Cross Cultural Communication And Cultural Differences

Cross Cultural Communication And Cultural Differences
When people think of business, rarely do we associate culture with the concept. This leads to an
issue in cross–cultural communication. By analyzing cross–cultural communication, and its
miscommunication in cultural differences, it is clear that employees should know more of a
country's defining culture. Only recently have we seen an emphasis in understanding other country's
cultures. In doing so, some businesses have prospered, while others have suffered after a terrible
miscommunication. When dealing with culture, there are three segments that an employee should
consider. What can be done before, during and after contact is made with the culture. In effectively
preparing for one, a business may successfully send the message they wish to their client.
Before even beginning communications, an individual should research the culture. When
researching the culture, individuals should identify and understand normal business patterns in that
location. This may include doing work before communication is started. For instance, in other
cultures it is customary for a friendship to develop before communications may begin. In attempting
to be on a friendly basis, clients may be more forgiving if a cultural mistake is made. While in other
cultures, giving a gift before a negotiation takes place is normal. Lastly if possible the individual
should be aware of the current state of affairs in the opposing nation to avoid sensitive subjects. This
all depends on the culture though that is
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Cultural Difference And Decision Making
Assessment Task 2: Group Talk Assignment
"What is cultural difference in decision making and does cultural difference influence decision
making?"
In today 's quick paced, focused and complex environment, decision making aptitudes are essential
qualities that any management must have. As human being, we are not conceived with impeccable
decision making aptitudes; we learn through skills and experiences that begin our primary school
stages to and keep on adapting through to our expert life. Decision making can be hard and decision
incudes a few clashes or disappointment. Decision making is the process of making a one choice
from number of alternatives and committing to a future course of action. In this multiculturalism
world main question in decision making is cultural difference in an any organization. And does
cultural difference influences decision making.
In an illustrative sense multicultural is essentially a term which depicts the social and ethnic assorted
qualities of contemporary Australia. We are, and will remain, a multicultural society. As an open
approach multiculturalism incorporates government measures intended to react to that assorted
qualities. At present Australia's The Commonwealth Government has distinguished three
measurements of multicultural arrangement.
Cultural identity: The privilege of all Australians, inside deliberately characterized breaking points,
to express and share their individual social legacy, including their dialect and religion.

Austranese And Japanese Cultural Differences
This essay aims to provide more information in regards to the differences between the Australian
and Japanese cultures, as well as fundamental insights into Japanese business etiquette and highlight
important steps for effective communication when making business in a foreign country. As the
Australian entrepreneur and owner of 'The Aromatic Condiment Shop' Emily is looking to expand
her business deals in Japan it is paramount to make a favourable first impression and understand key
points to better navigate cultural differences and grow her business.
Cultural differences according to Adler "involves the integrated and maintained system of socially
acquired values, beliefs, and rules of conduct which impact the range of accepted behaviors
distinguishable from one societal group to another". (Adler, N. J. (1997). International dimensions
of organizational behavior (3rd ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Shout–Western College Publishing)
Cross–cultural communication involves an understanding of how people from different cultures
speak, communicate, and perceive the world around them. This type of communication has become
fundamental to companies as well as entrepreneurs looking to grow their business, in addition to
being fundamental as the workplace has become more diverse. In this line is important to highligh
the concept of high– and low–context culture.
According to Edward T. Hall: A high–context (HC) communication or message is one in which most
of the information is either in the

Canada And The Philippines: Cultural Differences
As global markets grow more organization will benefit from cultural diversity training. This training
is used to help the leadership learn about others cultures, beliefs, values, and behaviors that
contribute to the development of a culture. My travels to Canada and The Philippines has made me
aware of the cultural differences but also to value cultural diversity; therefore, cultural dimensions'
factors will help to compare Canada and The Philippines cultural differences and similarity.
One person that has done research on cultural diversity is Geert Hofstede. He established the
cultural dimension's categories. He seeks to describe aspect of a culture according to different
dimensions, starting with four originally Hofstede (2010):
Power ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Retrieved from https://geert–hofstede.com/canada.html
I am comparing Canada and the Philippines Power Distance because it is distant from each other on
the scale is the greatest and Uncertainty avoidance because the scale dimension number are similar.
Power Distance
Power Distance dimension according to Hofstede (2010) shows the degree of less or more accepts
of inequalities within a culture; Canada was 94 while the Philippines was 32 clearly difference;
therefore, showing one culture accept power inequalities more than the other. Power distance lower
ranking is showing a culture expect and accept relationship that are more democratic. On the other
hand, higher ranking accepts hierarchical. This cultural may believe that who every holds the power
is right. On the Power Distance Index Hallale find that individuals have a solid dislike with saying
"no'! especially in Asian nations. Saying no may be seen as form of disrespect Hallale (2013). I lived
in the Philippines when President Ferdinand E. Marcos was President and the assassination of
opposition leader Benigno Aquino. At that time, I was unaware of a hierarchical society but thinking
back; I can now see how 32 power distance scale ranking is believable because social positions and
statuses have more prestige in their culture. While working, and traveling to Canada; I was able to
see human equality especially with respect to socials issues; rules are used to determine what is
right; for example, health care. all

Cultural Differences And Their Effects On Leadership
Cultural Differences and Their Effects on Leadership
An Organization success depends on how employees, leaders, groups, and individuals work
together. Now a company is usually ran on a set of foundations that have been laid out in terms such
as, but not limited to, values, beliefs, norms, language, and habits. In order to have a successful
working environment, one must reach out to get to know their employee beliefs, values, most
importantly get to know their employees personalities. Happy leaders, lead happy workers, who in
turn are more dedicated, and willing to put the work in to make the company a success. In order to
maintain a successful running business, you must learn to train, and maintain happy employees. In
this paper we are going to look at Geert Hofstede, social psychologist and foremost authority on
global and organizational cultures, and how he defines six dimensions: Power Distance,
Individualism, masculinity, Uncertain Avoidance, Long Term Orientation, and Indulgence and how
all these dimensions tie into a successful business. I intend to give you the two countries that I
choose to compare using the Hofstede Six Dimensions of culture, to show you have different
cultures impact their work relationships.
National Culture
Hofstede conducted a study on how values in the work environment, are impacted by employee
culture. He defined culture as "the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members
of one group or category of people from others."

