Stigmatized Identity Essay

Stigmatized Identity Essay
Quinn, D. M., & Chaudoir, S. R. (2009). Living with a concealable stigmatized identity: The impact
of anticipated stigma, centrality, salience, and cultural stigma on psychological distress and health.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(4), 634–651.
Quinn and Chaudoir studied the psychological distress and health of people living with concealable,
stigmatized identities. The majority of past identity research focused on visible stigmatized
identities rather than concealable ones, so the authors of this study contributed to previous research
by studying internal identities. Before describing their hypotheses and methods, the authors
explained the meaning of a concealable, stigmatized identity and defined the different facets
associated with it. A concealable, stigmatized identity is an identity that one does not outwardly
reveal to others; it is an identity that diverts from social norms and may be perceived negatively by
members of the social majority. In other words, those who hide their identities may do so because
they anticipate stigma; they are aware of the negative stereotypes associated ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
I plan to study people who may not outwardly reveal their sexual orientations because they may be
uncertain about their sexual identities. In addition, the results of Quinn and Chaudoir's study will
inform my own hypothesis because I am essentially researching more specific aspects of their study.
Sexually uncertain individuals are a more specific category of people among the population with
concealed identities, and eating disorders are a specific mental health disorder. Because the authors
found that those with concealed identities have a greater prevalence of distress, I can make an
informed hypothesis that those who are uncertain about their sexual orientation have a higher
prevalence of eating disorders than those who are
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Bio-Psychosocial Model of Health and Illness
BIO–PSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS
INTRODUCTION
The medical model has been the predominant approach used by physicians in diagnosing and
management of diseases and illness in most Western countries. The biomedical model of illness and
healing focuses on purely biological factors, and excludes psychological, environmental, and social
influences. According to this model, good health is the freedom from pain, disease, or defect. It
focuses on physical processes that affect health, such as the biochemistry, physiology, and pathology
of a condition. It does not account for social or psychological factors that could have a role in the
illness. In this model, each illness has one underlying cause, and once that cause is removed, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Biomedical approach focuses its attention on physical symptoms and therefore the normal physical
state is a state of being whole and without any physical, mental disease and free from any pain, so
that all the parts of the body can carry on their proper functions fully.
According to Alloy, Jaconson, and Acocella (1999), the biomedical model compares abnormal
behavior to any other disease and therefore has specific causes and specific set of symptoms.
Therefore the medical model also implies that the abnormal behaviour is biogenic, that is, it results
from a malfunction within the body especially the brain. This suggests that psychological symptoms
are due to structural abnormalities in the brain's neurotransmitter systems, or faulty genes.
Biogenic theories of abnormal behavior have been in existence since ancient times. In the middle
ages and the renaissance, they coexisted with supernatural theory which believed that abnormal
behavior was caused by God or more often by the devil (Hoeksema, 2001). In the eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries, religious explanations were gradually replaced by biological
explanations. The newly dominant medical approach was soon strengthened by a series of important
breakthroughs which was done through biomedical researches and therefore several previously
unexplained behavior patterns were found to result from brain pathologies((Hoeksema, 2001). Such
discoveries strengthened greatly the biogenic theory of

Self-Disclosure in Relationships
Self–Disclosure 1 Self–Disclosure in Relationships We as individuals' decide what, when and to
whom, and how much to disclose personal thoughts and feelings. Although level of self–disclosure
and personal relationships are not synonymous concepts, self–disclosure plays an important role in
constructing what kind of relationships individuals have with each another.1 Self–disclosure,
depending on reactions of relationship partners, also plays an important role in validating self–worth
and personal identity.2 The best place to begin is with a definition. Self–disclosure is the process of
deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and would not naturally be
known by others. Self–disclosure must be deliberate. One ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are four levels of communication that suggest why relationships can be frustrating.
Sometimes the communicators might never get to the levels of personal opinions and feelings. At
other times communicators can spend too much time at these personal levels. These levels are as
follows: Clichés: Clichés are ritualized, stock responses to social situations–virtually the opposite of
disclosure. Although they sound superficial, clichés can also serve as codes for messages we don't
usually express directly, such as "I want to acknowledge your presence" accompanied by Self –
Disclosure 4 a different set of nonverbal cues, a cliché can say "I don't want to be impolite, but
you'd better stay away from me now." Whatever valuable functions they may serve, it's clear that
clichés don't qualify as self–disclosure. Facts: Not all facts qualify as self–disclosure. They must fit
the criteria of being intentional, significant, and not otherwise known. Facts can be meaningful in
themselves, but they also have a greater significance in a relationship. Disclosing important
information suggests a level of trust and commitment to the other person that signals a desire to
move the relationship to a new level. Opinions: Still more revealing is the level of opinions.
Opinions usually reveal more about a person than facts alone. If you know where the speaker stands
on a subject, you can get a clearer picture of how your relationship might develop. Likewise, every
time you offer a

