This supplementary material for intermediate students to improve their comparison/contrast paragraph writing was the final project of a group of students (Mr. Khodjosefat, Mrs. Ameri, Mrs. Valizadeh, and Mrs.Hoseizadeh) at Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch

1. Islamic Azad University - Central Branch
Supplementary Material for Comparison and Contrast Paragraph Writing
Developers:
Sajad Khodjusefat (sajadkhodju@gmail.com)
Mahbubeh Ameri (Mahbubeameri12@gmail.com)
Shahla Valizadeh (sh_valizade@yahoo.com)
Mahsa Hosseinzade (mhsahosseinzade@gmail.com)
Advisor: Forouzan Dehbashi sharif (Ph.D.)

2. Comparison and Contrast Paragraph Writing
Topic A supplementary material for students to
improve their comparison/contrast paragraph
writing
Learning objectives -Improving students’ knowledge about
paragraph writing
-Improving writing skills
-Interactive learning
Audio visual aids Pictures and tables
age 18 and over
Students’ level CEFR B1 / Intermediate

3. Contents
Title ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Topic sentence ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Supporting sentences ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
Transitional signals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
Logical division of ideas ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Unity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
Coherence ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
Concluding sentence ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29
Answer key ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
Sources --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39

4. Introduction
We use compare and contrast paragraph to talk about differences and/or similarities of two
or more things.
A proper paragraph consists of four things: a title, a topic sentence, supporting sentences,
and a concluding sentence.
Let’s work on them one by one:
1. Title
Incorrect: The Western New York area includes both the Buffalo and Niagara regions
correct: The Buffalo-Niagara Region
A title tells the topic of the paragraph. A title is not a sentence. It is just a few words or sometimes only
one word. The title goes on the top line, in the middle.
A good title is brief, descriptive and refers to the contents of the paragraph. It contains the most important
information and uses short, concise words.
4

5. Look at the example below:
A Great Place to Live
a major metropolitan area with a diverse blend of communities, Buffalo Niagara offers a low
cost of living and affordable housing prices in neighborhoods ranging from urban to
suburban to small town.
Exercise 1: Now choose the best title for the paragraph below:
----------------------------------------------
I enjoy classroom discussions for several reasons. For example, I like to hear my classmates talk. There
are some interesting people in my class, and I like to hear their ideas and opinions. I also like to practice
speaking English. Classroom discussions help me learn to speak better. They make time in class go by
faster, too. These are just a few of the reasons why discussions make classes more interesting.
a. My English Class
b. Speaking English in Class
c. Why I Like Classroom Discussions
5

6. In writing a title we need to follow capitalization rules. Follow these rules for using capital
letters in the title of your paragraph.
1. Capitalize the first letter of the first word of
a title.
My Life
The Best Day of My Life
2. Capitalize every noun, verb, pronoun,
adjective, and adverb in a title. Do not
capitalize a. an, the, or prepositions.
A Day at the Races
Take Me Out to the Ball Game
3. Do not put a period (.) after the title of a
paragraph.
Incorrect: Getting Ready for the Day.
Correct: Getting Ready for the Day
4. Do not put quotation marks (“ “) around the
title of a paragraph.
Incorrect: “Jae Yoon's Favorite Dar”
Correct: Jae Yoon’s Favorite Dar
6

7. Exercise 2: Rewrite each title with the correct form of capitalization (the first one is done):
1. Ernest Hemingway wrote For Whom The Bell Tolls
Correct: Ernest Hemingway Wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls
2. Shakespeare wrote Romeo And Juliet
Correct: ----------------------------------------------------------
3. The lion, the witch and the wardrobe is by C. S. Lewis.
Correct: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Things fall Apart is by Chinua Achebe
Correct: ----------------------------------------------------------
7

8. Task 1: And now write a title for the paragraph below:
---------------------------------------------------------
Buffalo Niagara’s temperate, four-season climate sets the scene of year-round outdoor fun
from hiking to sailing to skiing and snowboarding. Enjoy America’s first urban park system,
the shore and waters of Lake Erie, and nearby Niagara Falls.
8

9. 2. Topic Sentence
Topic sentence of a comparison / contrast paragraph should name the topic (the subjects
that you are comparing or contrasting) and indicate the controlling idea (whether the focus
of the paragraph is on similarities, differences, or both).
For example:
The weather in the fall and spring can be similar.
Roses and carnations are different types of flowers.
To understand 21st century education, let’s examine the similarities and differences between the
schools of 50 years ago and the schools of today.
9