Cultural Differences Case Study
Executive Summary
Cultural differences, can manifest and accentuate personal and professional mannerism. A French
manager named Chalon, with 18–years of multicultural management experience, upon moving to
the United States encounters difficulties with his management style. In order to observe the
relationship between management and cultural differences, we explored: communication; leadership
and group management roles in a multicultural environment; alternative solutions such as mapping,
bridging and integrating (MBI); 'freezing, pleasing or teasing' leadership; effective feedback. The
ideas are a subset in evaluating cultural differences in management, but will serve as helpful
development for cultural intelligence for Chalon.
1. Introduction
Chalon, with 18–years of experience managing teams across six countries, moved to the U.S. as a
manager of Michelin in Greenville. To his surprise, he received lots of complaints from his
subordinates, which led to questions about his own style and abilities, which had made him so
successful in the past. This report aims to find out problems he faced in cross–cultural environment
due to communication, leadership and management and suggest solutions for the same.
2. Communication issue within cross–cultures environment
2.1 Communication problems associated with cross–cultural convention. When referring to
multicultural management, communication issues are usually the first to be considered due to

Defining Abnormality With Consideration of Cultural...
Defining Abnormality With Consideration of Cultural Differences
Cultural differences are always a problem when defining abnormality. What one would consider
completely normal in one culture would be considered abnormal in another, for example the island
of Java often set fire to a ball soaked in petrol and then play football with it. Here that would be
considered wrong and abnormal but is an everyday occurrence for the people of Java. This concept
doesn't only apply to eastern cultures; the English could be defined as abnormal by other cultures
definitions, even by other western societies e.g. it would not be considered normal by the Italians to
wait at a red light when there are no other cars ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When using this approach to define abnormality you would first have to consider what is normal
behaviour for that particular culture otherwise a person could be incorrectly diagnosed as abnormal.
Cultural differences are also a problem for the 'Failure to Function Adequately' definition of
abnormality. This classification of abnormality involves a person who conforms to their 7
characteristics of the abnormal as having ill mental health. Examples of these characteristics are
vividness, unconventionality and observer discomfort. This definition does not state the extent of the
characteristic in order for it to be abnormal, for example we could class the Native Americans who
perform the sun dance (a ritual which involves ripping ropes out of the chests of dancers) as
abnormal as we would experience discomfort from watching this behaviour, whilst Native
Americans take great joy in this activity and it us used as part of their celebrations.
Other attempts to define abnormality are also limited by cultural differences, for example the DSM
refers only to disorders found in westerners, it does not mention culture bound syndromes, for
example Koro which is found solely in South East Asia and Pibloqtoq which occurs mainly in cold
climates e.g. Greenland Alaska and the Canadian Arctic. Many disorders in the DSM are specific
only to western society;

Cultural Difference Argument Is Not A Sound One
In this paper I will discuss Cultural Relativism and argue that the cultural difference argument is not
a sound one, because its premise does not prove or disprove its conclusion. Further, I will use this to
prove that morals can be objectively true and do not have to change on a culture to culture basis.
Cultural Relativism theorizes the nature of morality and whether moral truths are correct even if
they are not agreed on across all cultures. The outline of the Cultural Differences Argument is that
we argue from facts about the differences between cultural outlooks and then we conclude
something about the status of morality from this argument . Overall each of these moral arguments
is built upon one fundamental outline which claims that (1) Different cultures ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This argument claims that we are not allowed to condemn another culture just because it is different
from our own. While it is an interesting idea to be tolerant and accepting of all choices from other
cultures, it is just not plausible. It is an acceptance which leads to no growth in society and results in
the inability to also criticize the negative aspects of a society. For example, if we agreed that each
culture has the right to believe and do as they please without outside interference, then we would not
be able to criticize slavery or anti–semitism because they are just the thoughts of that culture. If we
were unable to criticize these fundamentally wrong ideas then there would be no growth in culture
since we would be unable to disconnect our society from morally incorrect thoughts and move them
on to better ideas. This thought that one's culture is always correct in its opinions not only makes it
impossible for one to criticize another culture, but it also makes it impossible for one to criticize
their own

Hofstede's Four Cultural Differences
1. Using Hofstede's four cultural dimensions as a point of reference, what are some of the main
cultural differences between the United States and France?
When referencing Hofstede's four cultural dimensions it is apparent that the United States and
France have different perceptions of one another. The United States views the French as arrogant,
flamboyant, hierarchical, and emotional. Whereas, France views the United States as naive,
aggressive, unprincipled, and it's people being workaholics. (Doh and Luthans, 2015)
The first main cultural difference would be power distance. The power distance dimension indicates
"the point at which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect
that power is distributed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The French would rather have well–structured management with rules and regulations in place
rather than take risks that may not have a positive outcome. Whereas, Americans are the complete
opposite, meaning that they are more willing to take risks and are less traditional when it comes to
rules and regulations.
The third cultural difference is masculinity. Masculinity is defined by Hofstede as "a trait, which
emphasizes ambition, acquisition of wealth and differentiated gender roles." (Tidwell, n.d) A society
that is focused on money and success is said to be high in masculinity. The United States is an
example of an area that is high in this dimension. For example, when the Disney company decided
on opening a park in France they didn't even take into consideration how the French would react or
what type of impact this could have on the their culture. Being that they have the masculine
characteristics they were more concerned about wanting to prevail on others.
The fourth cultural difference is individualism. According to Hofstede individualism is defined as
"the tendency of the people to mainly look after themselves and their immediate family."
(ClearlyCultural, n.d) In the United States and France individualism is pretty high. However,
individualism is slightly higher in the United States being that they are more likely to

