elements of radio dramas included narration to set the scene, dialogue between characters, music to transition between scenes or set mood, and sound effects to establish the environment. With podcasting, radio dramas have become popular again as they can be created and distributed easily.
Types of camera angles
There are several types of camera shots and movements that can be used in film and media to convey different meanings or perspectives. A close up shot focuses on a small object or person's face to make them the focal point. A high angle shot looks down on a subject, making them seem small and vulnerable. A low angle shot looks up at a subject, making them appear powerful. Camera movements like pans, tilts, dolly shots and crane shots can follow or reveal action, while hand held shots provide a gritty, immersive feel. Zoom lenses allow changing magnification without moving the camera.
Sitcom codes and conventions
This document provides an overview of common codes and conventions used in television sitcoms. It defines the mnemonic "FARTS SS CC" which stands for the main elements - the family as central characters, the audience/viewers being targeted, realism through exaggeration and empathy, typical episode timings and setting, use of stereotypes, a simple narrative structure, a regular cast of characters plus outside characters, and canned laughter. The document encourages reviewing these codes and conventions by completing a revision table applying them to a specific sitcom as examples.
Codes and conventions of radio
The document discusses codes and conventions used in radio broadcasting. It explains that codes include aspects of speech, music, sound, and silence used to convey meaning. Conventions discussed are aural signposting to set the scene without visuals, using cliffhanger endings to engage listeners, employing narration and direct speech to guide listeners who cannot see, and including titles and credits to acknowledge those involved in production.
TV Production Overview
This PPT was created for a high school Mass Communications and Television Production course in Albuquerque, NM.
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News codes and conventions
A brief intro to the codes or conventions of broadcast TV news (used in the factual programming unit)
Codes and conventions of tv news
TV news programmes seek to educate and inform viewers about important local and global issues. They have become a major entertainment and educational platform since the early 1900s. Newspapers have declined as people now get news from TV updates, rolling news coverage, mobile devices, and social media.
conventions of a news show
The codes and conventions of news shows can be divided into technical and symbolic categories. Technical codes include formatting and font sizes, while symbolic codes convey deeper meanings. A typical news show contains studio news readers, actuality footage from the field, interviews with eyewitnesses and experts, links between reporters in different locations, and a structured presentation of stories. Reporters gather information from various sources and aim to keep audiences informed about important events in an understandable way.
History of Radio Dramas
This document discusses the history and elements of radio dramas. Radio dramas were popular in the 1930s-1950s as they relied on narration, dialogue, music and sound effects to tell stories without video. By the late 1930s, radio dramas were widely popular in genres like mysteries and soap operas. After television was introduced, radio drama popularity declined in the US with most being cancelled by 1960. Key elements of radio dramas included narration to set the scene, dialogue between characters, music to transition between scenes or set mood, and sound effects to establish the environment. With podcasting, radio dramas have become popular again as they can be created and distributed easily.
Types of camera angles
There are several types of camera shots and movements that can be used in film and media to convey different meanings or perspectives. A close up shot focuses on a small object or person's face to make them the focal point. A high angle shot looks down on a subject, making them seem small and vulnerable. A low angle shot looks up at a subject, making them appear powerful. Camera movements like pans, tilts, dolly shots and crane shots can follow or reveal action, while hand held shots provide a gritty, immersive feel. Zoom lenses allow changing magnification without moving the camera.
Sitcom codes and conventions
This document provides an overview of common codes and conventions used in television sitcoms. It defines the mnemonic "FARTS SS CC" which stands for the main elements - the family as central characters, the audience/viewers being targeted, realism through exaggeration and empathy, typical episode timings and setting, use of stereotypes, a simple narrative structure, a regular cast of characters plus outside characters, and canned laughter. The document encourages reviewing these codes and conventions by completing a revision table applying them to a specific sitcom as examples.
Codes and conventions of radio
The document discusses codes and conventions used in radio broadcasting. It explains that codes include aspects of speech, music, sound, and silence used to convey meaning. Conventions discussed are aural signposting to set the scene without visuals, using cliffhanger endings to engage listeners, employing narration and direct speech to guide listeners who cannot see, and including titles and credits to acknowledge those involved in production.
TV Production Overview
This PPT was created for a high school Mass Communications and Television Production course in Albuquerque, NM.
