human evolution

1. Miocene Hominoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

2. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

3. Miocene
Hominoids

4. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
3. True apes that
brachiated probably
originated in the Early
Miocene
ca. 20 – 17 mya

5. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
“Only after the evolution
of arboreal suspension . . .
would the modern
meaning of the term ape
have been applicable.”
Campbell-Loy, p. 195

6. “Times to Remember” WebPage

7. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

8. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Apes
flourished in the
later part of the Miocene
ca. 15 – 5 mya

9. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103

10. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Well represented in the fossil record by
such forms as:
Sivapithecus . . .
Ramapithecus
Kenyapithecus
Ouranopithecus
Dryopithecus
Proconsul
Oreopithecus
Gigantopithecus

11. General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans
Rudapithecus
Pasalar
Nyanzapithecus
Afropithecus
Turkanopithecus
Rangwapithecus
and others

12. Miocene hominoid distribution, from fossils thus far discovered
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197

13. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

15. Proconsul africanus (from early Miocene)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197

16. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185

17. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188

18. Proconsul

19. Proconsul

22. Proconsul

23. Proconsul

24. Prehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Miocene hominoids:

25. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185

26. Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42

27. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 187
Oreopithecus (Miocene Ape)

28. Prehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Miocene hominoids:

29. Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 41

30. Primates des Faluns de Touraine

31. Prehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Dryopithecus
Miocene hominoids:

32. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

33. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185

34. Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42

35. Prehistoric Primates
“Dryopithecus – Y”
“Y – 5”

36. “Y-5” and “+-4” patterns

37. “Y-5” patterns

40. Prehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Dryopithecus
Sivapithecus
Miocene hominoids:

41. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196

42. Prehistoric Primates
Sivapithecus Ramapithecus
Kenyapithecus
Ouranopithecus
Species
Genus

43. “Times to Remember” WebPage

44. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185

45. Modern chimpanzee Sivapithecus Orangutan
ca. 8 mya
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 198

46. Sivapithecus

48. Sivapithecus

49. Prehistoric Primates
Sivapithecus ramapithecus
Species
Genus

50. Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42

51. Ramapithecines

52. Prehistoric Cultures
• insectivorous (insects)
• herbivorous (plants)
– frugivorous (fruits)
– graminivorous (grasses)
Diet classifications:
• carnivorous (chiefly meats)
• omnivorous (all of the above)

53. Prehistoric Hominoidea
Proconsul
(Miocene “dental ape”)
Oreopithecus
Pliopithecus
Dryopithecus
Sivapithecus
Gigantopithecus
Miocene hominoids:

54. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185

55. Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188

58. Pongids:
”The Great Apes”
Next: The Great Apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123