Understanding Cultural Differences in the Workplace Essay
Understanding Cultural Differences in the Work Place
Spring Session B
Professor Davis
5/6/2012
Chamberlain College Of Nursing
The importance of understanding cultural, ethnic and gender differences by managers and
professionals in a business setting is essential to make the work environment comfortable. In every
culture there are basic standards of thinking, and acting and these cultural differences strongly
influence workplace values and communication. What may be considered acceptable and natural in
the workplace for one person may be unacceptable for another person. People from diverse cultures
bring new ways of thinking, creativity and language skills needed to survive in today's work force.
In many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When there is a commonality the gap in the bridge can be closed.
Having a commonality will allow the gap in cultural, gender and ethnical differences to merge
together. Example, there is an older lady that work with me who is very quiet and she is from Africa.
Several coworkers whisper about her, stating "she's evil, she's scary, and she's a witch". I started
talking to this lady and I enjoyed our conversation. This woman has so much wisdom that I felt like
a little child sitting at the feet of my Parents. This woman stated "I know what people are saying
about me and told me she's not a witch and that she doesn't get involved in other people business
and that she sit and observe quietly and pray when she's not working." This woman is now known as
the go to person if you need prayer. Because of this woman being different from what was
considered normal she was labeled. According to the lecture for this week, "The challenge for us is
to find ways to bridge the gap between groups. To do so, we have to develop certain skills and
abilities. The first is to examine our own views of others, be they part of the minority or the majority
group, a different social class, or a different gender." (Bell, 2007).
As a manager one would have to examine their views and cultural biases before trying to implement
cultural literacy to their employees. Once managers and professionals become culturally literate then
the cultural bridges at work can be formed. This can happen by

Cultural Differences In American Culture
On the topic of culture, ethnocentrism should be mindful as it refer to culturally biased judgement of
an individual's perspective of their own culture is superiors than another (Levines 2001). This is not
to be confused with racism as to be an ethnocentric often relates to how we individuals view another
culture from our own. For example it is considered norm in China for fellow co–workers to ask each
other's how much they earned whereas in European country it is considered rude and inappropriate.
Through the discussion in culture forum 1, I have noticed each personal view on the topic 'culture'
were quite varied from one and another. For instance, many individuals' posts regarding to culture
were associated with mostly tangible action, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a long time, houses in remote Indigenous communities have been provided with the standard
housing and planning which do not necessarily suit their cultural and climatic need. This has led to a
socially dysfunctional built environment due to the disregard of cultural and climatic differences of
the Indigenous communities (Lee & Morris 2005).
For an example, Indigenous communities have tendency of large and inconsistent of family
members and dwellers living in the same house hold. Consequently overcrowding can be
problematic because of not enough sleeping areas, toilets and bathrooms. Thus, the standard size of
bedrooms cannot accommodate the large amount of people therefore many people sleep in areas that
are designed for sleeping, such as under verandas and living rooms (Fien et al. 2008).
This course has highlighted the importance of professional practice within built environment. The
lecture by Petra Nisi proposed that consultation is important in the process of professionalism.
According to Lee and Morris (2005) stated the current consultation and the limitation from the time
constraint and the use of methodologies are suited for conventional rather than cross–cultural. This
has cause housing situation in remote indigenous communities to be dysfunctional in terms of

Cultural Differences in Self-Efficacy
Cultural Differences in Self–Efficacy
Introduction Bandura (1997) defined self–efficacy as "beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and
execute courses of action required to produce given attainments" (p. 3). Self–efficacy refers to the
judgments of what one can do with whatever skills one possesses rather than the judgments of the
skills themselves. In self–efficacy theory, people evaluate their skills and abilities and convert their
beliefs about their capabilities into purposive action (Bandura, 1997). As people enact their self–
efficacy beliefs, they demonstrate a degree of control over (a) the activities they choose to pursue,
(b) the persistence they display in the pursuit of goals, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Measures Most previous studies dealing with self–efficacy used self–report measures. However,
self–report measures may have problem when applied to two different groups of people using
different languages. For this reason, cross–cultural psychologists suggested to use indirect measures
(Biernat, Manis, & Nelson, 1991). In this study, indirect self–efficacy measures will be used by
comparing subject's actual scores to their predicted scores on a cognitive ability task.
Instrument; Cognitive Ability Task The short form of the Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM;
Raven, Raven, & Court, 1991) developed by Bors and Stokes (1998) was used to test cognitive
ability. As Bors and Stokes (1998) reviewed, APM is one of the best measures of general
intelligence and cognitive ability, and is considered a culture–free test because it requires minimal
language skills. The short form APM has proven psychometric properties (Bors & Stokes, 1998).
The test consists of 12 items, which are puzzles with missing pieces of figures for participants to
solve. One correct solution counted for one point, and a perfect test score was 12.
Procedure
20 subjects will be assigned to each group of condition, so 80 subjects are needed for each source of
self–efficacy condition; total = 80 x 4 = 320. See table 1 for details. The subjects in each group will
be asked to perform the APM task. After the task, they will be asked to predict their scores on it. The