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Radio drama is a purely audio performance broadcast on radio that relies on dialogue, music, and sound effects to help listeners visualize the story without visuals. Codes and conventions are elements that must be included in radio dramas, such as scripts containing cues for dialogue, music, and effects to convey the writer's intentions. Music and sound effects create atmosphere and add realism, while silence builds tension. Character voices with different accents show various personalities to engage listeners.
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Camera shots, angles, movement.
A shot is a series of frames recorded during an uninterrupted period of filming. There are various types of shots defined by their camera distance, angle, and movement. Shots can be categorized as extreme long shots, long shots, mid shots, close-ups, point-of-view shots, and more. Camera angles are also used to convey meaning, such as high angles suggesting inferiority and low angles suggesting superiority. Common camera movements include panning for horizontal rotation, tilting for vertical rotation, zooming, and tracking with a dolly.
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This document discusses various codes and conventions for producing effective radio content. It outlines that wording, voice, ambience, music, cliffhanger endings, flashbacks/extracts, narration, and targeting the appropriate audience are all important considerations. Specifically, it notes that wording must be crafted to engage listeners without visuals, voices should be clear and expressive, ambience can set the scene, music shapes mood, cliffhangers build intrigue, extracts preview content, narration conveys key details, and targeting ensures reaching the right demographic.
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Film Sound Techniques
This document discusses different types of sound that can be used in films, including diegetic sound that comes from within the world of the film and non-diegetic sound that is added in post-production. It notes that diegetic sound helps create a sense of place and events, while scripted dialogue moves the story forward and develops characters. Non-diegetic music and voiceovers can interpret emotions and enhance understanding of characters. Sound can also be used to link sequences, reflect themes, position the audience, and match or contrast events on screen through parallel or contrapuntal use.
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Editing techniques
An editor selects and arranges shots to convey meaning to the audience. There are four main transition types - cut, dissolve, fade, and wipe. A cut is the most common and invisible transition, while a dissolve mixes one shot out as another mixes in to show a connection. Fades signal changes in time/space. Wipes push one image offscreen to change location. Transitions should be used purposefully to advance the narrative or develop characters and ideas through continuity or montage editing styles.
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Codes and conventions
This document discusses the codes, conventions, language, and grammar used in television news reporting. It outlines different types of news packages like voiceovers and interviews that are used to tell stories. It also describes common on-screen graphics, the formal studio environment, and linguistic techniques employed by news anchors and reporters to concisely communicate information in a compelling yet authoritative manner due to time constraints. Location shoots and links back to the studio aim to give the appearance of capturing live news. Formal dress codes and direct address aim to reinforce the seriousness and importance of the news.
Codes and conventions
This document discusses the codes, conventions, language, and grammar used in television news reporting. It outlines different types of news packages like voiceovers and interviews that are used to tell stories. It also describes common on-screen graphics, the formal studio environment, and linguistic techniques employed by news anchors and reporters to convey information concisely and set the proper tone within time constraints. Location shoots and links back to the studio aim to give the appearance of capturing live news. Formal dress codes and direct address aim to reinforce the seriousness and authority of the news.
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CONTENT:
1.)WHAT IS STUDIO PRODUCTION?
2.)S.T.U.D.I.O TOOLKIT
ALL MENTIONED IN SHORT, SIMPLE AND UNDERSTANDABLE LANGUAGE.
Film editing techniques
This document provides information on film and video editing techniques. It defines film editing and describes concepts like montage and juxtaposition. It lists different types of cuts and edits that can be used, including examples, and discusses relationships between shots. It also defines continuity editing and the Hollywood method. The document analyzes a scene from Inglorious Bastards to demonstrate spatial relationships and the use of cross-cutting/parallel editing.
The Radio Drama & Podcasting
The document discusses the history and evolution of radio dramas and podcasting. Radio dramas began in the 1920s and flourished through the 1940s but declined with the rise of television. Orson Welles' 1938 radio drama "War of the Worlds" caused widespread panic by sounding like a news broadcast. While most radio dramas ended by 1962, National Public Radio continued producing some. Podcasting has revived the radio drama format by making audio productions easily accessible online. Popular podcasts like Serial have brought new audiences to the genre.
Presenting the news
This document provides guidance for news presenters and anchors. It discusses the qualities needed such as authority, personality, credibility and professionalism. It emphasizes the importance of clear vocal delivery and establishing rapport with the audience. The document also covers mechanics of news reading such as pace, breathing, projection and emphasis to effectively communicate stories.