Personal Statement : Self Care
Abstract
Self–care for counselors is an imperative part of staying healthy and is essential for maintaining the
optimum body, mind, and souls well being. As counselors practice wellness and self–care it will
help them balance work with other aspects of their lives, to reduce stress, and have clarity when
creating goals. Self–care is about giving you the gift of wellness. In this life we only have one body
and how we treat our body reflects on our overall happiness and well being, not to mention our life
span and immediate health. Making time for self care is a healthy acknowledgement of our
humanness, not a personal shortcoming. It reflects our commitment to the counseling profession and
to our clients (Wolf, Thompson, & Smith–Adcock, 2012). Using products that are made from
natural materials, exercising regularly, and taking time off to relax and de–stress are all ways in
which we can care for ourselves and ensure that our temple is clean, strong, and worthy of receiving
all the blessings that come with a healthy mind, body and spirit. We will address ways in which
counselors can take care of themselves to live a balanced healthy life.
Keywords: counselor, wellness, whole, self–care, mindfulness, personal debriefing,
Counselor Wellness
Wellness is a word that has been thrown around by people in various professions along with those in
Hollywood for a while now. But for those in the counseling profession it isn't just the latest fad, it
has a much more of

Prediction Of Age, Gender And Personality Traits Using...
Prediction of Age, Gender and Personality Traits Using Facebook Data
Manali Bhalgat
Introduction
In the last decade, social networks like Facebook [1] have emerged as popular medium of social
interaction and information dissemination. From a social web data mining perspective, Facebook
stores a wealth of data about people and their interests. As more and more users are creating their
own content on Facebook, there is a growing interest to mine this data for use in personalized
information access services, recommender systems, tailored advertisements, and other applications
that can benefit from personalization.
Research studies leverage on data about status updates, pages liked, number of friends, number of
groups joined and other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Related Work
In this section, we discuss the recent research work related to techniques for predicting age, gender
and personality based on the information available on social networking sites. Most studies predict
personality from the language used by a person to update status or chat in social network.
According to recent works based on study of function words such as pronouns, conjunctions,
articles and prepositions, the elderly use more future tense words and pronouns in their plural forms.
The same studies show that males use more articles and females make heavy use of first person
singular pronouns. In [7], the authors state that even with its challenges, text categorization is a
reliable approach to identify the age and gender of people in social network communication.
Goldbeck et al., in [3], show that people of different age groups talked about different topics. For
example, those within the age group of 13 to 18 mostly discussed activities related to school, 19 to
22 year olds talked about university/college.
Many efforts have been made by researchers to analyze the words used by humans to understand
their psychology [2]. Public information of a group of Facebook users was collected by the authors
of [6]. They were able to predict the Big–five personality traits of the users using this data within
89% accuracy.
Methodology
1. Problem Definition
To survey the machine learning techniques for

Szalavitz: Article Analysis
1. A. Therapeutic writing, trauma and writing, and reliving PTSD through writing.
B.
Citation
Szalavitz, Maia. "How Writing Heals Wounds – Of Both the Mind and Body." Time, Time, 13 July
2013, www.healthland.time.com/2013/07/13/how–writing–heals–wounds–of–both–the–mind–and–
body/. 14 March 2018.
C.
First, although the author is a neuroscience journalist the information is not fully reliable, as her
credentials don't have much weight. Second, her information is not complete. The citing sources are
just an except of a larger piece, meaning that the source might have been focus on a different
perspective and the author only uses a piece that agrees with her. Finally, her information might not
be completely accurate as she fails to cite, some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author agrees that writing can help someone process previous trauma, but she also acknowledge
that writing may not work on everyone. 2. A. Therapeutic writing, trauma and writing, and reliving
PTSD through writing. B.
Citation
Markman, Art. "Trauma and the Benefits of Writing About It." Psychology Today, Psychology
Today, 20 October 2009, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ulterior–motives/200910/trauma–
and–the–benefits–writing–about–it, 14 March 2018. C.
First, the information is relevant as it supports the thesis that writing can help deal with previous
trauma and the article is directed to the audience that the thesis is focusing on. Second, although the
authors use a research from 1997 its still relevant to today world, as nothing has changed in the
traumatic department. Thirdly, the information is reliable as its backed by Art Markman, Ph.D a
Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin and a organization that have credibility
on the field.
D. The articles agree with psychologist that writing cam help the processing of previous trauma, and
it's a new way to rest previous trauma.
3.
A. Expressive writing, therapeutic writing, writing and healing, writing and PTSD. B.
Works

