Cyber Security in Industry 4.0 Cyber Security in Industry 4.0 (IEEE) Using Emerging Technology to Improve Compliance As cyber threats, malicious software, and cyber-attacks continue to escalate in sophistication, and no industry can remain immune to these threats. The IEEE has used industry-inspired advances in innovation and implementation to promote the highest level of cybersecurity standards for the most robustly protected information and communication technology infrastructure, from networks and telecommunication systems through websites, digital certificates, and passwords, and other software-based systems (Ardito et al., 2019). This Enhanced Canada Cybersecurity Standards and Certificates (ECCS&C) project strives to provide a common framework for enhanced cybersecurity across all sectors. The fourth industrial revolution is referred to as cybersecurity in Industry 4.0 and is encompassing three discrete components: machine learning, artificial intelligence, and automation.The effects of these four technologies will most certainly impact the processes and processes aspects of technology adoption. Over the next decade, we will most certainly see further and the further rise of robotics (Ardito et al., 2019). The industrial revolution will begin with smart factory security systems. For now, those systems are secure, but many manufacturers will soon provide safeguards against attack and malware threats to help prevent malware attacks and lawsuits. The processes can look simple like a boiler next to a giant hexagon. For example, all these processes would trigger heating or cooling at some point, and the heating or cooling can be controlled by digital control boxes connected to a smart grid (Shi et al., 2019). The industrial network will soon have more people connected in more complex networks, such as industrial warehouses. All of these buildings can communicate with each other and can remotely activate or deactivate automation systems to reduce manufacturing costs. The need for the defense, control, and monitoring of systems and networks. The blockchain is the most viable platform for these purposes (Shi et al., 2019). Decentralization is gaining respect and confidence on a global scale, and so there is a renewed emphasis on the blockchain in the industry. There is an abundance of articles on the blockchain's potential and benefits for companies. For example, more than fifty articles are covering the blockchain's potential for authentication, threat modeling, and development of social payment interfaces. Companies are beginning to explore smart contracts and smart systems for security, reputation, and data. All in all, it seems that all the evidence points to blockchain technology as the future of the financial industry (Shi et al., 2019). References Ardito, L., Petruzzelli, A. M., Panniello, U., & Garavelli, A. C. (2019). Towards Industry 4.0. Business Process Management Journal. Shi, L., Chen, X., Wen, S., & Xiang, Y. (2019, December)..

1. Cyber Security in Industry 4.0
Cyber Security in Industry 4.0 (IEEE) Using Emerging
Technology to Improve Compliance As cyber threats, malicious
software, and cyber-attacks continue to escalate in
sophistication, and no industry can remain immune to these
threats. The IEEE has used industry-inspired advances in
innovation and implementation to promote the highest level of
cybersecurity standards for the most robustly protected
information and communication technology infrastructure, from
networks and telecommunication systems through websites,
digital certificates, and passwords, and other software-based
systems (Ardito et al., 2019). This Enhanced Canada
Cybersecurity Standards and Certificates (ECCS&C) project
strives to provide a common framework for enhanced
cybersecurity across all sectors. The fourth industrial revolution
is referred to as cybersecurity in Industry 4.0 and is
encompassing three discrete components: machine learning,
artificial intelligence, and automation.The effects of these four
technologies will most certainly impact the processes and
processes aspects of technology adoption. Over the next decade,
we will most certainly see further and the further rise of
robotics (Ardito et al., 2019).
The industrial revolution will begin with smart factory security
systems. For now, those systems are secure, but many
manufacturers will soon provide safeguards against attack and
malware threats to help prevent malware attacks and lawsuits.
The processes can look simple like a boiler next to a giant
hexagon. For example, all these processes would trigger heating
or cooling at some point, and the heating or cooling can be
controlled by digital control boxes connected to a smart grid
(Shi et al., 2019).
The industrial network will soon have more people connected in
more complex networks, such as industrial warehouses. All of