10. Exercise 3: Read the paragraphs below and choose the best topic sentence:
Paragraph 1
Plants and Animals
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Green plants are able to
manufacture their own food from substances in the environment. This process is known as
photosynthesis. In contrast, animals, including man, get their food either directly from plants
or indirectly by eating animals which have eaten plants. Plants are generally stationary.
Animals, on the other hand, can usually move about. In external appearance, plants are
usually green. They grow in a branching fashion at their extremities, and their growth
continues throughout their lives. Animals, however, are very diverse in their external
appearance. Their growth pattern is not limited to their extremities. It is evenly distributed
and only occurs in a definite time period. Therefore, the differences between plants and
animals are quite significant.
A. There are several characteristics which distinguish plants from animals.
B. There are similarities between animals and plants.
C. There are similarities and differences between the way animals and plants get their foods.
10

11. Paragraph 2
Allopathy and Homeopathy
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Allopathy is the treatment of
disease of one kind by exciting a disease of another kind or in another part. It is sometimes
incorrectly used as a name for orthodox medicine or Western medicine. Homeopathy, in
contrast, is a system of medicine based on the treatment of a given disease by
administering small quantities of a drug which produces the symptoms of that disease in a
healthy person. The treatment of illnesses, then, would be markedly dissimilar because the
underlying beliefs are strongly differentiated.
A. Both allopathy and homeopathy are treatments of diseases.
B. Allopathy and homeopathy are quite similar.
C. Allopathy and homeopathy are quite different.
11

12. Task 2: Now write a topic sentence for the paragraph below:
Choosing an Eye Care Professional
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Optometrists and
ophthalmologists offer many of the same services. Like optometrists, ophthalmologists give
eye exams to find out if their patients have 20/20 vision. If not, the two kinds of eye doctors
prescribe glasses or contact lenses to correct the problem. In addition, both optometrists
and ophthalmologists diagnose and treat injuries and common diseases of the eye.
However, there are differences between optometrists and ophthalmologists that are related
to their education and training. Optometrists usually receive a Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)
degree after four years of study at the undergraduate level and four years of graduate
school. In contrast, ophthalmologists complete four years of undergraduate study, four years
of medical school, and a one-year internship before they receive the Doctor of Medicine
(M.D.) degree. They then finish at least three years of residency training. Because they are
medical doctors, ophthalmologists can prescribe more kinds of medicine and do more in-
depth treatment than optometrists. Most importantly, optometrists cannot perform surgery,
but ophthalmologists can. In short, both optometrists and ophthalmologists can provide the
eye care that most people need. However, only ophthalmologists have the training to treat
certain eye problems, especially problems that require surgery.
12

13. 3. Supporting Sentences
There are two ways to organize the supporting sentences of a comparison / contrast
paragraph. One way is called point-by-point organization, and the other way is called block
organization.
a. Point-by-Point Organization
In point-by-point organization, you write about similarities and/or differences one main point (subtopic) at
a time.
Let’s examine the paragraph below together:
Academic and Professional Writing
There are key differences between academic and professional writing. For example, academic writing is
generally structured differently than professional writing. Academic papers usually include traditional,
well-developed paragraphs, whereas professional documents often contain short direct paragraphs with
bullet points to highlight key ideas. Additionally, academic writing uses the more objective third-person
point-of-view, such as the use of "he, she, or it," While professional writing uses the first-person point-of-
view, or use of "I," so that the communication comes directly from the author. No matter which type of
writing you are creating, it is most Important to tailor your writing to fit the expectations of the genre so
that your message will be well received.
13

14. As you can see in the paragraph in the previous slide, two main point (paragraph structure and
point of view) are organized one after the other.
Exercise 4: Highlight each main point (subtopic) in the paragraph below:
Different Places, Different Atmosphere
Moreda Street and Willowbrook Mall are very different. Willowbrook Mall is more modern. On the one
hand, Moreda Street has old colonial buildings and beautiful old trees that shade the street. It is also quiet.
On the other hand, Willowbrook Mall is new and the lights are bright and loud music plays in the stores.
The people on Moreda Street also have more traditional ways. Men wear attractive, conservative suits and
women wear light summer dresses. Fathers watch their teenage daughters closely and do not let their
daughters hold hands with boys. In contrast, many teenagers go to Willowbrook Mall without their parents,
and boyfriends and girlfriends walk with their arms around each other. When I see them, I realize that my
daughter will have a different experience growing up in Houston than I did in Moreda. Then, I worry about
her, and I miss Moreda Street, where life is more traditional.
14

