Method of teaching

1. PROJECT

2.  ‘Project and project method have been applied to
almost every kind of teaching , old or new , and to
every type of result gained from teaching until it has
become almost impossible to derive a meaning for the
term that can be said to be truly its own.’

3. Origin
 One of its first uses was an object type of training that
was developed by boys and girls s agriculture clubs and
in the vocational courses established in high schools .
 The essential element was the activity of the individual
and the production of tangible results .
 Dr.William Kilpatrick enlarged meaning of project to
cover many forms of student activity por learning
previously not included.

4. Definition
 A project is a wholehearted purposeful act completed in a
natural setting . – Dr Kilpatrick
 A project is a problematic act carried out to completion in
its natural settings . – Stevenson
 ‘Any unit of purposeful experience in which the dominating
purpose is an inner urge that fixes the aim or objective of
action and guides its process to completion .’

5. Characteristics of learning activity
1. Problematic in nature .
2. Aimed at a definite , attainable goal .
3. Purposeful , natural and lifelike in its procedure to
attain the goal .
4. Directed and planned by the student .
5. It should be of practical nature .

6. Student
Subject
matter
Teacher
TEACHING
LEARNING
SITUATION

7. TYPES OF PROJECT
 INDIVIDUAL /GROUP (form)
 3 TYPES According to purpose and objective
1. Production of some physical or material product
2.Acquisition of ability .
3. Intellectual project .

8. VALUES AND DANGERS
 Arouses and maintains interest of the students
 Gives freedom of thought and action
 Establishes a definite ,tangible ,attainable goals by
clearly defining what is to be done .
 Provides for individual differences .
 Development of ‘doing abilities’
 Teaches to evaluate and judge .
 Purposeful activity.
 Develops spirit of co-operation and community
interest.

9. Cont..
 Wrong selection of topics
 Over consumption of time .
 Costly and availability of materials

10. Steps in developing a project
 Purposing :
Student should originate the project and be
motivated to reach her goal .
• Planning :
Should completely cover the subject matter .
Teacher should guide the students to avoid the errors .
A detailed outline can be drawn by the students .
Critically examining each details .
References and directions for project can be collected
.

11. Cont..
 Execution :
Most important part .
Provides opportunity for creative expression and self
activity .
Completeing the project .
• Judging :
• Students should be given necessary standard for
evaluating her own work .
• Classroom knowledge is applied in practical .

12. Use of the project method in
teaching of Nursing
 Most of the teaching should be done in project
method .
 Clinical teaching is adaptable to project work .
 Can be used as an ideal background for teaching care
of patient .

13. Examples
 A project in bed making . Miniatures copies of the
regular hospital bed , the post op bed , closed bed and
so on
 A class in personal hygiene can make a sanitary survey
of the school with a view to improving the health
conditions of the students.
 A class in orthopedic nursing could make models of
the various orthopedic splints and braces and apply to
dolls .