2. these buildings can communicate with each other and can
remotely activate or deactivate automation systems to reduce
manufacturing costs. The need for the defense, control, and
monitoring of systems and networks. The blockchain is the most
viable platform for these purposes (Shi et al., 2019).
Decentralization is gaining respect and confidence on a global
scale, and so there is a renewed emphasis on the blockchain in
the industry. There is an abundance of articles on the
blockchain's potential and benefits for companies. For example,
more than fifty articles are covering the blockchain's potential
for authentication, threat modeling, and development of social
payment interfaces. Companies are beginning to explore smart
contracts and smart systems for security, reputation, and data.
All in all, it seems that all the evidence points to blockchain
technology as the future of the financial industry (Shi et al.,
2019).
References
Ardito, L., Petruzzelli, A. M., Panniello, U., & Garavelli, A. C.
(2019). Towards Industry 4.0. Business Process Management
Journal.
Shi, L., Chen, X., Wen, S., & Xiang, Y. (2019, December).
Main Enabling Technologies in Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity
Threats. In International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and
Security (pp. 588-597). Springer, Cham.
Cyber Security in Industry 4.0
The core objective of the research is to assess the various forms
of cybersecurity in various industries with a key focus on hyper
connectivity of technological systems. In the current era of the
emergence of new forms of technology, the wide range of
cybersecurity strategies has resulted in effective security
solutions to combat the increased cyber threats in organizations
and industries (Dawson, 2018). Notably, the hyper connectivity
of modern technologies has enhanced the effectiveness of

3. security. Research findings indicate that the evolution of
cybersecurity occurred as a result of the advancement of various
attacks on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
information in digital technologies.
Besides, researchers reveal that cybersecurity in
industries involves the integration of modern technologies, such
as cloud computing, the use of robotics, the internet of
everything, the internet of things, and other relevant
developments. Modern technology connections help industries
in enhancing effective communication, risk visibility, and
effective identification and risk mitigation (Dawson, 2018).
Importantly, research reflects on the various pitfalls to the
various hyper connected systems as a result of vulnerabilities to
attacks, loopholes that support the attacks, and lack of security
awareness among the employees in industries.
In the current era of proliferation of modern
technologies, industries can utilize effective strategies of
enhancing the effectiveness of hyper connectivity and the
process of developing security policies and awareness among all
the involved stakeholders (Benson, McAlaney, & Frumkin,
2019). The implications of cybersecurity are promising as a
result of government efforts of enhancing technology and
security, cultivation of IT experts, and advancements in mobile
information access. I will conduct comprehensive research on
the need for embracing the culture of defense and using safe and
legit sites of sharing information. Industries will have to
embark on timely updates of applications, regular backup of
files, and software updates.
References
Benson, V., McAlaney, J., & Frumkin, L. A. (2019). Emerging
threats for the human element and countermeasures in current
cyber security landscape. In Cyber Law, Privacy, and Security:
Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1264-

4. 1269). IGI Global.
Dawson, M. (2018). Cyber security in industry 4.0: The pitfalls
of having hyperconnected systems. Journal of Strategic
Management Studies, 10(1), 19-28.
Need help to reply three post.
DO NOT JUST REPEAT SAME INFORMATION, DO NOT
JUST SAY I AGREE OR THINGS LIKE THAT. YOU NEED
TO ADD NEW INFORMATION TO DISCUSSION.
1- Each reply should be at least 200 words.
2- One scholarly reference ( NO MAYO CLINIC/ AHA)
3- APA style needs to be followed.
4- Each response should have reference at the end
5- Reference should be within last 5 years
DQ-1
1- 300 minimum words for question, you can go up to 700
words.
2- 2-3 Scholarly references ( NO MAYO CLINIC/AHA)
3- References should be within 5 years
4- I am in acute care nurse practitioner program.
DQ-1
Select a medication used for pain management and review
available evidence and treatment guidelines to determine
appropriate therapeutic options. Share the mechanism of action
of this medication and hints for monitoring, side effects, and
drug interactions, including CAM. In addition, share an example
where you have observed an adverse event from a pain
medication and explain the management taken regarding this
adverse event. If you do not have an example, select an adverse
event from the pain medication and explain what interventions
you could make to mitigate this adverse event. Include
references using APA format.