15. b. Block Organization
In block organization, we group all the similarities together in one block and all of the
differences together in one block.
Look at the example below:
My Two Homes
There are two places that have had a profound impact in my life. One of them is New York City, and the
other is Quetzaltenango. Guatemala. There are many reasons why New York seems like my home away
from home. Both cities are striking and distinctive. For example, each has its own nickname. Everyone
knows New York is "the Big Apple." Quetzaltenango is known as "Xela" (pronounced shey-la), which is a lot
easier to say! Second, when you walk around Xela, you find many tourists and people from other countries,
just like in New York. For me, this means conversations in Xela are just as interesting as conversations in
New York. Despite their similarities, these cities are different. The first thing I notice is the pace of life.
They say New York never sleeps, and it must be true, because I always see people walking and cars on the
streets, even late at night. In the evening, my Guatemalan city definitely sleeps. Secondly, New Yorkers are
often in such a hurry, they don't even stop to eat. For breakfast they buy food on the street. In Xela people
eat their breakfast at home and most come home from work for a much more relaxed and longer lunch. In
conclusion, these are the two cities I love. For me, both are home. are unique, and are filled with interesting
people.
15

16. As you can see in the paragraph in the previous slide, all the similarities are in organized in one
block and all the differences are organized in another block.
Exercise 5: Organize the sentences below to make a comparison / contrast paragraph with
block organization:
2- There are many differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives.
6- There are also similarities between the Senate and the House of Representatives.
5- Another difference is that senators are elected to six- year terms, while representatives are elected to
serve two-year terms.
8- Another similarity is that before the President can sign a bill into law, it must first be approved by a
majority of members in both the House and Senate.
1. Congress is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
3- One difference is that the Senate is made up of 100 senators, two from each state.
4- The House of Representatives, however, is made up of 435 representatives. The number of
representatives from each state is determined by that state's population.
7- One similarity is that both houses of Congress are made up of men and women, who must work
together toward the same goal: to create, discuss, debate and vote on bills.
9- In conclusion, Although Congress is made up of two types of lawmakers, they must work together for
the benefit of all Americans.
16

17. 4. Transitional Signals
The image below shows some signal words to express similarity and contrast. 17

18. Example of how to use transitional signals:
The Internet has helped make English a world language. (like)
Global businesses have helped make English a world language
Answer: Like the internet, global businesses have helped to make English a world language.
Task 3: Now you try to combine the ideas in each pair of sentences to make one or two sentences.
1. English language movies appear in theaters worldwide. (too)
English is commonly used on the Internet.
Answer: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
2. British English has become an international language. (similarly)
American English is now heard in locations around the globe.
Answer: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
18

19. 3. American colonists spoke British English in the 1600s and 1700s. (however)
Differences in American English and British English are quite obvious now.
Answer: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
4. Biscuits are popular in the United States and Britain. (although)
They do not look or taste alike.
Answer: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
5. In British cars, the driving wheel is on the right. (but)
In American cars, the steering wheel is on the left.
Answer: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
19

20. Task 4: Write sentences of comparison or contrast. Use the information and signal words in
parentheses and add a verb.
1. The Spanish language / the Italian language (similar to)
Answer: The Spanish language is similar to the Italian language.
2. College classes are pre-university level in Great Britain / they are university level in the United States
(but)
Answer: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
3. Latin / the Greek language / the origin of many English words (like)
Answer: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
4. Knowing a second language / useful for / travel / employment (not only... but also)
Answer: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
20

21. 5. Logical Division of ideas
Logical division of ideas is a technique that divides a topic into main points and discusses
each one individually. Supporting sentences for a variety of topics can be organized by using
logical division of ideas.
When organizing a paragraph with logical division, start with a topic sentence that clearly presents your
division of ideas (your major points).
Examples:
Asian culture is significantly different from the American.
Both Washington, DC, and London are capital cities of English-speaking countries, and yet they offer vastly
different experiences to their residents and visitors.
Discuss each main point in the supporting sentences one after the other. Introduce each major point with
a signal word or phrase such as First of all…, secondly…, finally…, in addition, furthermore, also, and
moreover.
Examples:
First of all, the difference is visible in both countries’ food.
Also, both cities share and differ in cultural diversity and cost of living.
21