Cultural Differences And Cultural Diversity
In this study, the data being gathered was analyzed. The data was taken from the survey tests from
81 participants. Since there were a total of 81, 47 were males representing roughly 58% of the
respondents, and the remaining over 40% were female. Those participants were drawn from various
ethnicities that would include Asian, Black American, White Caucasian, and American Indian.
According to Brunner (2005), he confirmed that "subjects of any studies that would relate to cultural
differences and cultural diversity would include those people who belonged to their ethnic origins"
(p. 28). Consequently, those participants were equally drawn from different countries in the world to
participate in the study (p. 28). A majority of the respondents could speak English and Arabic, which
represented 74.39% and 75.61% of language proficiency respectively. It revealed in the study that
Korean was the least spoken language among respondents at 1.22%. In fact, the age range that most
participants fell under was between 18 and 24 years followed by 25 – 30 years, which was
amounting to 48.78% and 39.02% respectively.
Based on the study, when they were asked, which degree they wanted to complete at WMU, they
replied mostly to Bachelor's Degree. That was the choice for most participants representing 56.10%.
On the other hand, 1.22% of the participants did not choose any education programs offered at the
campus and opted for other specific reasons for their purpose in joining the institution.

The Miles Between Cultural Differences
Everyone has a different way of life, whether it be by the way you talk, dress, or eat. Or maybe how
you dance, sing, and perform. These aspects of everyday life is called culture. Everybody in the
world has a culture, but not all cultures are the same from person to person. In the book, The Miles
Between, a group of teens, who attend a boarding school, have a different way of life than I do.
Even though there is many differences between our cultures, there are still some similarities peeping
through all the differences. One of the most important parts of culture, I believe, is who influenced
you to grow your culture, and who influenced you to act the way you act. Therefore, family is a big
part in controlling your culture. If you are Destiny Faraday, the main character of The Miles
Between, you do not have a family, or anybody to rely on. No mother, father, sister, nor brother,
nobody to raise her into the way she is, and to help her create her culture. Destiny witnessed her
parents and her brother Gavin die in a plane crash at the age of seven. That was a very traumatic
incident she had to witness at such a young age, "my parents and Gavin are dead" (Pearson, 230).
The quote was her telling her friends that her parents are no longer alive. This is a large difference
because I still have my parents, and they have raised me my whole life, which has a big affect on
how my culture is developed and experienced. What my parents eat, has influenced what I eat. What
music my

Cultural Differences And The Impact On The Communication...
Cultural Differences and The Impact On The Communication Process
Alberts, Martin and Nakayama (2011) describe communication as " a transactional process in which
people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in in specific
contexts, influenced by individual and societal forces and embedded in culture."(p.7) They then go
on to state that intercultural communication "occurs in interactions between people who are
culturally different."(p.122) Cultural differences thus affect many interactions, with the
communication process being one.
The movie that I studied was Django Unchained. It follows a German bounty hunter, Dr. King
Schultz and his recently acquired free slave, Django as they go across America in search of bounties.
They then set out to find and free Django's wife, Broomhilda von Schaft from the evil clutches of
her owner, Calvin Candie. It is set in 1858 in the Deep South, with preliminary scenes in Old West
Texas.
The major role players within this film are Dr. King Schultz and Django. Like sugar and salt, they
are two opposites when they first meet. You have Schultz, a well–spoken German bounty hunter
who possess a superior control over his dialect and one who abides by the socially accepted etiquette
with regard to the purchasing of Django, albeit his methods to procure a conversation with him
highly questionable. On the other hand, you have Django, a beat up African American slave who
displays minimal education and command for

Cultural Differences : The Benefits Of Intercultural...
BENEFIT OF INTECULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS In life, most of people have a variety of
intercultural relationships. It has different categories of age, physical ability, gender, ethnicity, class,
religion, race, and nationality. This intercultural relationship can get in school and work place. We
can meet variant differences with them. But for feel comfortable with the people that differ from us,
we need lot of time for socialization. For example, Susie was dating with a guy. Susie had a middle–
class Mexican cultural background that was very family–oriented. Her parents always care about
decision in life, such as, school and boyfriend. However, Susie's boyfriend rises in a family of an
Asian mother and German father who were not intimately involved in his activities. According to
this example, Susie and her boyfriend have different of family background. However that can occur
in intercultural relationship. Susie can accept that and does tolerance to the unsimilarity. This is the
other example of Maria's case. She has a sister who married Jay, who is Jewish. Maria's parent had
difficulty accepting Jay at first. But, they became more accepting, especially after the grandchildren
were born. In this example, it shows that intercultural relationship can happen in much kind of
cultural differences. The key to accept this relationship is an interesting balance differences and
similarities. However lot of benefits that can we get from this relationships. These are learning about
the

Cultural Differences in India
Running Head: Cultural Differences in India
India is a unique country. Home to close to a billion people, it boasts a rich cultural history spanning
over 4 millennia. India's vast geographical coverage features all kinds of different terrain; from the
cold, magnificent peaks and valleys of Kashmir to the hot, barren lands of Jacobabad. With such
terrain comes a culture so vast that it is almost impossible to define. India possesses an array of
different races, languages, religions and customs (Bryman & Hardy, 2009).
It is said that almost all of the world's most popular religions are found in India, which can be
further separated into different sects. Across the country, almost 400 different languages are spoken
including Hindi, Tamil, Bengali, Urdu, Kashmiri, Marathi, Sanskrit and English. It should be worth
noting here that a vast majority of these languages also have their own scripts and literature. In
terms of racial diversity, again India claims to be home to many races such as the Mongolians,
Arabs, Afghans, Sakas and the Kushanas as well as the various different jungle tribes spread across
the country. Thus, communicating across these cultures can always lead to misunderstandings and
friction between different groups.
One must realize that where all these different races, religions, languages and customs must co–
exist, there shall always be cross–cultural disputes, territory wars and a battle for

