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1. 
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت‬
)‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬(
‫أ‬.‫د‬.‫ﺣﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻞ‬
S.J.D.,F.I.B.A.,D.D.G.,F.A.B.I.,D.G.,Hon.D.G.,
A.B.I. Noble Laureate
‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﯿﺪ‬–‫ﺑﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ورﺋﯿﺲ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺳﻘﺮاط‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺎذ‬ ‫و‬‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﺋﯿﺲ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ‬‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻶداب‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﺮﺋﯿﺲ‬‫اﻟﺸﺮﻓﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺑﺈﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻼم‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻠﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼم‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ‬ ‫رﺋﯿﺲ‬ ‫وﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺟﻮاﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺎﺋﺰ‬
‫ﻧﻮﺑﻞ‬‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ‬)‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬(‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﺎت‬
‫و‬‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻜﺮي‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫وأﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬)‫إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬(
‫اﻟﻘﺮن‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻮل‬ ‫أﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫وأﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎدة‬ ‫وأﺣﺪ‬)‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻻﯾﺎت‬(
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬)‫إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬(
‫اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺪاﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺎﺋﺰ‬‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬ ‫وﺟﺎﺋﺰة‬ ‫ﺔ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﺎﺋﺰة‬)‫إﻧﺠﻠﺘﺮا‬(
)٢٠٠٨/٢٠٠٩(
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2. 
‫اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ‬
‫ﺎﻣﺞ‬‫ﻟﺒﺮﻧ‬ ‫ﺼﺺ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨ‬ ‫ﺎم‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺪوﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎول‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫اھﻤﮭ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اوﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿ‬ ‫ﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠ‬‫ﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻦ‬‫وﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫وﻋﻼﻗﺘﮫ‬ ‫اھﻤﯿﺘﮫ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫وﺗﻄﻮره‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬ ‫ھﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫اھﻤﮭﺎ‬
‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺮﻧ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫دراﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫اﻣ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺨﺎص‬ ‫اﺷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻮاﻋﮭ‬ ‫ﺎم‬ ‫ﻌ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤ‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫رأﺳﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺐ‬‫ﯾﺘﺮﺗ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺸﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬‫واﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﻟﺒﺤ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺎت‬‫دراﺳ‬ ‫ﺎول‬‫ﯾﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤ‬ ‫ﺎر‬‫اﺛ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﻛﻠ‬ ‫ﻚ‬‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻀﺎء‬‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬‫وﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﮭﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﯿﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬‫ﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻗﻮاﻋ‬ ‫ﺾ‬‫وﺑﻌ‬
‫ﺎم‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺪوﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﺼﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬‫ﺗﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫دراﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫واﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺼﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬ ‫واﻟﻘ‬,‫ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﺬه‬ ‫ھ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻤ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫وﻗ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎدة‬‫اﻻﺳ‬ ‫ﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﺣﺘ‬ ‫ﻮح‬‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻼب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫وواﺿﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺴﯿﻄﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎوﻟ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺮرات‬ ‫ﻣﻘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿ‬ ‫ﺪر‬ ‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﮭ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ﺼﺺ‬‫اﻟﺘﺨ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻤﺰﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫دراﺳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﯾﺮﻏﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﺘﯿﻌﺎﺑﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺎم‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺪوﻟﻲ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮن‬‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬,
‫اﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﻖ‬ ‫وﻟﻲ‬ ‫واﷲ‬,
"‫أﻧﯿﺐ‬ ‫وإﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻛﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﷲ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻘﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬"
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3. 
"‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬"
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﲤﻬﻴﺪ‬‫ﻢ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻔﻖ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻـﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻴﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺮﺡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬.‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪ‬‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟـﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺜـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨـﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﲑ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﲑ‬‫ﻭﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺪ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬،‫ﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺻ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬.‫ﻭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﶈـﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻘـﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬‫ﺃﻧـﺸ‬‫ﻄﻴﻬ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﳑﺎﺭﺳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻮﺍﺛﻴـﻖ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬.
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4. 
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨـﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲤﺘﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﲤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺪﻝ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬"‫ﻗـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈ‬ ‫ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﺕ‬‫ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬.
‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﳓﻴﻞ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣـﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬
"‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬."
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻗـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻜﺘﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﰱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬‫ﺣـﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫ﲤﺘﻌﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬‫ﻫـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﳓﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧـﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬.‫ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬:‫ﻛﻴ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲤﺘﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬.
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5. 
"‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬"
"‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬"
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬:‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬:-
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫اﻻﻋﺘﺮاف‬‫واﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪول‬.