22. Each main point should be supported by a brief explanation, a short description, or a
convincing detail, such as an example or a statistic (numbers—-costs, amounts, percentages,
and so on).
Example:
For instance, a big portion of Asian dishes consists of sea foods.
For example, London has a history that dates back over two thousand years.
At the end of a paragraph with logical division, writers usually summarize the main points.
Example:
To sum up, the Asian and American culture differ in their food, fashion, and religion.
For all these reasons Washington, DC, and London differ from each other.
22

23. Exercise 6: Organize the following sentences into a paragraph. (Hint: look for signal words and
phrases that show division of a topic into main points.)
------. Second, both cities have a “Central Park” where people like to go and walk.
------. In conclusion, these are the two cities I love and for me, both are home, both are unique and both are
filled with interesting people.
------. Although Central Park in Xela is smaller, its tropical flowers and colonial architecture make it just as
beautiful as New York’s.
1. There are two places that have had a profound impact in my life, one of them New York where I live now,
and the other is Quetzaltenango Guatemala, where I was born and lived the first part of my life.
------. Furthermore, when you walk around Xela, you find many tourists and people from other countries, just
like in NY.
------. When you compare them, they seem like dramatically different places, but they have some things in
common, and I love them both.
------. First, each has its own nickname. Everyone knows New York is “the Big Apple.“ Quetzaltenango is
known as “Xela”, which is a lot easier to say!
------. For me, this means conversations in Xela are just as interesting as conversations in NY.
23

24. Task 5: Use what we learned so far and make a detailed outline for the following paragraph.
Use full sentences for main points and phrases for supporting details. (The topic sentence is
already done)
Two Stories I Read
In the two stories, "A Sound of Thunder" and "Being Prey," I found many things that they had in common.
One similarity between these two stories is that both of the main characters had to face a dangerous
situation. In "A Sound of Thunder," the dangerous thing was the dinosaur that the main character, Eckels,
had to hunt. In "Being Prey," the dangerous situation was Plumwood being attacked by a crocodile.
Another similarity between the two stories is that the conflicts were caused by animals. In "A Sound of
Thunder," the animal that caused the conflict was a dinosaur. In "Being Prey," the animal that caused the
conflict was a crocodile. Also, these two stories are similar because the main characters in both of the
stories didn't follow the instructions they were given. In "A Sound of Thunder," Eckels went off of the path
that he was supposed to stay on. In "Being Prey," Plumwood didn't follow what the map said. This made
her go where she was told not to go. To sum up, both stories “A Sound of Thunder” and “Being Prey” look
very similar in plot, despite their different writing style.
24

25. Topic sentence: In the two stories, "A Sound of Thunder" and "Being Prey," I found many things
that they had in common.
A. Main point:
1. Supporting detail:
2. Supporting detail:
B. Main Point:
1. Supporting detail:
2. Supporting detail:
C. Main Point:
1. Supporting detail:
2. Supporting detail:
Concluding sentence:
25

26. 6. Unity
The term "unity" refers to how all of the supporting sentences work together to support the
topic sentence. Each sentence is directly related to the topic and the controlling idea about the
topic.
Exercise 7: Find the sentences that are off topic. Cross out two sentence in each paragraph.
Paragraph 1
High Schools and Colleges
The education methods of high schools and colleges are alike, but there are dissimilarities between them
too. Firstly, social activities and facilities are the chief differences. There are laboratories, computer
rooms, canteens and theatres at high schools. However, when students benefit from these facilities, they
are supposed to obey some rules of the school like wearing school uniform and not using cell phones. In
colleges, on the other hand, students can take advantage of lots of facilities freely. For example, they can
use their cell phones in campus. Collage food is more delicious than high school food. Secondly, high
schools and colleges differ in their tuition fees. At high schools, students have to pay only registration fee.
In high schools you can find more friends. Moreover, students do not have to pay any fee for subsequent
years. On the other hand, tuition fees of colleges are paid differently. Even after students enroll in college,
they have to pay tuition fee for every term. In conclusion, high schools and collages differ in social
activities, facilities, and tuition fees.
26

27. Paragraph 2
Dalat and Vung Tau
There are many differences between the city of Dalat and the city of Tau. Firstly, the Dalat city
climate is very cold from October to December, warm from July to September and cool around
the year. In contrast, Vung Tau city climate has a very intense heat in the dry seasons and cool
in the rain seasons. Dalat city is the second most crowded city in Vietnam. Secondly, the Dalat
city has many high mountains with green pine forest. On the other hand, Vung Tau city only
has a small lake with a central park. Vung tau once was damaged by earthquake. To sum up,
both cities differ in their climate and landscape.
27