Cultural Differences Between Surena And Nortena
To any outsider, Surena and Nortena girls seem to be one and the same. Without an understanding of
the minute and significant differences between each distinct group of girls, it is easy to group them
together, for the sake of simplicity. Indeed, many polling organization underestimate the differences
between different sects of latina girls and often come up confused on why their predictions were
wrong. However, with differences come similarities. Each group of girls belong to the same ethnic
group, more or less. This means, that despite their territorial differences, similarities can be found.
Individually, all the girls are different in one way shape or form. Their various upbringings and
home lives impact their outlooks and mannerisms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
T–Rex, who is a very vocal advocate for the virtues of Nortena culture, did admitt that "...both
groups have the same idea" and that they are all "...truly mexican till the day (we) die (Mendoza–
Denton, 111)." When Nortenas and Surenas are viewed through the lens of only mexican girls, the
differences between the two groups seem insurmountable. However, when Nortena and Surena girls
are compared with other ethnic groups, such as caucasian and asian girls, their differences seem
smaller. This isn't to undermine the differences of each group, rather the girls have no choice. The
world that many mexican girls live in is stacked against them. English as a Second Language classes
do not count towards college requirements, many girls have family members who are in the states
undocumented, and outside of their high school and immediate community, many latinxs face harsh
racial stereotypes. Nortena and Surena ideologies may attempt to overcome these barriers different,
but as a whole each group is working towards a better life. While Nortena girls would often call
Surena girls "wetbacks" or tell them to go back to Mexico, they didn't tolerate other non mexican
doing the same. The obstacles that Nortena and Surena girls faced created a sense of sameness, an
understanding that both groups faced the same discrimination, that helped maintain the overall
California–Mexican

Cultural Differences Argument Analysis
Cultural Ethical Relativism is a theory that is used to explain differences among cultures, and thus
their moral codes. According to cultural relativists, different cultures have different moral codes, and
there is no objective truth in ethics. They believe there is no independent standard that can be used
to judge one's custom as better than another's. In his article entitled "The Challenge of Cultural
Relativism," James Rachels offers his argument against the theory of Cultural Relativism by proving
the Cultural Differences Argument is unsound and invalid. Further in his article, Rachels reasons
against the claims made by cultural relativists, and he argues there are common values shared by all
cultures and there exists an independent standard ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the Cultural Relativism is correct, then each culture will have total freedom in which its people
can do whatever they want within their society because what is right is determined by the moral
code of that society, and we cannot judge them since there is no independent standard that can be
used to judge one's custom. For example, in the late 19th century in the Southern United States,
despite the passages of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment had abolished slavery and made African
Americans citizens, the majority of White Americans still perceived the Negroes as inferior. Within
the society in the South, the culture determined it was right that whites were superior over blacks
and American Whites could do whatever they pleased to the African Americans. Consequently, the
violent actions White Americans had committed against the Negroes, such as murdering, lynching
and preventing blacks to vote, were culturally acceptable in the South. If the Cultural Ethical
Relativism is right, then what these whites had done is justified as correct and they did not commit
any moral mistakes since their culture permitted such a

Cultural Differences Between Australia And New Zealand
Australia and New Zealand are modern, busy, and multicultural countries. Although Australia and
New Zealand are close to each other on the map they are similar in many ways, they are also many
differences. This essay will tell the similarities and differences that can be pointed out between these
two countries that are located in the Pacific.
Australia and New Zealand are similar in a lot of ways. To start off they are similar in their first
language, both countries speak English as a first language and both have their original languages as
well. The second point of similarities is ethnic groups. For example, both are multicultural countries
and both have the European group as the major group of the populations. The last topic is the major

Eskimo's Argument: The Cultural Differences
The first section of the reading merely summed up that morals vary differently from culture to
culture. Some cultures believe in one thing, and other cultures believe in another. Also, it would not
be very realistic to believe that all cultures could share the same ethical ideas. Cultural relativists
have five claims that are independent. Furthermore, if one culture enters the society of another
culture, technically they should abide to the other culture's norms. The Cultural Differences
Argument, argues that cultures have different moral values, and that neither culture is necessarily
right or wrong for what the society believes in. However, the argument proved to be invalid because
it provides a conclusion that may not be true. Unfortunately, the ideals of cultural relativism ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It turns out that the Eskimo's views were not that different from our own. Infanticide was the
Eskimo's absolute last resort and they only went through with it if it was best for their society.
Ultimately, across the board of all cultures and societies there are some mutual beliefs. The mutual
beliefs are in prohibiting lying and murdering. Unfortunately, societies have good and bad beliefs.
One of the bad ones being excision– female genital mutilation– which some West African cultures
believe in. However, it is hard to criticize other cultures beliefs, because those cultures may not
agree with some of our own beliefs. The five claims of cultural relativism help to show the
differences of beliefs among societies. Furthermore, it shows that the fifth point is embellished.
Humans should not be tolerant of everything– some societies do some horrible things, such as
female genital mutilation. Lastly, cultural relativism shows that each society does not technically
have rational moral standards. Our beliefs may not even be the truth, they just may seem like the
truth because they came from our

