General Anaesthesia for icu admitted patient.

1. ANAESTHESIOLOGIST

2. • The original role of the anesthesiologist was to facilitate surgical
procedures by providing analgesia and amnesia for patients in a safe
manner.
• While this continues to be the primary responsibility of
anesthesiologists, the field of anesthesia has now grown out of being
practiced exclusively in the operating room to areas outside the OR as
well as providing services as consulting specialty in many patient care
areas.
• Anesthesiologists can now well be described as true perioperative
physicians.

3. • Anesthesiologists provide care for invasive and noninvasive
procedures outside the OR including MRI, CT, ECT, cardiac
catheterizations, and interventional radiological procedures.
• In most institutions anesthesiologists are an integral part of the
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or “code team”, and are known to be
the experts in patient resuscitation and life support.
• Anesthesia is a specialty in which an extensive knowledge of
physiology and pharmacology is a prerequisite to begin with.

4. DEFINITION OF GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
The goal in the administration of general anesthesia is to provide a
stage of reversible unconsciousness with adequate analgesia and
muscle relaxation for surgical procedures in such a way that it does not
jeopardize the patient's health.

5. COMPONENTS OF GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
• Loss of consciousness/ hypnosis/ amnesia
• Analgesia
• Muscle relaxation
• Blunting sympathetic reflexes

9. STEPS
• History taking
• Physical examination
• IV’s
• Premedication
• Monitors and OR setup
• Induction
• Maintenance
• Emergence

10. HISTORY TAKING

11. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

14. INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION AND FLUID
MANAGEMENT

17. PREMEDICATION
• Medication which is given in preparation for an operation

19. INTRAOP MONITORING AND OR SETUP

20. Intraop monitoring includes:
• Bp
• Heart rate
• Respiratory rate
• Temperature
• Oxygen saturation
• Ecg
• Urine output
• Blood loss

25. INDUCTION
• It is the transition from an awake state to an anesthetized state.
• It is done either with intravenous induction agents or inhalation of
volatile anaesthetics.

28. MAINTENANCE
• During the maintenance period the anesthetist has two
responsibilities:
First is to monitor the patient closely to ensure that the vital signs
remain within acceptable limits.
Second, is to maintain the patient at an appropriate anesthetic depth.
• The key to effective and safe anesthesia is patient monitoring.

29. EMERGENCE
Emergence is a passive process with the gradual return of
consciousness after discontinuing administration of anesthetic and
adjuvant agents at the end of the surgical procedure.

31. COMPLICATIONS OF GENERAL ANAESTHESIA