anesthesia intro

1. Introduction to Anesthesia
By Dr Mihret Dagne (Anesthesiologist )

2. Out line
• Objectives
• History of Anesthesia
• Scope of Anesthesia
• Types of Anesthesia
• Summary

3. Objective
• By the end of the session the students will be able to
• Define Anesthesia
• List the scope of Anesthesia
• List the types of anesthesia

4. •What is Anesthesia ?

6. History of Anesthesia

7. History con ….
• Pre – 1946 foundations of Anesthesia
• 1946-1900 Establishment of Anesthesia
• 20th centaury consolidation and growth

8. Foundations of Anesthesia
Drug Method
• Alcohol
• Mandrake
• Opium (poppy)
• Cannabis
• Cocaine
Non drug method
• Cold
• Concussion
• Carotid compression
• Nerve compression
• Hypnosis
• Blood letting

9. Foundation cont …

10. Establishment of Anesthesia

11. Consolidation and growth
• Intubation and air way advances
• Anesthetic equipment
• Monitoring
• Drug Advances
• Local Anesthetics Advances
• Specialty Advances

12. Why anaesthesia?
The Objectives
• Loss of awareness / Amnesia
• Analgesia
• Reduce movement in response to stimuli
• Minimize autonomic responses to surgical stimuli
• Muscle relaxation- if required
• Autonomic Regulation

15. Scope of Anesthesiology
• OR
• PACU
• Pre op clinic
• Acute and chronic pain clinic
• Critical care
• Respiratory care
• Trauma
• Emergency
• Hospice and palliative care

16. Types of Anesthesia
• Local anesthesia –loss of sensory perception over small areas of the
body
• Regional anesthesia – loss of sensory perception over specific region
of the body
• Monitored Anesthesia care (MAC)-conscious sedation and
observation
• General anesthesia – Loss of sensory perception of the entire body
• MAC anaesthesia (Monitored Anaesthesia Care) refers to patients that
are not completely asleep (various levels of sedation) and were not
intubated.

18. Academic and Clinical skills
required
 Preoperative evaluation
Airway and ventilation
Fluid replacement and volume
resuscitation, electrolyte balance
Pharmacology of anesthetic drugs
Principles of general & regional
anesthesia
Pain management
Monitoring in anesthesia/Intra
operative management and problem
anticipation
Post operative management

19. • Be familiar with the major monitoring standards and
be able to interpret basic information gained from the
monitoring of:
 Blood pressure
 Pulse oximetry
 ECG
 Capnography
 Ventilation (parameters RR, VT, MV)
 Temperature
 Invasive pressure monitoring ( CVP, arterial line)
Monitoring in Anesthesia

20. Steps in Anesthesia
Your Text here

21. Summary
• Anesthesia means no sensation
• It is a filed that passed though different stags of development and and
contuse to grow
• Anesthesia has a vast area of practice
• Three types of anesthesia :- Local , Regional and General