Cultural Differences Of Online Learning
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN ONLINE LEARNING
Sehar Sheikh
333 Beverly Rd.
Hoffman Estates, 60169 ssheikh6@mail.depaul.edu ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study is to investigate on cultural differences in online learning experience and
how courses should be designed by instructors to accommodate for students with cultural barrier for
successful transition. Geert Hofstede, a Dutch cultural anthropologist, analyzed cultures along five
dimensions of power, self, gender, predictability, and time. His theory was applied on interviews
conducted on 5 Pakistani female students and 5 American female students to understand the cultural
shock that has impacted their progress in university. Results were analyzed and compared to
Hofstede's cultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hofstede's cultural dimension claims individuals from eastern societies are high on uncertainty
avoidance and are worried about their future. It is always a challenge but they tend to be adaptable.
Teachers are using techniques such as videoconferences, screen sharing, online conferences, web–
based guides, or images to help their students enhance skills in whatever subject that interest them.
Giving practical advice on putting together effective courses and programs help individuals
comprehend material better than a messy outline that is hard to follow [2]. It is essential to provide a
structural course work to the students who will be using online courses to implement the virtual
learning in real life through activities, homework, exam, and assessments. However, modern
communication has allowed design and development but concerns regarding cultural dimensions are
still problematic. The current research recommends that international virtual learners felt alienated
from American learners in an interactive online environment. Understanding the key concepts of
Hofseted's cultural dimensions theory fill out the gap and provides a cross–cultural communication
framework to effectively create an equal environment for both eastern and western societies. See
Figure 1
HOFSTEDE'S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
Figure 1: The diagram illustrates 5 cultural dimension of Hofstede's Cultural dimensions theory.
Hofstede's

Cultural Differences and People Management
Name of studentAssignment TitleModule code/titleStaff nameDue date | :
::: DawnWilliams: 6 November 2012 | Ha Luong HangCultural Differences and People
ManagementBIBU602 |
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
What do you understand by the term 'national culture'? And why do you think that French (2010:44)
argues that 'Culture remains a core concept both for students of business and managers in work
organisations'?
Abstract: The aim of this essay explains my knowledge and understanding about the term 'national
culture' and introduces the differences mentioned by the theorists such as, Hofstede, Trompenaars in
the study as well as analyses a content that both business students and organisational managers in
work should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More specifically, the power–distance index people will be lower in countries or organizations
where common people enjoy democracy like in the UK, German and will be higher in countries or
organizations with dictatorship like in like North Korea. Individualism versus collectivism is "The
degree to which individuals are integrated into groups". On the individual side, there were societies
where ties among members are loose and very selfish, when they only take care of themselves and
their families. On the contrary, there were societies where people with high collectivism are often
cohesive and integrated into group. Masculinity versus femininity is "the distribution of emotional
roles between genders". Masculine cultures tend to be paternalistic, for example in some Asian
countries men often have more power in families. But in more advanced societies, both men and
women are equal with men and have chances the make decisions. Uncertainty avoidance means "a
society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity". When long and short term orientation first time is
called "Confucian dynamism and it describes society's time horizon". Besides, it can be seen that
Trompenaar, a management consultant also has some definitions and evaluations about national
culture and gives some dimensions of culture. According to him, there are seven dimensions of
culture; two more dimensions than Hofstede does. It encompassed

Difference Between Feminism And Cultural Relativist
Cultural Relativist and Feminist Critiques of International Human Rights – Friends or Foes? By
Oonagh Reitman journal is clearly explicate the idea of how relativism and feminism assessed that
human right that we have and used nowadays is no longer relevance. This journal explicate about
the difference idea between feminist and cultural relativist towards human right even though both
agreed that human rights need to reconstruct and there are several point that human rights is still
lacking. However, these two perspective also have several similarities even though sometimes they
are still very different in terms of approaches strategies. The fact that feminist and cultural relativist
have several similarities lead into the corporate possibilities, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Feminist is focusing on a group of women, while cultural relativist focusing on a group of people
that have the same cultural background or cultural value.
Even though the author provides a possible approach that can be used so both feminist and cultural
relativist would be able to work together. Personally I do not think that it would be able to happen
because both are so different. It is true that both have several similarities in seeing how human right
should be, however this similarities have a different base or goals, which lead me to conclude that
feminist and cultural relativist is not a friend.
Feminist would protect the women no matter what happen, even though it means that it could
violate cultural value. Cultural relativist would be okay with harming a female or woman as long as
they would not violating cultural value. Then again, if they start working together to reconstruct
human rights, it will not be fair for cultural relativist because the feminist defender is all over the
world, they will think it is okay to violating cultural law as long as women get their right. There is
not any which one is better than the other, it is just their idea is so different which make me believe
that there will not be any possibilities for these two to

Cultural Difference: Hofstede Framework
Culture, in my own opinion, is a unique system of values and norms that are believed by a group of
people who live in the same society. Since culture is unique, Geert Hofstede tried to study the
differences. After the study, he proposed five dimensions to measure the cultural difference between
nations. The following parts will explain Hofstede Framework briefly. The first dimension is Power
Distance. It is a tool to measure the power difference between levels in organization. In a group with
high power distance, the majority of people would tend to respect in authority and establish
hierarchy. When observing their behavior, they would have a great esteem on the class of social
level. By contrary, a society with a low power distance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, management can change the culture easily in this situation. However, in the low–index nation, it
will not only hard to build up, but also hard to break down the culture as they emphasize to view
themselves as equal with equal, especially to rebuild. Therefore, management should follow these
three advices when they change to culture. Firstly, form a discuss group and invite staff to show
their views and concern before decision making. Secondly, try to use more statistics to seek their
support within the discussion. The most important is the management must keep the eyes on the
behaviors and emotion of the staff the change started. If the negative reaction was found, the
management should stop the change and review. If the management follows it, it is easy to change
the culture. The second angle is Individualism vs. Collectivism. As the said before, the society
would have strong group concept if there is Collectivism. On the other hand, they would emphasize
the self–benefit when they prefer Individualism. For this, the main focus should be "Benefit", there
are two different reactions when they meet the change of culture. In the Individualism society,
"Self–Benefit" is their main focus. If changing the culture will bring the "Self–Benefit", they will
support the change. Then, Culture is something easy to build up and break down. However, if