Codes and conventions
This document discusses various codes and conventions used in documentaries, including:
1) News readers, field reporters, links to studio, mode of address, interviewees, experts and witnesses, and report structure.
2) Formats such as expository, observational, interactive, reflexive, and performative.
3) Elements of realism including actuality footage, interviews, and photos.
4) Dramatization and narrativisation techniques.
A2 Media Studies - Camera Angles and Movements
This document provides definitions and descriptions of various camera angles and movements used in filmmaking. It defines wide establishing shots, close-ups, point-of-view shots, and cutaways. It also explains different types of camera movements including dollying, tracking, panning, tilting, zooming, and the dolly zoom technique where the camera dollies while zooming to maintain subject size.
Radio drama presentation
Radio drama is a purely audio performance broadcast on radio that relies on dialogue, music, and sound effects to help listeners visualize the story without visuals. Codes and conventions are elements that must be included in radio dramas, such as scripts containing cues for dialogue, music, and effects to convey the writer's intentions. Music and sound effects create atmosphere and add realism, while silence builds tension. Character voices with different accents show various personalities to engage listeners.
Common broadcast-terms1
This document defines common broadcast terms used in radio and television. It describes terms related to station identification, time checks, program introductions and closings, commercials, credits, and other elements of broadcast programming, operations, and regulation. Key terms include station ID, time check, spiel, sign on/off, opening/closing billboards, commercial spots and breaks, bumpers, credits, dead air, and music and sound effects terms. The document provides definitions and examples to explain the meaning and proper use of these standard industry terms.
Camera shots, angles, movement.
A shot is a series of frames recorded during an uninterrupted period of filming. There are various types of shots defined by their camera distance, angle, and movement. Shots can be categorized as extreme long shots, long shots, mid shots, close-ups, point-of-view shots, and more. Camera angles are also used to convey meaning, such as high angles suggesting inferiority and low angles suggesting superiority. Common camera movements include panning for horizontal rotation, tilting for vertical rotation, zooming, and tracking with a dolly.
Radio Script writing and Broadcasting
The document provides guidance on writing effective radio scripts, including formatting, structuring different types of scripts, technical considerations, and best practices. It outlines the key elements of a radio script, such as formatting, structuring stories, using clear and concise language, and ensuring scripts are well-organized, easy to understand, and timed appropriately. The document also provides examples of different script elements and a sample 5-minute radio script.
Introduction to Film
This document provides an overview of a GCSE Film Studies course. It discusses the course structure, which is divided into two exams and two coursework assignments. The exams will include analyzing an unseen film extract and discussing themes in Bend it Like Beckham. The coursework consists of analyzing a film of the student's choice and producing a short film. The document also outlines the objectives for one class, which are to introduce key film terms like genre and analyze how meaning is created through elements like mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, and editing. Students will watch a horror film scene and discuss which elements make it a horror genre film and how the technical elements create meaning.
Different types of camera shots
The document describes different types of camera shots including extreme wide shots, wide shots, mid shots, medium close ups, close ups, extreme close ups, point of view shots, over the shoulder shots, and 2-shots. Each shot type provides a different level of detail and perspective, from establishing shots that show just the location to extreme close ups that focus on one small area of the subject. The various shots can be used to provide information about characters, focus attention, show emotions, build audience relationships, and frame conversations.
Codes and conventions of radio
This document discusses various codes and conventions for producing effective radio content. It outlines that wording, voice, ambience, music, cliffhanger endings, flashbacks/extracts, narration, and targeting the appropriate audience are all important considerations. Specifically, it notes that wording must be crafted to engage listeners without visuals, voices should be clear and expressive, ambience can set the scene, music shapes mood, cliffhangers build intrigue, extracts preview content, narration conveys key details, and targeting ensures reaching the right demographic.
Mise-en-Scene: Design and Composition
Mise-en-scène refers to the overall look and feel of a movie, including the setting, costumes, props, decor, lighting, and acting. It has two aspects: 1) design, which is the look and feel of all visual elements, and 2) composition, which is the arrangement of objects and actors within the frame. Mise-en-scène works to advance the narrative and create motifs, while the setting can relate to the action, other settings, and settings in other films. Composition arranges elements within the frame to present the action and develop themes visually.