Psychological Aspect of Health Care Essay
Critically evaluating the extent to which patient's beliefs influence their experience and response to
health care.
Our personal beliefs influence our health behavior either positively or negatively. Health beliefs
have been linked to uptake and have been measured using a number of models. For example, Bish et
al. (2000) used the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict
uptake of a routine cervical smear test.
Personal models refer to patients' representations of their illness, and include knowledge, beliefs,
experiences and emotions concerning their health condition (Petrie & Weinman, 1997; Skelton &
Croyle, 1991). Within self–regulation theory, they are assumed to play an important role in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Lau, Bernard, & Hartman, 1989; Leventhal & Nerenz, 1985; Weinman, Petrie, Moss–Morris, &
Horne, 1996). The purpose of this write up is to show how these beliefs influence individuals
response to their illness related experiences. The response includes whether or not an individual
seek help for symptoms, adhere to treatment recommendations, avoid dealing with the problem or
remain engaged in daily activities. Representation of illness and illness risk are shown to be
important determinant of psychological adjustment to illness and motivations of health protective
behaviors such as cancer screening and regular check up. Example of belief, waking up in the
morning with headache, the pain flares as you lift your head off the pillow. You then notice your eye
hurts when you move them, and your throat also feels scratchy. Trying to figure out what is wrong:
could it be a migraine headache, flu, fatigue and over exertion from too much work? The action
taken next in regard to decide if this is a symptom; then the need to decide if this symptom is normal
or abnormal; next need to decide whether its serious enough to need help and finally decide whether
or not a doctor could help. All of that depends on belief an individual holds about the nature of the
feelings/ symptoms. These beliefs

The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Leadership
Leadership & Organization Development Journal
Emerald Article: Emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness
Robert Kerr, John Garvin, Norma Heaton, Emily Boyle
Article information:
To cite this document: Robert Kerr, John Garvin, Norma Heaton, Emily Boyle, (2006),"Emotional
intelligence and leadership effectiveness", Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27
Iss: 4 pp. 265 – 279
Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730610666028 Downloaded on:
27–10–2012
References: This document contains references to 68 other documents
Citations: This document has been cited by 29 other documents
To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com
Users who downloaded this Article also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, they also question the conceptual validity of a key branch (managing emotions) of the
MSCEIT.
Originality/value – Although EI is viewed as a key determinant of effective leadership within
leadership literature there is a relative dearth of supporting research that has not used student sample
populations or a conceptually suspect model of EI within their research methodology.
Keywords Emotional intelligence, Leadership, Management effectiveness, Intelligence tests
Paper type Research paper
What is emotional intelligence?
Salovey and Mayer (1990) ﬁrst established the term "emotional intelligence"(EI).
They hypothesized a framework describing a set of skills:
. . . relevant to the accurate appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself and in others, the
effective regulation of emotion in self and others, and the use of feeling to motivate, plan, and
achieve in one's life (Salovey and Mayer, 1990, p. 185).
Thus, they implied that the two distinct mental processes, thinking and feeling, actually work
together. Their theory of EI focuses on the extent to which people's cognitive capabilities are
informed by emotions and the extent to which emotions are cognitively managed (George, 2000).
Since, Salovey and Mayer's (1990) conceptualization of EI the ﬁeld has become inundated with a

deluge of different tests all purporting to be effective assessments of an individual's EI.
The main

Emotion Differentiation
Attempts to define "emotion" have proved to be rather difficult. Instead of searching for a
comprehensive definition, Gross (2011) describes the three core features of emotions. First,
emotions occur when an individual decides that a situation is relevant to his or her goals. Second,
emotions are multi–faceted, and involve both subjective and physiological experiences, as well as
behaviors. The third feature involves the authoritative nature of emotions. They have the powerful
ability to interrupt ongoing processes, assert their priority over other activities, and force their way
into awareness. For example, some traditions describe emotions as "disorganized interruptions of
mental activity" (Salovey & Mayer, 1989). Emotions are such an ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Aside from overall well–being, alexithymia has also been linked to eating disorders (Speranza,
Loas, Wallier, & Corcos, 2007), depression (Honkalampi et al., 2000), anxiety (Marchesi,
Brusamonti, & Maggini, 2000), and, unsurprisingly, emotional intelligence (Parker, Taylor, &
Bagby, 2001). However, more research is needed to determine the mechanism by which alexithymia
is related to these outcomes. Additionally, while some individuals may not warrant a diagnosis of
alexithymia, they still may have difficulty describing an emotional experience (Kang & Shaver,
2004). To better understand this range of individual differences in emotional experience, emotion
differentiation has received more attention. A component of the alexithymia construct, emotion
differentiation is the ability to identify and label emotional experiences into discrete categories
(Boden et al., 2013). (Note: Emotion differentiation has also been referred to as emotion granularity;
Barrett, 2006; Tugade, Fredrickson, & Barrett, 2004). Individuals high in emotion differentiation
can make subtle distinctions between their emotions; for example, they can distinguish between
feelings of anger, frustration, or annoyance. Individuals with low emotion differentiation, however,
may interpret all emotions in a broad, more general manner, such as simply claiming they feel
"upset" or "bad" (Barrett, Gross, Christensen, & Benvenuto, 2001; Boden et al., 2013). Although it
may only represent a portion of