The Miles Between Cultural Differences
Everyone has a different way of life, whether it is by the way you talk, dress, or eat. Or maybe how
you dance, sing, and perform. These aspects of everyday life are called culture. Everybody in the
world has a culture, but not all cultures are the same from person to person. In the book, The Miles
Between, a group of teens, who attend a boarding school, have a different way of life than I do.
Even though there are bounteous differences between our cultures, there are still some similarities
peeping through all the differences. One of the utmost important parts of culture, I believe, is who
influenced you to grow your culture, and who influenced you to act the way you act. Therefore,
family is an immense part of controlling your culture. If you are Destiny Faraday, the main character
of The Miles Between, you do not have a family, or anybody to rely on. No mother, father, sister, or
brother, nobody to raise her in the way she is, and to help her create her culture. Destiny witnessed
her parents and her brother Gavin die in a plane crash at the age of seven. That was a very traumatic
incident, she was driven to witness at such a young age, "my parents and Gavin are dead" (Pearson,
230). The quote was her telling her friends that her parents are no longer alive. This is a large
difference because I still have my parents, and they have raised me my whole life, which has a
colossal effect on how my culture is developed and experienced. What my parents eat, has
influenced what

Cultural Differences Between Modern Day North And South
Changes occur in every region of the globe; every minute, every second. Most individuals generally
do not approve of changes. It entices fear, mistrust, isolation, and even pain. In my youth, I liked
change. Changes were something to look forward to, it was fun to meet new individuals and an
enjoyable way to see new places. It was useful to learn new skills and live experiences. So at the age
of fifteen, my mother told me we were headed for America. No attention was given to these words,
because I was a teenager who thought that the state of Texas would be quite similar to Toronto, but
never could I fathom that this would completely change my perception of the world. These
Challenges have led me to understand the different cultures between the north and south, not to
believe in stereotypes, and made me adaptable.
I can't even begin to explain the massive cultural differences between modern–day north and south.
Most people assume only climate and slang are the major difference in the two, however they could
not be more wrong. Especially between Toronto and Wichita Falls, Texas. It may sound obvious but
there are geographical differences. For one, in the north we have more clear and fast rivers, and we
almost always have a bay. While in the south, the soil is agriculturally more fertile, so in essence we
see more farms and large areas of land. Also, there is an incredible difference in population
difference between Wichita Falls and Toronto, which is easily amongst the biggest

Cultural Differences In Health Care
While existing in a different cultural may not directly define a level of health status, the
intrapersonal differences within the culture could be considered important (Biddle, 2010). With
some cultures holding levels of connection to the land, this may cause certain communities to
seclude themselves to a particular area, which effects the level of accessibility to health services.
There are also apparent gaps between cultures in terms of employment, as the workplace is
predominantly originated out of non–indigenous culture. A lack of employment existing under
indigenous cultures leads to less resources for the individuals to maintain health (Biddle, 2010).
Though rural culture does not exclusively refer to indigenous populations, these populations

Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication...
When examining my own cultural identity it has occurred to me that many of the things that define
my own cultural identity are that of Majority groups, however it would seem that I have just as
many if not more Minority group identity factors shaping me ever so slightly within the majority
boundaries.
For example at first look I am a Married male with a predominantly Anglo–Saxon heritage.
However upon close inspection one can begin to notice the red hues within my complexion these are
subtle hints to a much less dominant cultural history.
Many members of one side of my family strongly identify with our Native American heritage; as a
result I spent many years as a young man learning that culture. Later in life when I was around 12 or
13 I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication Challenges
My interviewee I chose was a man I initially met in the workplace and come to find out our kids
ended up going to school together. Our relationship had been an interesting one from the start when
we first met he decided to share some of his religious identity to me.
Our book defines religious identity as a sense of belonging to a religious group (Martin &
Nakayama, 2011). Oddly enough we were on lunch break at work and I was hungry that day he
approached me and commented on how my chicken smelt good. I had noticed over the past week or
so he had not eaten lunch at all so I offered him some of my chicken.
He politely declined and explained to me that he was practicing Ramadan and that he only at late at
night and early before the sun came up. At first being somewhat ignorant of religion I asked why he
explained it was something that followers of Islam do. In a business article it is explained that in
Dubai visitors are expected to practice in the same fasting ritual or face punishment including fines
and jail time (McGinley, 2011). While laws can vary by country there are some exemptions to the
fasting requirements and often include conditions such as menstruation, illness, older age,
pregnancy, and breast–feeding (El–Zibdeh, 2009).
While I know that fasting is common in many Native American cultures to obtain higher levels of
spirituality. I do not believe it was commonly

