2. Session outcomes
Participnts should be able to:
• Understand the use of projects as a method of teaching
and learning.
• Appreciate the use of projects as a method of teaching
their respective subjects.
• Guide learners through learning projects.
3. What is Project – Based Learning?
A method of teaching and learning whereby learners design, plan,
and carry out an extended task that produces a publicly exhibited
output: a functional product, publication, presentation or service(a
lesson to others).
It is related to inquiry-based learning, and problem-based learning.
It is the outcome of the pragmatic education philosophy of John
Dewey, an American philosopher and educationist.
It was Propound by Prof. W.H. Kilpatrick of the University of
Columbia and was perfected as a teaching method by Dr. J. A.
4. Cont’d
It came up as a revolt against the traditional learning
environment of the school which is usually characterized by
passivity and lacks keenness and real life.
Much of the subject content taught and many behaviors found
in school do not conform to the desirable social life in the world
outside school.
It is an expression of the wide spread dissatisfaction with the
bookish, encyclopedic and passive methods of teaching and
learning.
PBL may be carried out in the school or outside the school.
5. Watching a video clip on PBL
Activity
Using ideas from the video clip you have watched, discuss
and respond to the following questions:
1. What are the features of PBL?
2. Why do you consider PBL relevant to delivering the LSC?
3. What role is played by the:
teacher
learner
in PBL?
4. What are the preliminary tasks involved in carrying out a learning
project?
6. Cont’d
The essence of this method is to carry out a useful task
in a group in which all the learners work co- operatively.
This inspires a level of ambition and commitment much
greater than is fueled by the incentive of ‘getting good
marks’.
Learning by doing and learning by living are the two
basic principles involved and children learn through
7. Principles of the Project Method
1. The principle of freedom
2. The principle of reality
3. The principle of activity
4. The principle of experience
5. The principle of utility
6. The principle of interest
7. The principle of sociability
8. Major steps of the Project Method
Providing a situation
Choosing the Project
Planning
Carrying out the project (executing)
Recording
Evaluating
9. Steps Expounded
Providing a situation
A Project is never to be forced upon pupils.
The teacher should provide situations by conservations
on different topics, discussions on pictures, by telling
stories or taking out learners on excursions and
educational tours.
Choosing/identifying a Project
After a situation has been provided, the next step is the
choice of a good project.
The learner must feel that the project is their own.
10. Cont’d
Planning
After a suitable choice has been made, the next step is
prepare a plan for the execution of the project.
The entire planning is to be done by the learners under the
guidance of the teacher.
Each learner should be encouraged to participate in
the discussion and offer his/her suggestions.
11. Cont’d
Executing a Project
When the plan is ready the teacher should
encourage the learners to put it into practice.
The teacher should challenge the learners to assign
duties and distribute work among themselves,
according to their individual interests and
capacities.
Then, they should be asked to work in co-operation
with one another till the project is complete.
12. Cont’d
Recording
All the learners should maintain a project-book(portfolio) - a
complete record of all the activities, connected with the
project.
It should include the choice of project, planning, discussions
held, duties assigned, references and books consulted,
information gathered, experiences gained, challenges faced,
guidance sought etc.
Evaluating a Project
After the completion of project, the student should be asked
to review their work.
They should note their mistakes, if any, and see whether they
had proceeded, according to the plan or not.