Cinema Verite Robert Drew Essay
The Cinema Verite Robert Drew and Associates
Robert drew was one of the pioneers of cinema verite. Drew had an idea for a new way to tell a
story. He invested on new technology that allowed him to fulfill his vision. Giving birth to a new
style of cinema that later came to be know as cinema verite. Drew had a unique philosophy that
transcribed to his films from how he shot it to the cuts in the editing room. Robert Drew's
philosophy consisted of keeping a story engaging through the naturalism of personality driven
structure. He believed that documentaries were dull because of narration. The stories never
translated to the real life experience of the everyday person. He wanted to find a way to tell people
what is happening without having to spoon feed context using words. Removing the narrator that
summarized the events on screen and inserted opinions about the occurring events was an ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A Pennebaker, Albert and David Maysles move on to produce their own projects. The Maysles
brothers continued to work on their own films. Applying the knowledge they developed working
with drew associates to create their own style of cinema verite. In his book Cinema Verite in
America: Studies in Uncontrolled Documentary Mamber states that Maysles brothers Followed
Drew's personality oriented structure but "Unlike the Drew films, Maysles work lacks clear
dramatic resolution or character revelation through win–and–lose climaxes." (Mamber 141) The
Maysles brothers borrowed elements of the drew films but added their own flavor to it. Not only in
the way they shot, but also in their role in the film. An example of this would be their film salesman,
where the maysles brothers financed the trip the salesman took in the film. Mamber Also points out
that the Maysles brothers don't attempt to hide the meaning of their films, They do not spoon– Feed
people the meaning. rather they choose to leave it up to the interpretation of the viewer. (Mamber

Modern Public Relations Of Western Ideology
War Games Globalized Public Relations of Western Ideology The world has almost forgotten.
Forgotten the way things used to be. We've chosen to forget the ideologies of the world that existed
before the bombs, the wars, and the dark nights. "History is but a myth that mankind has decided as
fact (Assume 2006). After the Great Wars, America wrote the world's history, and later with the fall
of Communism, capitalism under the guise of freedom and democracy became the world ideology
(Steger, 2009). It's goal, globalization, and spreading the ideology around the world. As with any
ideology, there are those who may choose to oppose it, to challenge it, and therefore, it should come
as no surprise that International Public Relations was created by western powers to combat dissent
to the Western Narrative. Utilising Herman's and Chomsky's Propaganda Model we can layout the
framework for why public relations is inherently westernised, and that media is embedded into the
markets system as a result of capitalism dominance (Herman 2003). One could argue that public
relations are talents which the human species are innately born with, and that this gift has existed
since we first crawled out from the cave. However, our self–awareness of these abilities and our
choice to study and refine them into a skilled trade began just after the First World War with the
father of Public Relations, Basil Clarke. Clarke whose background was in journalism, eventually
joined the British

Self Disclosure And Its Parts
Self–disclosure in Relationships and its Parts And How to Improve Disclosure Jeanpaul karout
University of Nevada Las Vegas Self–disclosure in Relationships and its Parts And How to Improve
Disclosure Every romantic relationship starts when two strangers meet and learn more about each
other until they become a couple that is interdependent on one another. For this to occur, all
relationships have to go through ongoing process of self–disclosure. Self–disclosure has large
influence on liking and attraction by other. Therefore, in this paper I will define self–disclosure, its
components and what is self–disclosure between partners. I will discuses when disclosure is
beneficial, how it is linked to intimacy, and when self–disclosure may be detrimental to a
relationship. In Section two, I will find three influencing factors that have a large influence on how
we choose to disclose. First factor is attachment style and how it dictates our approach to self–
disclose. Second, factor is valence of disclosure with our partners and how important it is. Third
factor is, the timing of self–disclose and how timing is everything when we share messages with
others. In the final section, I will discuss how we can improve the valence of self–disclosure to have
better understanding of what and how we are disclosing and how other may perceive our messages.
Section I Finding a universal definition of self–disclosure is difficult due to that many scalars define
differently.

Youth and Substance Abuse Essay
There are many contributing factors and political issues that address substance abuse. Throughout
the years, many researchers have designed many interventions and social policies designed to treat
people who have used, abused, and became addicted to substances. Today, there are many new
studies that address substance abuse at the individual, group, family, and community or policy
levels. Today, there are many services that are effective for decreasing recidivism in youth who have
completed a substance abuse program. A substance abuse treatment program or center is the best
way to treat individuals who have abused substances. Project Match is an individual intervention
that is successful at helping people who have completed a substance ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Liehr (2010), a noted researcher states, "It was created to address Therapeutic Community stress and
support self change that could impact treatment retention" (2010, 81). According to Liehr (2010),
Therapeutic Community is an established substance abuse treatment. The environments of teenage
girls are stressful and high school dropout rates are high. That reason is why the MBTC was
created" (2010, 82). During this intervention, the control group (TC group) wrote stories regarding
their feelings and stress, while the experimental group (MBTC) also wrote stories. There were 140
patients in the TC group and over 250 adolescents in the MBTC group. Both groups showed
decreases in stress and anxiety and increases positive feelings and self change. The patients in the
study report that their stress and anxiety has decreased. The researchers, as well as the students note
that their substance use has decreased as well. The researchers used a host of surveys, reports, and
the Symptoms of Stress Inventory, a self–report assessment, to measure the study and calculate the
results. The statistics show that the level of stress of students who receive treatment slightly
decreased more compared to students who did not have any substance abuse issues. However, there
were not any differences in the groups' feelings of self–change. Another type of group intervention
effective for decreasing substance use is the Holistic