‫اﻟﻤﻄ‬‫ﻠﺐ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬:‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫أﺷﻜﺎل‬.
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎدة‬‫اﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬‫وﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﻧﺸﺄﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪوﻟﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ووﻻﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬.
‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫ﻟﻠﺪوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺎدﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺼﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﯿﺎزات‬.
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫وواﺟ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﺒﺎت‬.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎدى‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮارث‬.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎواة‬.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎو‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮرات‬‫اﻟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اة‬
‫وأﺛﺎرھﺎ‬.
‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬:‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺘﺎﻣﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬.
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6. 
"‫ﺍﻷﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬‫ﻝ‬"
"‫ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬"
‫ﺍﻟـﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﻖ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﻘﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻔـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬.‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﲡﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬‫ﻭﻃﻮﺍﺋﻔ‬ ‫ﺩ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻭﲤﻨـﻊ‬
‫ﻭﲤﺰﻳﻘ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺣﺎﻝ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨـﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
، ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺷـﻴﻮﺥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺷـﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻣـﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻟـﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨـﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣـﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻫـﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
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7. 
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﻘﻮﻗـ‬ ‫ﺗﻨـﺸﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺰﺍ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺕ‬.‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘـﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻳﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﻔـﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﰒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻌﺎﰿ‬
‫ﻧﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﲣﺼﺺ‬‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺤﺚ‬
ً‫ﻭﺃﻳـﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ‬.
"‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬"
"‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬"
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﺘﻴﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬:-
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬.
‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻑ‬.
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣــــــــــﺔ‬.
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ‬.
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8. 
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻳﺘـﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳛﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬ ‫ﺬﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻤﻊ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬.‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﱴ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﰱ‬‫ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻓﺘﲔ‬‫ﻳﺘﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻛﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋ‬ ‫ﺷـﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺰﻭﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻛﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬.
‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﳌﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺈ‬‫ﲣﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻟﻔﻈـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤـﻮﻅ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﲜﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬.‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷـﺨﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﲜﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ‬‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﻤﻮﻥ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺟﺮﻭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻧﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﻤﲔ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺧـﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻓﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.‫ﺷـﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﲜﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬.‫ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﰱ‬
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9. 
‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬‫ﺑﺈﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ‬‫ﻛﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌـﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻬﻮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬‫ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬‫ﺃﺭﺿـﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟـﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺬﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺗﲔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻬﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﰱ‬‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺘﲔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﲜﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬.‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:-
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ‬:‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ‬‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺗﺒﻄﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺸﻌﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻋﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳓﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰱ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬.
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ‬:‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬‫ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣـﺎ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﺒـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮﻥ‬–‫ﻓـﺎﳊﻖ‬‫ﰱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺷﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻫـﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺰﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬.‫ﺍﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
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10. 
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺩ‬‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺓ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬:‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﺟـﻨﱮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﲜﻨﺴﻴﺘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﻤﺘﻌ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻳـﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﲜﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ،‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﱘ‬.
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬‫ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﺊ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑـﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﳓﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻴﻠ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺔ‬.‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﲝﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﲔ‬‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬‫ﺍﻷﻗﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻤﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﰱ‬‫ﻭﺿـﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬
‫ﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﲤﻨﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﶈﻤﻴ‬‫ﲔ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻮﻑ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬‫ﻄ‬‫ﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬."
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11. 
"‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬"
"‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬"
‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﻭﺳـ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘـﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﰱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬‫ﻛـﻞ‬ ‫ﻓـﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟـﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺻـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬.‫ﻫـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻓﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬"‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬.‫ﻭﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬"‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬"‫ﻣﻌـﲎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺸﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﲢﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﳌﺎ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﺛﻼ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺿﺤ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬‫ﺷ‬‫ﺊ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻠﻜ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬.‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﲨﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬.
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12. 
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺐ‬‫ﻹﻗﻠـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜـﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠـﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣـﺎﱏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﺪﳝ‬.‫ﳝﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﱴ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺪ‬ ،‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﳌﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﺔ‬‫ﺃﻳﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬.‫ﻭﺳـﻮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻧﺸﺄ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
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13. 
‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻴﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﻳـﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺔ‬:-
‫ﺍ‬-‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻲ‬:‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﲢﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬.
‫ﺏ‬-‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻯ‬:‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬‫ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺮﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬.‫ﻣـﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬.