Film Sound Techniques
This document discusses different types of sound that can be used in films, including diegetic sound that comes from within the world of the film and non-diegetic sound that is added in post-production. It notes that diegetic sound helps create a sense of place and events, while scripted dialogue moves the story forward and develops characters. Non-diegetic music and voiceovers can interpret emotions and enhance understanding of characters. Sound can also be used to link sequences, reflect themes, position the audience, and match or contrast events on screen through parallel or contrapuntal use.
Introduction to Media Studies: Mise en scene
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Part of 4 lessons that include mise en scene, editing, camerawork and sound. Change titles to Agency and the text fits :(
Radio Broadcasting and Scriptwriting
Radio broadcasting involves the transmission of audio content via radio waves to a wide audience. Key aspects of radio broadcasting include delivering content orally in an engaging manner, respecting others, and ensuring accuracy of information. Effective radio scripts adhere to principles such as speaking conversationally, conveying information immediately, and using sound to connect with listeners on a personal level.
From Pre-Production to Film Production to Post-Production to Distribution
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Editing techniques
An editor selects and arranges shots to convey meaning to the audience. There are four main transition types - cut, dissolve, fade, and wipe. A cut is the most common and invisible transition, while a dissolve mixes one shot out as another mixes in to show a connection. Fades signal changes in time/space. Wipes push one image offscreen to change location. Transitions should be used purposefully to advance the narrative or develop characters and ideas through continuity or montage editing styles.
Cinematography ppt
This document provides an overview of key cinematography techniques used in filmmaking, including: framing, lighting, depth of field, camera shots/angles/lenses, and camera movements. It discusses techniques like high and low angles, close-ups, tracking shots, pans, tilts, and zooms and how they are used to convey meaning and influence audience perception. The document emphasizes that cinematography is a dynamic, essential part of film language that has evolved with camera technology to tell visual stories and efficiently communicate information through shots and lighting.
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Codes and conventions
This document discusses the codes, conventions, language, and grammar used in television news reporting. It outlines different types of news packages like voiceovers and interviews that are used to tell stories. It also describes common on-screen graphics, the formal studio environment, and linguistic techniques employed by news anchors and reporters to concisely communicate information in a compelling yet authoritative manner due to time constraints. Location shoots and links back to the studio aim to give the appearance of capturing live news. Formal dress codes and direct address aim to reinforce the seriousness and importance of the news.
Codes and conventions
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How a news channel works
TV news relies on visuals and short stories, while newspapers can provide more in-depth articles due to having more space. Anchors and reporters must have strong journalistic skills like understanding issues and being able to process information quickly. They also need communication skills like interviewing and being able to multitask. TV stations have studios where programs are recorded using multiple cameras. Programs are put together in the control room and can also be recorded on location using outside broadcast vans. Video is post-produced by editing together pre-recorded segments in edit suites. Behind the scenes support comes from departments like wardrobe, makeup, writers and researchers.
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Documentaries use various filming and editing techniques to provide information to viewers. Interviews are typically filmed with static cameras using the rule of thirds for composition. Presenters directly address the camera to engage viewers and provide additional context through voiceovers. B-roll footage, archival media, still images, and vox pops from ordinary people are incorporated to enhance understanding of the topic. Straight cuts and camera movements keep the narrative compelling while maintaining a realistic, non-fiction style.
Codes & Conventions
A news show follows certain codes and conventions including the use of studio news readers to present stories, field reporters who report from remote locations, and links between reporters and the studio. A typical news report structure involves a main story in the studio followed by a report from a field reporter and may include interviews and actual footage from events. Experts are also sometimes featured to provide context and analysis.
Conventions of Television News
Conventions of television news include using archival footage and interviews to provide context, L-cuts between visuals to transition shots smoothly, and titles to identify presenters and subjects. News programs also feature serious introductory music, identifiable station ids through color coding and locations, and shots of the newsroom to portray the production process. Photos are often zoomed slowly and faces anonymized to protect privacy while informing viewers. Overall, television news follows a structured format with headlines, reports, sports, and weather delivered in a formal, serious manner to objectively inform audiences.
Conventions of Television news
Conventions of television news include using archival footage and interviews to provide context, L cuts between visuals to transition shots, and titles to identify presenters and subjects. News programs also feature serious introductory music, identifiable station ids through color coding and locations, and shots of the newsroom to portray the production process. Photos are slowly zoomed and focused to highlight details, and faces may be anonymized to protect identities while demonstrating reporting techniques. Television news bulletins have a consistent format of headlines, reports, sports, and weather delivered in a formal, serious manner to inform viewers.