Significance of Emotional Intelligence at Work Place
Significance of Emotional Intelligence at Work Place
Some argue that EQ is more important in the work place than IQ. In the work place, there are
constant interactions which are occurring among the people who work there. While some of these
interactions are positive, others are negative.
The key aspect, managers and company leaders must understand is that over time, each of these
interactions will have a positive or negative effect on the company as a whole.
The effect that these interactions have on the company will also have an effect on the company 's
ability to remain competitive in its given market or industry. Having said that, the key fact that must
be considered in order to make these interactions more positive is emotional ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE WORKPLACE
The Development of Emotional Intelligence (EI) skills can benefit a broad range of people in the
workplace. The examples below explain how leaders, managers, professionals, and others can
benefit.
Executives must make decisions daily that may make or break their companies. They must rely on
more people than ever to achieve results they, personally, are held accountable for by the board.
more...
High potential people take on demanding multiple projects and leadership roles. Unforeseen events
occur that delay or derail critical business initiatives under their responsibility. more...
Managers ' and Supervisors ' behavior and treatment of their people determine turnover and
retention. They interact daily with individuals who have distinct needs, wants and expectations.
more...
Team Leaders and Project Managers are held accountable for setting and maintaining a positive
environment where very diverse, non–local individuals can work together to achieve success in
shorter and shorter time periods on projects of greater magnitude and importance. more...
Sales people frequently work with difficult prospects and customers. They often find themselves in
adversarial situations over price, features, delivery schedules, etc. These situations can generate
anxiety, fear, frustration or even

The Nervous Systems Essay
The processes of communication between distinct tissues and organs
Among various types of organ systems, the nervous system is one of the most important one in
human body. It is responsible for producing, controlling and guiding our thoughts and responses to
the world around us according to James W. Pennebaker (2012). During embryological development,
the cells that form nervous system are incredibly specialised and work complexly than the cells that
form skin or other body parts. Neurosecretory cells are one of the examples of specialised nervous
system cells that produce neurosecretions. Neurosecretions are hormones which carry information
from sensor cells to target cells and they can be released directly into the bloodstream ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each individual nerve is made up of: afferent nerves and efferent nerves where afferent nerves
transmit impulses towards the nervous system from different parts of the body and efferent nerves
transmit impulses away from the nervous system to the different parts of the body. The autonomic
nervous system is another type of PNS responsible for involuntary actions like movement of heart,
lungs, etc.
The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. The main role of the neurons is to
receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the body. There are some neuroglial cells
found in nervous system aswell which provide support to the neurons by giving protection and
nourishment Neurons have nerve processes that looks like finger like projections extended from the
nerve cell body. They also contain axons and dendrites which enable them to transmit signals
throughout the body. Normally, axon carry signals away from the cell body and dendrites carry
signals toward the cell body according to Regina Bailey (2013). Neurons have three different
shapes: bipolar, unipolar and multipolar where bipolar has two neuronal processes coming out of the
cell body, unipolar has only one neuronal process coming out of the cell body and multipolar has
many neuronal processes coming out of the cell body.
Source: http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/nerve–cell–physiology–part–1/deck/1225587

Emotional Intelligence: the Rapprochement of Reason and...
The past few decades have seen increasing interest in emotion research. Although much remains to
be learned, agreement is beginning to emerge regarding the way emotion should be viewed.
Emotions provide a unique source of information for individuals about their environment, which
informs and shapes their thoughts, actions, and subsequent feelings, and there is a growing view that
emotion information can be used more or less intelligently. A notion central to emotional
intelligence theory is that individuals differ in their ability to perceive, understand and use emotional
information, and this ability significantly contributes to intellectual and emotional well–being and
growth.
Emotional intelligence as a concept has prospered, in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stoic philosophers of ancient Greece argued that the idiosyncratic nature of emotion rendered it
incapable of contributing to insight and wisdom. Similar views continued to dominate academic
thinking into the Renaissance period of 16th and 17th centuries of Europe. Descartes (1595–1650)
argued that an emotion is one type of "passion", where the passions are distinguished from "clear
cognition", and render judgment "confused and obscure" (1649/1989). Kant (1724–1804) further
reinforced the distinction between reason on the one hand, and emotions, moods and desires, which
he termed "the inclinations", on the other. He dismissed the inclinations as inessential to reason at
best and intrusive and disruptive at worst (1793/1953).
Later however, philosophers belonging to the Romantic movement of Europe's late 18th and early
19th century began to argue that logic alone could not deliver the breadth of insights that were
possible when empathy and emotion–guided intuition were incorporated into their thinking
(Solomon, 2000). This shift in thinking is often attributed to the philosophy of David Hume. Hume
(1739/1948) argued that reason was in essence a tool of emotion. In his view, the sole function of
reason was to interpret the world in terms of facts in order to form inferences useful in achieving the
agendas set by emotion.
Empirical evidence as to the functional purpose of emotion was only established