5. DQ-2
Read and summarize the Topic Material "CDC Guideline for
Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016."
Discuss any ethnic, cultural, or genetic differences that need to
be considered for the use of opioids to treat chronic pain. How
do you intend to use the guidelines in your future practice?
DQ-3
Oxycodone is an opioid agonist for pain management of acute or
chronic moderate to severe pain. It binds to opiate receptors, G-
protein coupled receptors, in the central nervous systems (CNS)
and activates the GDP for a GTP, which inhibits the adenylate
cyclase and decreases the intracellular cAMP (Sadiq, Dice, &
Mead, 2019). Consequently, oxycodone inhibits the nociceptive
neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA,
noradrenaline, and substance P, altering perception and
response to pain and producing CNS depression (Sadiq et al.,
2019). Oxycodone is available in tablets and capsules in
immediate-release and extended-release. Immediate-release
doses range from 5 to 15 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed while
ER tablets are 10 mg and capsules are 9 mg every 12 hours
(“Oxycodone,” 2019). Dosages may vary depending on opioid-
tolerant patients, and for adequate pain control, dosages should
titrate upwards with monitoring for potential side effects. The
most common adverse effects include constipation, weakness,
dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, headache, and pruritis
(Sadiq et al., 2019). Throughout initial therapy or increased
dosage, the patient’s blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory
rate should be monitored, as well as, the side effects.
Oxycodone may impair mental and physical abilities and cause
hypotension and respiratory depression. It is important
extended-release tablets are swallowed whole as crushing or
chewing can cause rapid release leading to respiratory
depression and further carbon dioxide retention can exacerbate
sedating effects, which may be fatal (“Oxycodone,” 2019). Drug
interactions that may increase the oxycodone serum

6. concentration and enhance adverse effects, include CYP450
inhibitors, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, anticholinergic,
CNS depressants, rufinamide, selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors, and zolpidem (“Oxycodone,” 2019). Complementary
and alternative medicine (CAM) interactions with oxycodone
include ephedra, Jamaica dogwood, kava kava, and lavender, as
this may enhance the effects of CNS depressants, whereas St.
John’s Wort may decrease the serum concentration of
oxycodone.
There are always patients that deal with constipation after
taking oxycodone. A patient came in the ER with severe
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The CT scan showed a
bowel obstruction and the patient was taking to the OR for an
exploratory laparotomy with bowel resection. When the section
of the bowel was removed, the surgeon pulled out pieces of
fecal that was hard as a rock. According to the notes, the patient
was at a rehab facility due to a hip hemiarthroplasty four weeks
prior. Current medications included an opioid for post-operative
pain management. Patient had no prior abdominal conditions,
but opioid use, age, and possible concomitant medications can
be causative factors for the bowel obstruction. In elderly
patients, constipation is more common, which can be due to
decreased mobility, medical conditions, and/or concomitant
medications; however, stool softeners may be beneficial for
many patients as it may improve bowel function and quality of
life (Morlion et al., 2017). Other recommendations may be to
increase fiber into their diet or increase physical activity to
increase bowel movement. Also, other therapies should be
recommended instead of prolonging the use of opioids, such as
acetaminophen or NSAIDS. As prescribers it is essential to
monitor all side effects and appropriate use of any opioids as we
have to consider to discontinue the medication if the benefits
don’t outweigh the risks.
References
Morlion, B. J., Mueller-Lissner, S. A., Vellucci, R., Leppert,

7. W., Coffin, B. C., Dickerson, S. L., & O’Brien, T. (2017). Oral
prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone for managing pain and
opioid-induced constipation: A review of the evidence. Pain
Practice, 18(5), 647-665. doi:10.1111/papr.12646
Oxycodone. (2019). Retrieved from
https://www.drugs.com/ppa/oxycodone.html
Sadiq, N. M., Dice, T. J., & Mead, T. (2019). Oxycodone.
StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482226/
DQ-4
Morphine is often chosen as a front-line drug in the
management of chronic non-cancer pain (Broglio et al., 2017).
Morphine is in a class of drugs called opioid analgesics and
work on the delta, kappa, and mu-opioid receptors (Murphy &
Barrett, 2019). Analgesic effects are achieved when binding to
the mu-opioid receptor within the central nervous system
(Murphy & Barrett, 2019). Once this occurs, there is an
activation of descending inhibitory pathways of the central
nervous system and inhibition of the nociceptive afferent
neurons of the peripheral nervous system leading to an overall
reduction of nociceptive transmission (Murphy & Barrett,
2019).
Morphine can be given in a variety of ways. Some routes
include oral with immediate-release and extended-release,
intravenous, epidural, and intrathecal formulations (Murphy &
Barrett, 2019). One option that is frequently used in palliative
care is sublingual and as an oral suspension (Murphy & Barrett,
2019).
Some drug-drug interactions include the concurrent use of
MAOIs as they create an additive effect with morphine, causing
severe hypotension, serotonin syndrome, or an increase in
respiratory depression in patients (Murphy & Barrett, 2019).
Some side effects include blurred vision, numbness in the
extremities, chills, confusion, dizziness, fainting, headache,
hives or rash, loss of appetite, constipation, and nausea