Conventions of a television news item
This document outlines several conventions of a television news item, including having TV presenters on a panel with a host, displaying titles with specific dates and times, and using archival footage and photos to illustrate past or related events being reported on. It also mentions conventions like representing the anchor as serious and formal, using mid shots of the anchor behind a desk, rack focusing to change lens or focus during shots, and including introductory and concluding music. The overall format is a TV news bulletin following a structure of headlines, reports on current affairs, sports, and weather using formal technical and presentation conventions.
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The document discusses various codes and conventions used in television news programmes, including: signing reports over to on-scene correspondents; anchors maintaining direct eye contact and clear speech to engage the target audience; and anchors dressing formally to appear trustworthy. It also outlines common report structures such as piece to camera shots, voiceovers, interviews, and graphics. Additional elements covered are identifications, library footage, re-enactments, links between on-scene reporters and anchors, and providing background details on reporters and interviewees. Modes of address aim to set a serious tone through techniques like direct camera engagement and formal speech.
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The document outlines several conventions used in documentaries, including interviews filmed with tripods using the rule of thirds, presenters who address the audience directly, backstage footage providing insight into the documentary's topic, archive footage and photographs showing changes over time, vox pops collecting public opinions, and establishing shots identifying important locations. Non-diegetic music is also used for interviews and voiceovers.
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The document analyzes different techniques used in TV news broadcasts, including the setting of news studio segments, on-location reporting, vox pops with members of the public, use of statistics and quotes, and conducting interviews. Key elements discussed are the formal attire of anchors and reporters, visual aids on screens, identifying information shown on graphics, shot types used and how they impact the viewer experience, and linking elements between different segments.
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News reports are found on TV and their purpose is to inform viewers about what is happening in the world. There are many types of news reports including environmental, religious, educational, entertainment, political, cultural, speeches, sports, accidents, courts/crime, and more. A news package tells a story using characters, facts, plot twists, and a climax to entertain viewers. Key parts of creating a news package involve pre-production planning, production such as interviews and filming B-roll footage, and post-production editing the package together into a cohesive story. Reporters, anchors, cameramen, and production staff all have important roles in creating and presenting the news.
Prodution evidence
The document discusses the production and editing process for a news program. Clips were chosen from the storyboard and cut together, adding sound and syncing footage for quality. Transitions like crossfades were used to fit conventions. Green screen allowed adding images and animations. Shots were framed to engage the audience, with presenters making eye contact. Costumes for presenters were formal like suits to match the house style.
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Basic conventions of a documentary
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Codes and Conventions - TV News Programme
- 1. Codes and Conventions – TV News Programme
- 2. • Studio Presenters: Often called news anchors they host the show reading or introducing the stories. • The studio set: Will usually have a table or desk and seats or a sofa. • The studio background: Likely to have images or graphics on it connected to the stories. Some show a busy newsroom to stress the urgency of the news. • Direct address to camera: Makes the audience connect to the audience. • Outside broadcast: At the scene of the story. Gives the impression of capturing news as it happens. Typical Features of a TV News Programme
- 3. Typical Features of a TV News Programme • News package: A single news feature linked to from the TV studio. These are pre-recorded and edited together beforehand. • Outside broadcast (OB): Live feed to a reporter at the location of the news story / event. Gives appearance of capturing news as it happens. • Piece to camera (PTC): Reporter addresses the audience straight down the camera. Could be in a live feed or part of a news package. • General Views (GV's): Shots used to illustrate a story. Visuals important in TV. • Voiceover (VO): Reporter's voice tells the audience the story and the facts with GV's as a wallpaper. • Interviews: Interviews with contributors (key people, witnesses, experts) about the story. • Vox-pops: Short interviews canvassing the opinion of the public. Voice of the people.
- 4. Visual Codes – What does the presenters appearance communicate to the audience? • It is vital that a news presenter looks authoritative and trustworthy. Neat , conservative haircut Suit: Professional, respectable, smart Direct address to camera, in the centre of the frame
- 5. Mode of Address • Direct address straight at viewers down the camera. • Use personal pronouns: Thank you for watching etc. • Very clear, smooth, fluent and articulate diction. • Title sequences capture fast moving pace of news. Music adds to brand identity. • News presenters announce top stories at the beginning of programme. • Interviewees generally look off camera to reporters • The use of present tense creates a sense of urgency. • Active voice to add drama. Emphasis and pauses.