‫ﺝ‬-‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻯ‬:‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﲬﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳـﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﳋﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﳜﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺮﻓـ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬١٢)‫ﺍﺛﻨﱵ‬‫ﻋـﺸﺮ‬(‫ﻣـﻴﻼ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲝﺮﻳ‬.
‫ﺩ‬-‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻯ‬:‫ﺍﳉـﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬‫ﻳﻌﻠﻮ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﳝﺘﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻯ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻯ‬.‫ﻗـﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻯ‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻥ‬
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14. 
‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻴـﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺳـﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﻴـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ‬‫ﻓـﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔـﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺎﻟﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻫﺎﻣـ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻓﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﲡﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣـﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗـﺄﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬‫ﻫـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺗـﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬–‫ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‬‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻫﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻰ‬‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎ‬‫ﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜـﺮﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣـﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳋ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺊ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬.
‫ﻭﻧ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺮﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻳﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺪﺭﻳﺴﻬﺎ‬‫ﻘﺮﺭ‬‫ﻓﺴﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺪﺭﺱ‬‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
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15. 
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬.
"‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ‬"
"‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬"
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷـﺎﺭﺓ‬‫ﺇ‬‫ﻟﻴﻬﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺈﳚﺎﺯ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬,‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻐﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬.‫ﺗﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺎﻟﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬‫ﺃﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫،ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩﻳﺎ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻫﺪﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬‫ﻭﻓﺮﻧـﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗـﻮﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﲨﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩﻳﺎ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻻ‬‫ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳍﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﱰﻭﻳﻼ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺴﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺩﺓ‬
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16. 
‫ﻳﻘﻄﻨـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬.
‫ﺁﺧـﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻣﻄﻠﺒـ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻄﻠﺒ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺼﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬‫ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩﻳﺎ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﰱ‬ ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻔﺪﺭﺍﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺄﺗﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﳌﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﲔ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬:‫ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﺎﺭﺟﻰ‬‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬.
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬)‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ‬(‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬.‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋـﺎﺭﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬‫ﻳﻌـﲎ‬‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‬‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬‫ﻛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬
‫ﰱ‬‫ﺣﻴﻨ‬‫ﻪ‬.
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17. 
‫ﻓﺼ‬‫ــــــــــــــــــــ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ــــ‬‫ﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﲤﻬﻴﺪ‬:
‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﲝﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬.‫ﺍﻟﻴـﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻳـﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻ‬‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮ‬‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﳐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻳﻌﺎﳉﻬﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬.‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺎﳉﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣـﻮﺟﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺨﺼﺺ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.
‫ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻴﻒ‬
١٩٥٨‫ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬ ‫ﰱ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻡ‬.‫ﻟﺘﻘﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﲝﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪ‬‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬.‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬‫ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬١٩٩٤‫ﲤـﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌـﺪﻳﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
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18. 
‫ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ‬‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬.‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﲤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﱃ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺒﲑ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻝ‬ ‫ﱂ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰱ‬‫ﺳـﻨﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬.
‫ﻓﺎﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬١٩٥٨‫ﺃﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﲤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﰿ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺻﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻊ‬.‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺪ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻀﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻯ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱴ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬١٩٨٢.‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳـﺎﺭﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌـﺮﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺯﻯ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬١٩٥٨‫ﺃﻭ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴـﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬.‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ـﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠـﺖ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻡ‬.‫ﻳﻌـﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬‫ﻳﺘﻼﺀﻡ‬‫ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬.
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19. 
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺭﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺟﻨﻴﻒ‬
١٩٥٨‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻡ‬‘‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬١٩٨٢‫ﺣـﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻹﱃ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻘـﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺍﻃﺌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺻﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﱵ‬١٩٥٨‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺄﻥ‬‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻼﺻﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺼﻮﺻ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬‫ﻭﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺑـﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬.
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﺓ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠـﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠـﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟـﺴﻴﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﳜـﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻊ‬‫ﲞﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻧﺊ‬.
‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬١٩٨٢‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬‫ﺑﻘﻮﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬:
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20. 
"‫ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬٧‫ﺇﱃ‬
، ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﻴﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨـﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻫـﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬."
)‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬٨‫ﻓﻘﺮﺓ‬"٢("‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﲑ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺗﻰ‬.
‫ﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨـﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴـﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺧﻴﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺜﲑ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺧﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺰﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬‫ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋـﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﻃﺊ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﳜﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬‫ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﺳـﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺉ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﺑﻘﻮﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬:
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21. 