Apa Style
APA 6th edition
REFERENCING GUIDE
Library
January 2014
Foreword
This guide is designed to give a clear understanding of the accepted format for the
acknowledgement of sources of information in accordance with the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (6th ed.).
Please read through the guide carefully and follow the recommendations. Any comments or queries
can be discussed with your lecturer or library staff. For further reading, copies of both the APA
Publication Manual and the Concise Rules of APA Style are available from the
Polytechnic West libraries.
Further information is also available from the APA style website at http://apastyle.org
This document is open to continuous improvement. We welcome ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
26
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) ............................................................................................................
26
Universal Resource Locator (URL) .....................................................................................................
27
Order of references in the reference list (alphabetising) ................................................................. 27
Reference List
............................................................................................................................................ 28
APA Referencing Guide 6th Ed 2014 UPDATE.docx
3
What is a referencing system?
A referencing system is a set of rules and principles that is used to attribute the contributions of
other authors within your own written work. This is achieved by both acknowledging, and
identifying the source of, the other authors' work.
There are two parts to academic referencing: the acknowledgement (of the other authors' words and
ideas) in the body of your text (the in–text citation); and the identification of their work in full at the

end of your document (the end–text citation in the reference list).
Copying the words and ideas of others without acknowledging correct ownership is called
plagiarism. Plagiarism may result in failure of a unit or entire course, fines, prevention from entry
into professional associations and other disciplinary

Jonathan Romney's Access All Areas
In the article, Access All Areas: The Real Space of Rock Documentary by Jonathan Romney, he
mainly focuses on the idea of backstage or "behind the current" and how it comes into play in rock
documentaries. He argues his points that the backstage of a concert is not a sacred place for
celebrities on and off the screen of a rock documentary, backstage is not a real home, and rock
documentaries are full of unauthentic and cliché scenes. The documentaries show the star on stage
captivating the crowd with their show and onstage antics then show a shot of them coming off stage
and the viewers can supposedly watch the "mask" lift off and the star's true self is revealed. Romney
makes a reference to Wizard Of Oz when the curtain is lifted and the true ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Romney emphasizes the documentaries try to convey that the star's offstage self is their purest
achievement because producing music, making videos, and playing shows is not enough to satisfy
the fans. The star is seen as more than a performer, they are seen as an icon or a force that manifests
itself and when the star is on stage performing and not their authentic self, it leaves the viewers
confused with the different personalities. Romney mentions David Bowie and Madonna to be two of
the most transparent celebrities but when they started acting, the several personalities overshadowed
their true selves. Backstage is not an artist's space; it will never take the shape of a home or a place
of comfort. The artist's environment is constantly changing and backstage is the closest they will get
to have their own space and feel some sense of control over it and assert dominance on anyone who
invades it. Romney mentions in Madonna's Truth or Dare – In Bed with Madonna where she denied
the cameraman access to her trailer early on in the film to show who is boss and ultimately runs the

How Did Bob Dylan Live 1966
handclapped during his performances. The tour became a confrontation between Dylan and his
audience, especially during one of his concerts at the Manchester Free Trade Hall in England on
May 17, 1966. A recording of this concert was released in 1998: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob
Dylan Live 1966. Near the end of the concert, and during the the climax of the evening, a member
of the audience, who was apparently angered by Dylan's electric backing, shouted directly to Bob:
"Judas!" to which Dylan quickly responded, "I don't believe you ... You're a liar!" Dylan turned to
his band and screamed, "Play it fucking loud!" as they exploded into the final song of the night,
"Like a Rolling Stone". During this tour, Dylan was described as exhausted and acting "as if on a
death trip". The film maker D. A. Pennebaker who was accompanying the tour, described Dylan as
"taking a lot of amphetamine and who–knows–what–else." In an 1969 interview, Dylan said, "I was
on the road for almost five years. It wore me down. I was on drugs, a lot of things ... just to keep
going, you know? ". ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All though the extent of his injuries was never disclosed, Dylan said that he broke several vertebrae
in his neck. Mystery still surrounds the circumstances of the accident since no ambulance was called
to the scene and Dylan was not hospitalized. Dylan's biographers have written that the crash offered
Dylan the chance to escape the pressures around him. Dylan confirmed this interpretation in his
autobiography: "I had been in a motorcycle accident and I'd been hurt, but I recovered. Truth was
that I wanted to get out of the rat race." Dylan withdrew from public and his musical performances,
and apart from a few appearances, did not tour again for almost eight

