The document discusses the project method of teaching. It defines the project method as a whole-hearted, purposeful activity carried out in a social environment. Some key characteristics are that it takes students beyond the classroom into a natural setting, encourages investigative learning and problem-solving, and gives students active involvement in tasks. There are individual, group, simple, and complex projects. The steps of a project include creating a situation, selecting a problem, planning, execution, evaluation, and reporting/recording. The project method aims to make learning more realistic and experiential for students.

1. MACROTEACHING
ON
PROJECT METHOD
MEERA
AAROH TTC New Delhi
DElEd 1st year 2022-24

2. INTRODUCTION
Project method is one of the modern method of teaching
in which, the students point of view is given importance
in designing the curricula and content of studies. This
method is based on the philosophy of Pragmatism and
the principle of ‘Learning by doing’. In this strategy
pupils perform constructive activities in natural condition.
A project is a list of real life that has been imparted into
the school. It demands work from the pupils.

3. DEFINITION
• According to W.H. Kilpatrick, “A project is a whole-
hearted purposeful activity proceeding in a social
environment”.
• According to Ballord, “A project is a bit of real life
that has been imparted into school.”
• According to Thomas & Long, “It is a voluntary
undertaking which involves constructive effort or
thought and eventuates into objective results”.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF
PROJECT METHOD
It takes the
student beyond
the walls of the
class room.
It is carried out
in a natural
setting, thus
making learning
realistic and
experiential.

5. Contd….
 It encourages
investigative
learning and
solution of practical
problems.
 It is focused on
the student as it
enlists his/her active
involvement in the
task set.

6. Contd…
It encourages the
of
as it
spirit
scientific
enquiry
involves
validation of
hypotheses based
on evidence
gathered from the
field through
investigation.

7. Contd….
It promotes a
better
knowledge of
the practical
of
from
aspects
knowledge
gained
books.

8. It enhances the
social
as it
student’s
skills,
requires
interaction
the
with
social
environment.
Contd…

9. plays a
Teacher
facilitative role rather
than the role of an
expert.
It allows the students a
great degree of freedom
to choose from among
the options given to
them; hence it provides
a psychological boost.
It encourages the spirit
of research in the
student.

10. In individual project every students solve the
problem in their own according to their
interest, capacity, attitude and needs.
TYPES OF PROJECT
Individual and Social projects:

11. Group projects the problem is solved by the
group of pupil in the class. Here the social,
citizenship qualities and synergism are
develops.

12. Simple and Complex project
In the simple projects
the students are
completing only one
work at a time. It gives
the deep information
about the project in a
one angle.
students get
and
The
deeper
broader
knowledge about the
problem.

13. In the complex project the students are carried out more
than one work at a time. They are focuses on the work in
various subject and angles. Here the students get the
knowledge about the work in various activities and
dimensions.

14. According to Kilpatrick there are four types of projects:
1. Constructive project: Practical or physical tasks such as
construction of article, making a model, digging the well and playing
drama are done in this type of projects.

15. 2. Aesthetic project:
Appreciation powers of
the students are
developed in this type of
project through the
musical programmes,
beautification
something,
of
appreciation
of poems and so on.

16. 3. Problematic project:
In this type of project develops the problem solving capacity of
the students through their experiences. It is based on the
cognitive domain.
4. Drill project:
It is for the mastery of the skill and knowledge of the students.
It increases the work efficacy and capacity of the students.

17. STEPS OF A PROJECT METHOD
1. Creating Situation:
In the first step teacher creates the proper situation to
the students in the class. He puts up the knowledge
about the project method procedure, steps, and uses to
the students.
A project should arise out of a need felt by students
and it should never be forced on them. It should be
purposeful and significant.

18. 2. Selection of the problem:
The teacher helps the students to select the
problem and guide them. Students are having freedom
to choose the topic or problem based on their interest
and ability.
Before choosing the topic the principles should
be taken in to an account. Such as school tasks are to
be as real and as purposeful and they are of such a
nature that the student is genuinely eager to carry them
out in order to achieve a desirable and clearly realized
aim.
Teacher should only tempt the students for a
project by providing a situation but the
for the project should finally come from
particular
proposal
students.

19. 3. Planning:
The teacher discuss with the students about the problem in
various angles and points.
After the free expression of the students’ opinion about
the problem, the teacher writes down the whole programme of
action stepwise on the blackboard.
In the process of planning teacher has to act only as a
guide and should give suggestions at times but actual planning
be left to the students.

20. 4. Execution:
The students are stating their work in this step. They are collecting
the relevant information and materials at first. The teacher should give the
time and right to the students according to their own speed, interest and
ability.
During this step the teacher should carefully supervise the pupils in
manipulative skills to prevent waste of materials and to guard accidents.
Teacher should constantly check up the relation between the chalked out
plans and the developing project.

21. 5. Evaluation:
Evaluation of the project should be
done both by the pupils and the
teachers. Here the students evaluating their
task. They determine whether the objects are
achieved or not. After that they criticize and
express their feeling about the task freely. The
evaluation of the project has to be done in the
light of plans, difficulties in the execution and
achieved results.

22. 6. Reporting and Recording:
It is the last step of the project method in which
each and every step of the work are reported. The
reported things are recorded in a certain order in a
book form.
It should include the proposal, plan and its
discussion, duties allotted to different students and
how far they were carried out by them. It should
also include the details of places visited and
surveyed guidance for future and all other possible
details.
The book formatted report is submitted to the
teacher at the end.