Harvard Case Study Japanese Fax Case Study MOC Case Study

1. MOC : Case Study
Present by Group 4

2.  Facsimile and its segments
 Industry history
 Japanese facsimile production
 Competitors

3.  G1 and G2 protocols : Analog machine
 G3 : Digital machine with microprocessor
◦ High-end G3 : target for high volume users(100+
pages/day)
◦ Mid-range G3 : desktop and target for medium size
business (25-100 pages/day)
◦ Low-end G3 : portable, simply and target for small
business, home office (less than 25 pages/day)
 G4 : Fully digital required digital phone line
 PC fax : G3 which required scanner send
image via computer

4.  1940s – 1950s : No standard for facsimile
machine, AT&T(US) allow limited used of
public network. Japan used for public
purpose.
 1967 : General purpose facsimile emerge with
Telecopier II by Xerox in US (Leasing machine)
 1969 : US allowed 3rd party generated general
phone line resulted in opening general
telephone system used for facsimile.
 1970 : Japanese government allow facsimile
document as legal standing.

5.  Late 1970s
◦ Japan : Many Japanese company hired electronics
engineers to develop G3 type. None of standard
were set.
◦ US : Telexes and typewriters were common used
and delivered by rapid mail service. Unable
connecting from different facsimiles producer were
big problem and slow down the market.
◦ Europe : Less interested in facsimile and has poor
phone system. Telex was more prefer.

6.  1980s :
◦ Since 1980, G3 were introduced with standard.
Matsushita and Ricoh were the first company.
◦ G3 able to connect with G2 introduced by Japanese
firms.
◦ Xerox had very late to developed G3 by Fuji-Xerox,
joint venture by Japanese.
◦ Large Japanese company began to use G3.
◦ NTT stimulated telecommunication service to
support aggressive growth until it was privatized in
1985.

7. Year Japan North America Western Europe Other
1979 100,000 240,000 30,000
1980 140,000 265,000
1981 200,000 294,000
1982 310,000 326,700
1983 485,000 371,900
1984 750,000 472,000
1985 1,100,000 595,000 240,000 10,000
1986 1,520,000 828,000
1987 2,200,000 1,070,000 575,000
1988 3,000,000 1,423,000 1,200,000 350,000
Exhibit 3 : Installed Base of Facsimile Machines, 1979-1988

9. Key Success
 Engineers develop new data compression techniques.
 Used standard electronics, mass production and assembly
method.
 Major manufacturers produced important components in
house (e.g. scanner, printer, specialized semiconductor).
 Several facsimile company sold components to other
companies.
 Network of specialized suppliers growth up to serve
Japanese firms.
 Manage particular model run before switching over to
another model.
 Flexible assembly lines resulted inexpensive changeover
for manufacturer.

10. Oversea Production

14.  Pitney Bowes : Major supplier of business
equipment in US but purchase facsimile
machine from Japanese firm and repack to
large firm in US.
 Thomson CSF : Only significant facsimile
manufacturer in Europe but expensive. No
penetration outside France.
 Korean firms : Source important component
from Japan

16.  ธนสร อติกนิษฐ 5610211043
 จันทร์จิรา เอี่ยมอุไร 5610211109
 ชวนชม ประสพชัยผล 5610224203
 ชุติมา ตันสัตยาเลิศ 5620224067