Primates Do Not Live In Cages
The movie, "Unlocking the Cage" by director Chris Hegedus and D. A. Pennebaker, follows the
challenges that Steven Wise, a lawyer fighting for the rights of primates, and the Nonhuman Rights
Project, a group fighting for the rights of animals, against the law. They find a bunch of primates
who are locked up around the United States of America and sue for their legal freedom, by going
from a thing to a legal person with legal protections. The furthest he has ever got to was with
Hercules and Leo. In all cases, however, they lost because the judges could not see them as a legal
person holding legal protections. The issue of the argument is should primates be considered a legal
person and should be entitled to basic rights and protections? As it stands, primates do not have ...
However, sanctuaries exist, such as the one in Florida, where primates from around the country goes
to live a much better life rather than live a life in a small, isolated cage with no interaction. Steven
Wise and the Nonhuman Rights Project wants to move primates into the sanctuaries so that they do
not have to live in cages. Their claim is that primates are considered a legal person and are entitled
to basic rights, such as those given to children. He states many reasons as to why they are
considered a legal person and not a thing with no rights. One reason that he states is that primates
are able to understand humans and can communicate with them. They have the capacity to
understand humans along with communicating with them. The strength of this reason is that it
shows that primates can communicate with humans and can learn from them since they can
understand humans. The weakness of this reason is that any animal can understand humans and
some animals can speak languages, closer than what primates can do. There were three monkeys in
the movie to show that primates have the capacity to

What Is A Documentary?
The following three chapters present the findings of this practice–based investigation, by
interrogating the production of fourteen music documentaries I created for commercial radio
between 2008 and 2013. These findings provide a narrative of discovery, which build on the first
four chapters by capturing the multitude of processes involved in shaping my work as a freelance
radio documentary producer. By isolating and identifying key responsibilities and technical
considerations, I provide insight into contemporary freelance documentary production for
commercial radio, enabling me to explore the central questions that underpin this study. I have
structured my findings into three chapters, following a chronological timeline, which capture ...
My findings draw from a broad range of research material, to counter a lack of studies in the field,
and to encompass a wide range of contrasting academic and practitioner perspectives. As indicated,
this first chapter interrogates the production of my initial David Bowie documentary, Down Under
the Moonlight, the audio of which is provided for consideration as part of this submission
(appendices A, 1). This two–hour production was broadcast on the 26th of November, 2008 on
Radio Hauraki, New Zealand, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of David Bowie's album Let's
Dance and his accompanying Serious Moonlight world tour. The documentary was produced
alongside a sister–project, titled Bowie's Waiata (Coley, 2008), created for the public service
broadcaster Radio New Zealand. I interrogate both documentaries within this chapter, as the two
projects are conjoined by utilising the same collection of contributors, archival audio and music. By
comparing approaches to the same Bowie story, I identify differences and similarities which exist
between public service and commercial documentary production. I begin by outlining the origins of
the project, then consider the commissioning of both the Bowie's Waiata and Down Under the
Moonlight documentaries. I then explore production processes and assess how online technologies
have assisted in the construction and distribution of the project. I suggest that the advent of the
Internet has

Talk shows are becoming increasingly popular and...
Talk shows are becoming increasingly popular and widespread forms of entertainment, however the
underlying premise behind these shows which was originally the idea of empowering individuals
and allowing them to share their experiences, has been replaced by a focus on celebrity figures and
largely insignificant matters of public interest. The Ellen Degeneres show is a contemporary talk
show which although does include therapeutic narratives of disadvantaged individuals including
Ellen's own struggle with discrimination, is mainly comprised of the disclosing of intimate details of
celebrity lives. Through her use of humour in dealing with issues of a more serious nature, Ellen
provides social commentary which effectively reaches a wide ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although it may be difficult, discussing traumatic experiences in a narrative format allows
individuals to understand the causes and ramifications of their experiences and consequently begin
to overcome the trauma they have undergone (Pennebaker, 2000). Ellen, herself, shares her
experiences of being discriminated against due to her sexual orientation and how she has struggled
with facing both her friends and family, and the critical public following the revelation of her
sexuality. Ellen's own interview with Oprah Winfrey shortly after her coming out exemplifies the
benefits of talk shows which follow a therapeutic narrative structure as Oprah facilitates Ellen's
discussion of her sexuality and Ellen claims that she feels liberated as she is able to be "completely
honest" and shares her story in order to "inspire others and let them know that it's ok to be gay"
(Lolluzza91, 2013). However, Ellen does not assist in the restorative process an individual
undergoes on her own talk show through adopting a therapeutic narrative format but rather attempts
to support individuals through providing financial aid. Hence, although Ellen may encourage
individuals to come out and share their experiences of discrimination, she does not provide them
with a sense of how to deal with their situation or obtain closure, but instead rewards them for what
she considers their 'bravery'.
Although the Ellen Degeneres show tends not to provide a therapeutic outlet for individuals, it