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺘﺪ‬‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬‫ﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻴﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺧﻴﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬‫ﺣﺰﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﺧﻴﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬‫ﺑـﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻌـﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺻـﻖ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﲤﺘﺪ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻭﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻴﺰ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻦ‬.
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﲟﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﳌ‬‫ﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬‫ﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻘـﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬‫ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬‫ﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬١٩٥٨‫ﻭﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬١٩٨٢‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬.‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻤﺜﻼ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘﲔ‬.
‫ﻭﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﺪﺭﺱ‬‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﰱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰒ‬‫ﻳﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬:
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22. 
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ‬
 
 
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬١٩٨٢
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎ‬‫ﳕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮﻑ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﲤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻜﺘﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻏـﲑ‬ ،
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﳏﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﲑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﰱ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻓﻮﺿﻌﺖ‬‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﺎ‬‫ﺃﺻـﺒﺤﺖ‬‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻌﲎ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱃ‬١٩٨٢
‫ﲞـﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﺮﻓﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻭﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻭﻟﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻩ‬‫ﺍﻟـﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺕ‬‫ﺇﱃ‬‫ﻫﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻩ‬.
‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬١٩٨٢‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻨﺺ‬:
"‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬‫ﲢﺪﺩ‬‫ﺗﺘﺠـﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﲟﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﲝﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬١٢
‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﲝﺮﻳ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻣﻴ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺱ‬."
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ‬‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻰ‬:
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23. 
"‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻕ‬."
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬:
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬:
"‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻯ‬‫ﺃﺩﱏ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﲰﻴ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬)
‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬٥‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬١٩٨٢."(
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬:
"‫ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﱏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻴﻠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ،
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﲔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ‬‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﲰﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬."
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬:
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬:
١-‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰ‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
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24. 
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﰱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬.
٢-‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻇـﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ، ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬‫ﺣـﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﲡﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉـﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﱏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳓﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﱏ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟـﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌـﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻈﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳍﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬.
٣-‫ﺃﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺤﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﳚﺐ‬‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳓﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﲡ‬‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺎﻩ‬‫ﺩﺍﺧـﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻨﻈـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﲣﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺛﻴﻘ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬.
٤-‫ﺍﳌﻴـﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﱂ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬‫ﺇﻻ‬‫ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﰱ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺣﻈﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﺕ‬.
٥-‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﲟﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
١‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ،‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ‬‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﰱ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺒﻮﺗـ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘـﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﱀ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬.
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25. 
٦-‫ﳓـﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬."
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‬:‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬‫ﺎﺭ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬ ‫ﳌﺼﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ‬:
"‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﻄ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺿـﻔﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﱏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ‬
)"‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬٩‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻡ‬.("
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‬:‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻧﺊ‬:
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬‫ﺟﻬـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩ‬ ، ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻧﺊ‬‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱴ‬":‫ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺰﺀ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬.‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬‫ﻋـﺮ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻣﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﳉـﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬."
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻰ‬:
"‫ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﻴـ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴـ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻳﻐﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬)"‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬١٢‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـﻦ‬١٩٨٢
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬.(
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26. 
‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌ‬:‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻟـﱴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﲞﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺴﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬١٩٨٢‫ﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬:
١-‫ﺍﳉﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴـ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﻮﻧـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌـﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻤﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻃﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﳚـﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﱏ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﺨﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬.
٢-‫ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺤﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﲝﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬."
‫ﻣﻠﺤـ‬‫ـــــــــ‬‫ــــــــــﻮﻇﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬‫ﺍﻟـﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺎﺱ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬٥،٦،٧،٩،١١،١٢،١٣‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺿﺤﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﻥ‬‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟـﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻄـﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻴﺎﻩ‬‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬‫ﺧـﻂ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳـﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺳـﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
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27. 
‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻮﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻠﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻠﺠﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﻀﺎﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎ‬.
‫ﻭﻧﻼﺣﻆ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺔ‬‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴـﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬‫ﻟـﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬
١٩٨٢‫ﺗﻘـﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﻪ‬:
"‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘـﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺒﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳚﻮﺯ‬
‫ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬."
‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬‫ﺫﻭﺍﺗـﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻼﺻﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻀﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬:
"‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﻯ‬ ‫ﳛـﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ،‫ﻣﺘﻼﺻﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﱭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ‬‫ﲝﺮﻫـﺎ‬ ‫ﲤـﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰱ‬ ‫ﹰ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮ‬ ‫ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌـﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ‬‫ﺍﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﲣﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬."
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