28. 7. Coherence
In addition to unity a paragraph must also have coherence. A paragraph with coherence is
logical. All of the sentences are easy to follow because they are in logical order and are well
connected. There are no sudden jumps. There are transitional signals to help the reader along
the way.
Exercise 8: Circle the sentences that are not in a logical position.
Vacation
Vacations are one of the favorite things for people to do. There are a couple ways to do this, and they have
their pros and cons. Tent-camping and staying at hotels are two of the most common ways of
vacationing. Tent camping has been around for years. This is a good option for those whose budget is
limited. Hotels are definitely a more comfortable way of vacationing if you have the financial resources.
There is also a little bit of an element of danger in tent-camping, although others just see this as part of
the adventure. They provide comfortable beds and all the amenities of home. You also have reservations
for peace of mind, and don't need to worry about the weather. Although some campgrounds' sites these
days rival the charge of hotels. In conclusion, The two ways of vacationing discussed here are both good
in some ways; it largely depends on the amount of money you have to spend.
28

29. 8. Concluding sentence
The conclusion of a comparison / contrast paragraph may repeat the topic sentence or restate
similarities and differences. It may also give an opinion or a recommendation.
In order to write a concluding sentence, it is better to use conclusion signals such as:
Examples:
In conclusion, after students weigh the differences in quality and cost, they may decide to choose a
smaller, less expensive college that nevertheless has high academic standards.
To sum up, the ancient Olympics and the modern Olympics differ in their purpose, participants, and
events.
All in all, To summarize Indeed,
In summary, In conclusion, To sum up,
In brief, To conclude, In short,
29

30. Exercise 9: Choose the best concluding sentence for the paragraph below:
Comic Book or Mythology
Comic book heroes and mythological creatures have a lot of differences, and a lot of similarities. Some
differences between comic book heroes and mythology ones are that there was a possibility that the
mythological creatures actually lived. Unlike comic book ones, they’re all made up stories that seem to
attract kids into reading them. Another difference is that all the comic book hero’s have abnormal powers
like laser eyes. However, the mythological creatures don’t have abnormal powers, but they do in some way
look abnormal. Other than the differences between both of them, they do have similarities too. One
similarity is that they must be good people. Because who would consider a bad guy a hero? Other than
that, another similarity between both of them are that they’re abnormal in some way. ----------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.
A) to conclude both comic book heroes and mythological creatures are different in their super powers and
the fact that they actually lived or not, and are similar in being good people and their abnormality.
B) to sum up, comic book heroes are more powerful than mythological creatures.
C) to conclude, both comic book heroes and mythological creatures are similar.
D) in brief, both comic book heroes and mythological creatures are different.
30

31. Task 6: Now try to write a concluding sentence for the paragraph below (make sure to use a
conclusion signal):
Women and Empires
The role of women was not the same on all civilizations, especially for the Greeks and Romans. Despite
their differences education was still important, and girls were still limited in learning and participating. For
example, in Ancient Rome the father contained all the power, but the mother was not pushed aside.
Mothers had a responsibility of managing the household, purchasing food, entertaining guests, and
discussing family issues. At the end of the republic, women had a political influence, could own property,
and they could even accept inheritances. However, the same story did not happen for the women in
Ancient Greece, because marriages were arranged, women were considered inferior to men, and women
were supposed to stay in the background of their own homes. The Greek woman's duty was to manage
the household, slaves, and children. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------.
31

32. 9. Answer key
Exercise 1:
C
Exercise 2:
2. Shakespeare Wrote Romeo and Juliet.
3. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe Is by C. S. Lewis.
4. Things Fall Apart Is by Chinua Achebe.
Task 1:
Possible answer: Year-round Outdoor Activities
Exercise 3:
Paragraph 1: A
Paragraph 2: C
32

33. Task 2:
Possible answer: Both optometrists and ophthalmologists are qualified eye doctors, but they
are not the same.
Exercise 4:
One point (outlook): Willowbrook Mall is more modern. On the one hand, Moreda Street has old
colonial buildings and beautiful old trees that shade the street. It is also quiet. On the other
hand, Willowbrook Mall is new and the lights are bright and loud music plays in the stores.
The other point (people): The people on Moreda Street also have more traditional ways. Men
wear attractive, conservative suits and women wear light summer dresses. Fathers watch their
teenage daughters closely and do not let their daughters hold hands with boys. In contrast,
many teenagers go to Willowbrook Mall without their parents, and boyfriends and girlfriends
walk with their arms around each other.
33