Skill Validation
Skills Validation PNCI Eliana Ruiz Age: 86 Weight: 55 kg Base: Standard Adult Overview Synopsis
The learner will be providing care to an 86–year–old Hispanic female admitted to the
MedicalSurgical Unit with a non–healing wound on her right upper leg where a femoral–popliteal
bypass graft was performed two weeks ago. She is diabetic and injured her left ankle by tripping on
a curb on the way to the hospital. She is anxious about not being able to care for herself when she
returns home. She lives alone but has a daughter close by, and has no insurance. This Simulated
Clinical Experience™ (SCE™) has five states, that are transitioined manually. With manual
transitions, the instructor should advance to the applicable state when ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The patient's vital signs have stabilized, with HR in the 70s, BP is in the 120s/60s, regular RR and
37.6o Celsius temperature. Graft site wound bed is pink with tissue granulation noted. The learner is
expected to prepare the patient for discharge. This SCE prepares the learner for the following items
of the NCLEX–RN test format: NCLEX–RN Test Plan: X Safe and Effective Care Environment X
Management of Care X Safety and Infection Control X Health Promotion and Maintenance X
Psychosocial Integrity X Physiological Integrity X Basic Care and Comfort X Pharmacological and
Parental Therapies X Reduction of Risk Potential X Physiological Adaptations Author Nancy
McMenamy and Dr. Judy Johnson–Russell, Texas Woman's University – Dallas, TX Reviewed by
Nancy McMenamy, Texas Woman's University – Dallas, TX, 2008 and Wendy Jo Wilkinson, METI
– Sarasota, FL, 2009 Program for Nursing Curriculum Integration (PNCI®) Skills Validation ©
2009 METI, Sarasota, FL 2 Skills Validation PNCI Background Patient History Past Medical
History: Although the patient is Hispanic, she can speak English and provides her history to the
nurse. She reports that two weeks ago she was in the hospital for a femoralpopliteal bypass graft that
was performed on her right leg. She noted some drainage coming from her incision and thought she
should have it checked out. She has a history of diabetes, for which she takes insulin.

Repressed Memories
"Repressed memories are a figment of the imagination". Critically discuss this statement. The
concept of repression – which is the bone of contention between those who believe in the mission of
recovery therapy and those who denounce it – presumes a peculiar power of the mind (Loftus and
Ketchum, 1994). The current dispute regarding the existence of repression has mainly focused on
whether people remember or forget trauma. Repression, however, is a multidimensional construct,
which, in addition to the memory aspect, consists of pathogenic effects on adjustment and the
unconscious (Rofe´, 2008). The challenges of memory recovery have not escaped judicial attention.
Courts have increasingly found repressed memory testimony to be ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Psychoanalytic theory maintains that repressed memories are preserved for an indefinite period of
time, and can be recovered in their original form through hypnosis and psychoanalytic therapy
(McNally, 2003). This concept has been challenged, particularly around the manner in which
retrieval happens. Ferracuti, Cannoni, De–Carolis, Gonella, and Lazzari (2002) argue that retrieval
through hypnosis can yield confabulations (such as memories from previous lives). Gardner (2004)
argues that psychodynamic therapists can place patients at risk for developing false memories. The
notion of false memory has gained some clinical validation (Kaplan and Manicavasagar, 2001),
increasing skepticism regarding the authenticity of recovered repressed memories. Ganaway (1989)
proposed that if memories are not authentic, they could be due to fantasy, illusion, or hallucination–
mediated screen memories, internally derived as a defense mechanism. Furthermore, memories
combine a mixture of borrowed ideas, characters, myths, and accounts from exogenous sources with
idiosyncratic internal beliefs. These inauthentic memories could be externally derived as a result of
unintentional implantation of suggestion by a therapist. Advocates of repression used clinical cases
indicating that child abuse victims may become amnesic of their trauma and that therapeutic
interventions may generate a genuine recollection of their repressed trauma (Brenneis, 2000; Cheit,
1998; Kluft,

The War Room Analysis
D. A. Pennebaker's The War Room is a film about the figures behind the scenes of a political
campaign. Given a subject that historically lends itself to drama and narrative tension, Pennebaker
makes active choices in filming and editing to find the story within the story. The film becomes a
sort of meta–art: a media narrative about the people responsible for controlling media narratives.
Pennebaker approaches the film as an appreciation of fellow craftsmen, giving credit to James
Carville and George Stephanopoulos' tactical brilliance. Through the use of carefully thought–out
editing, intentional camerawork, and intimate access, The War Room lays bare the hidden layers of
communication present within the campaign.
The War Room is about communication, and the editing choices help to weave together the often
invisible lines of contact present in politics. In one instance, Pennebaker films both sides of a
telephone conversation between Carville and Stephanopoulos. While the clips may not even come
from the same conversation, the evidentiary editing immediately opens up the world of the movie.
The audience no longer cares solely about the room in front of them, but is also curious about the
important action in other conference rooms, happening just a phone call away. Pennebaker also
highlights the contrast between the public and private spheres of communication. In particular,
there's a political need to project a certain cohesiveness, regardless of internal discord. The War
Room depicts many meetings where the strategists are bogged down in minutiae, debating word
choice and the colors of rally signs. Pennebaker artfully contrasts these scenes with the final media
output. When the film cuts to the end of the rally, the audience sees the balloons fall in conjunction
with Fleetwood Mac, Bill's face on a giant monitor, and a crowd full of coordinated signs. Presented
by itself, the rally feels seamless and natural; the crowd has an organic and infectious enthusiasm.
The inclusion of the tedious conference room discussions shows the intentionality behind the rally.
The crowd shots, normally the public focus, begin to feel impersonal and fade into the background.
The audience cares more about how the rally will affect

Stigmatized Identity Essay

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Elizabeth Brooks

More from Elizabeth Brooks (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Stigmatized Identity Essay