8. (Murphy & Barrett, 2019).
The biggest risks of morphine are addiction, abuse, and misuse
(Murphy & Barrett, 2019). These side effects can lead to
overdose and death (Murphy & Barrett, 2019). Each patient
needs to be assessed for their risk of substance addiction and
abuse before prescribing (Murphy & Barrett, 2019). Overdose of
morphine displays as decreased level of consciousness and
respiratory depression that can be life-threatening or fatal
(Murphy & Barrett, 2019).
There are withdrawal symptoms from morphine as well (Murphy
& Barrett, 2019). These symptoms include hallucinations,
tremors, mood swings, and irritability (Murphy & Barrett,
2019). Some can be so extensive that they can cause seizures
(Murphy & Barrett, 2019). The best way to avoid withdrawal
symptoms is to taper the dose down until it is within a safe
dosage to stop it altogether (Murphy & Barrett, 2019).
An example I have of the use of morphine was actually last
week. We received a young patient from the ER who had
developed a very large pleural effusion and was going to the
ICU to meet the Intensivist to receive a thoracentesis. The
procedure went well without any issues, but post-procedure the
patient began to complain of pain with breathing due to lung re-
expansion. The physician ordered morphine 2mg IVP Q4h PRN
Pain >7, and the nurse gave the first dose. Within 30 minutes
the patient began to display signs of altered mental status and
confusion. Fifteen minutes later the patient was sleeping and
their respiratory rate had fallen to 8 breaths per minute and
their oxygen saturation had dropped to 90%. At this point, the
decision was made to give the reversal agent Narcan,
discontinue morphine, and treat with a combination of
acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Within 30 seconds of
administering Narcan, the patient became arousable, alert and
oriented, and began to cough and take deep breaths. After
explaining what happened to the patient, they agreed a lower
regiment of pain management was appropriate.
References:

9. Broglio, K., Pergolizzi, J., Kowalski, M., Lynch, S. Y., He, E.,
& Wen, W. (2017). Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily
Extended-Release ( ER) Hydrocodone in Individuals Previously
Receiving ER Morphine for Chronic Pain. Pain Practice, 17(3),
382–391. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1111/papr.12462
Murphy, P.B, & Barrett, M.J. (2019) Statpearls for Morphine.
Treasure Island. Retrieved from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526115/
DQ-5
There are increasing prescription of opioids in the united states.
The amount of opioid overdose death is also increasing. Primary
care providers have reported that they have concerns about pain
medication misuse. The problem is managing patients with
chronic pain and effectively controlling their pain using this
new system. The guidelines are set in place to target and help
primary care providers that treat patients with chronic pain. To
avoid over prescription the CDC has established guidelines in
order to prescribe effectively. This grading recommendations of
assessment can be a tool to help the primary care provider
effectively prescribe the adequate number of opioids. The CDC
has developed training sessions in order to use this new grading
system effectively. There is evidence that this new system may
have some benefit in prescription of opioids. The problem with
these new guidelines is that people are different an have
different medication thresholds. What may be good treatment
for 1 patient may not work for others. Cultural needs to be
viewed as well in order to better understand the patients pain
level. The patients need relative pain control relative to risks
associated with the prescribed opioid. A combination of non
pharmacological interventions may be used to incorporate
pharmacological opioid administration. Still methadone,
fentanyl oxycodone oxymorphone hydrocodone and morphine
have all shown to higher risks of overdose when initiating
treatment. Methadone overdose continues to increase
(Jones,Baldwin,Manocchio,White,Mack,2016). I will attempt to

10. use these guideline in order to effectively treat chronic pain. In
the moment that I feel the pain management is complicated I
will set referrals to pain specialists. Opioids are dangerous and
can cause overdose as future providers we need to limit for
potential abuse of these medications (CDC Guidelines for
prescribing opioids for chronic pain-United States, 2016).
Reference
Jones, C. M., Baldwin, G. T., Manocchio, T., White, J. O., &
Mack, K. A. (2016). Trends in Methadone Distribution for Pain
Treatment, Methadone Diversion, and Overdose Deaths - United
States, 2002-2014. MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly
Report, 65(26), 667–671.
https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6526a2