34. Exercise 5:
2- There are many differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives.
3- One difference is that the Senate is made up of 100 senators, two from each state.
4- The House of Representatives, however, is made up of 435 representatives. The number of
representatives from each state is determined by that state's population.
5- Another difference is that senators are elected to six- year terms, while representatives are
elected to serve two-year terms.
6- There are also similarities between the Senate and the House of Representatives.
7- One similarity is that both houses of Congress are made up of men and women, who must
work together toward the same goal: to create, discuss, debate and vote on bills.
8- Another similarity is that before the President can sign a bill into law, it must first be
approved by a majority of members in both the House and Senate.
9- In conclusion, Although Congress is made up of two types of lawmakers, they must work
together for the benefit of all Americans.
34

35. Task 3:
Possible answers:
1. English language movies appear in theaters worldwide. English is commonly used on the
Internet, too.
2. British English has become an international language. Similarly, American English is now
heard in locations around the globe.
3. American colonists spoke British English in the 1600s and 1700s. However differences in
American English and British English are quite obvious now.
4. Although biscuits are popular in the United States and Britain, they do not look or taste alike.
5. In British cars, the driving wheel is on the right, but in American cars, the steering wheel is on
the left.
Task 4:
Possible answers:
2. College classes are pre-university level in Great Britain but they are university level in the
United States.
35

36. 3. Like Latin, the Greek language is the origin of many English words.
4. Knowing a second language is useful not only for travel but also for employment.
Exercise 6:
2. When you compare them, they seem like dramatically different places, but they have some
things in common, and I love them both.
3. First, each has its own nickname. Everyone knows New York is “the Big Apple.“
Quetzaltenango is known as “Xela”, which is a lot easier to say!
4. Second, both cities have a “Central Park” where people like to go and walk.
5. Although Central Park in Xela is smaller, its tropical flowers and colonial architecture make
it just as beautiful as New York’s.
6. Furthermore, when you walk around Xela, you find many tourists and people from other
countries, just like in NY.
7. For me, this means conversations in Xela are just as interesting as conversations in NY.
8. In conclusion, these are the two cities I love and for me, both are home, both are unique and
both are filled with interesting people.
36

37. Task 5:
Possible answers:
A. Main point: One similarity between these two stories is that both of the main characters had
to face a dangerous situation.
1. Supporting detail: Hunting a dinosaur
2. Supporting detail: Defeating a crocodile.
B. Main point: Another similarity between the two stories is that the conflicts were caused by
animals.
1. Supporting detail: A dinosaur causing the conflict.
2. Supporting detail: A crocodile causing the conflict.
C. Main Point: Also, these two stories are similar because the main characters in both of the
stories didn't follow the instructions they were given.
1. Supporting detail: Eckels went off of the path.
2. Supporting detail: Plumwood didn't follow what the map said.
Concluding sentence: To sum up, both stories “A Sound of Thunder” and “Being Prey” look very
similar in plot, despite their different writing style.
37

38. Exercise 7:
Paragraph 1: Collage food is more delicious than high school food - In high schools you can
find more friends
Paragraph 2: Dalat city is the second most crowded city in Vietnam - Vung tau once was
damaged by earthquake
Exercise 8:
Hotels are definitely a more comfortable way of vacationing if you have the financial
resources. - Although some campgrounds' sites these days rival the charge of hotels.
Exercise 9:
D
Task 6:
Possible answer: In short, women were restricted in ancient Rome and Greece, and were
unfortunately considered inferior to men in general.
38

39. 9. Sources
Books:
1. Longman Academic Writing 2 – 5
2. Inside writing 2 – 4
3. Effective academic writing 2
Websites:
1. pinterest.com
2. 300writers.com
3. courses.lumenlearning.com
4. slidesharecdn.com
5. studymoose.com
39

40. 6. journeymexico.com
7. ipa.com
8. ubcms.buffalo.edu
9. grammarly.com/blog
10. k12.thoughtfullearning.com
11. prezi.com
12. aso-resources.une.edu.au
13. writingcenter.uagc.edu
14. myperfectwords.com
15. examples.com
16. https://pt.slideshare.net/DevinFlorendo/compare-contrast-essay
17. thoughtco.com
18. edtechbooks.org
40