Cultural Differences In Prison Subculture
Prison subculture, prison subculture describes the customs, beliefs, attitudes, values and lifestyles of
the prison inmates. Why do inmates have to learn Prisonization which is when a new inmate has to
adapt to a new way of life, which also involves learning the prison code which is the set of norms, or
the expected behavior of the inmates. Why can't a new prison inmate live how they want to live?
What is prison argot and why is it so important to know what it is in prison?
What is prisonization? Prisonization is being socialized into the prison culture. Inmates have to
adapt and learn the prison life. Without prisonization an inmate would not be able to survive in
prison. It is basically a cheat code for prison. Because in life there is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They should remain free of depression and anxiety. They are to also stay to themselves. Mind there
business and not to argue with other inmates. If an inmate is in another's business is like a female
who gossips. It means that you are feminine or you have female characteristics. They fundamental
key in prison is respect. It represents an inmate's sense of masculine standing in the prison culture. If
an inmate is disrespected they have to avenge that disrespect or be considered weak. (inmate
subcultures and informal organizations, n.d.) It is mandatory for an inmate to avenge disrespect
because if they do not then no one will respect them. If one can get away with it then all the inmates
will believe they can. If an inmate does not avenge disrespect then they will be considered weak and
inmates will question if the inmate can handle prison. The obsession with respect is particularly
among African American gang members in prison. (inmate subcultures and informal organizations,
n.d.)Street smart inmates are the ones who can easily get over other inmates. Which means they are
using people for some type of benefit or manipulating others into doing something for them. Popular
studies show that prison subculture comes from the pains of imprisonment. It's basically developing
in a world living without. Inmates face deprivation and lack of multiple things. Like privacy,
personal space, autonomy, basic goods, everyday services and close relationships with

Cultural Differences Paper
Cultural Differences Paper
Jessica Fuentes
COM 360
September 10, 2014
Mary Wardlaw
There are cultural differences within all the communities that make up the world, we are constantly
surrounded and reminded of these other cultures. In this paper cultural differences will be discussed
from the film "Why Did I Get Married?" which is an African–American movie about the hardships
one goes through in marriage, friendships, and trust. This paper is going to give specific examples of
Hall's perspective of culture on the screen and Hofstede's five dimensions that are reflected in a
particular pattern. Examples of both verbal and non verbal intercultural communication and how
they relate to particular intercultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This movie is targeted for African–American culture, so a lot of the language, slang, and stereotypes
were evident in this film and so there wasn't much explanation, it is simply something that is just
known as it unfolds in the movie. If someone is watching this movie and they are Asian they might
not understand much of what goes on in the movie, especially if they are unaware of the African–
American culture. An example would be when the girls of the group go shopping and they are in a
store looking at lingerie and shawls made for winter weather, the shopkeeper came up to them and
simply said "we don't keep cash in the store" now of course one of the ladies went a little crazy
because she realized that she had said that because of their skin color. Hofstede's five dimensions of
culture are power distance, individualism v collectivism, masculinity v femininity, uncertainty
avoidance, and long–term v short–term time orientation. In the film the five dimensions are present,
in the dimension of power distance it clear with the powerful positions that all the characters have
within their professional lives. The way they live and own lavish houses leads to believe that they
don't believe they are equals to everyone else because of their status. Most of the couples demand
respect and expect not to be question in their motives, which is a higher power context. Next is
individualism versus collectivism, in

The Hofstede Model Of Cultural Differences
Communication is one of the most important aspects of our lives. It is a process that ties us together
and helps us to get most of our work done. Communication plays a big role in transmitting cultural
values from one generation to the next. Communication can be categorized as two; verbal and non
verbal. In a multiracial country such as Malaysia good communication can be considered as a savior
to keep everyone united. Being a multiracial country, it shows the existence of cultural diversity in
Malaysia. Cultural diversity often leads to society's biggest challenge.
For this paper, a comparison between my culture; the Indian culture; specifically the Hindu culture
and the culture of the largest ethnic group in Malaysia; the Malay ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Malay is the largest ethnic group in Malaysia and Malay language is their mother tongue. Malay
language is Malaysia's official language.
Before we go deeper into the communication aspect, let us analyse the general cultural values from
these two major ethnic in Malaysia. The Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions can be a great use
when it comes to analyzing cultures. Hofstede basically treats all Malaysian cultures equally.
However, as based on the Hofstede Model of Cultural Dimensions, to compare both the Malaysian
Malay and Indian cultures, both of these cultures actually falls under the high–context culture.
High–context communication involves emotions and close relationships while low–context
interactions use the logical part of the brain and are less personal. However, this does not mean these
two cultures are equally the same with one another as there are similarities and differences between
these two cultures.
As there are many aspects of cultures that can be studied and described about the two cultures, only
few major aspects of cultural values will be discussed in this paper. One of the major cultural values
that can be compared between the two cultures is the Malays rank honesty as first on their list of
cultural values whereas the Indians find family as the important aspect in their cultural values.
In terms of marriage and weddings, there is a pure mix of cultures within the Hindu and the Malay
weddings, which are

Cultural Differences In Culture And Business
Although we may not notice it, differences in culture affect our everyday lives including business. In
the business world, it is inevitable that you will cross paths with people of differ from you.
Understanding these differences can play a major factor to being successful in business. Improving
your level of knowledge of international cultural difference in business can help in building
international skills as well as empowering you to increase competitive advantage. Hofstede's theory
allows for statistical comparison of cultures through various studies. His extensive work gives an
insight of the culture and how its impacts business strategies of members of that society. Hofstede
studied and categorized cultures into 5 different sections; Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism,
Long–term orientation, Masculinity and Power index. There are always a few generally clear signs
you should notice that shows how a country cultural and business are created. Hofstede's study
results show vast differences between the United States and Japan's culture and business. A clear
majority of Americas population is made up and individuals who have fled their countries to explore
new options in a new land.
Uncertainty avoidance is a society's acceptance for ambiguity; it ultimately refers to an individual's
pursuit for happiness. Many of the newly rich Americans wealth comes from the risk they were
willing to take to find a path to personal success. Many ignore norms our ancestors were taught

Cultural Differences
The Theory of Cultural Differences
The theory of cultural differences revolves around 7 concepts, Individual and Collective Orientation,
High– and Low–Context Cultures, Power distance, Masculine and Feminine Cultures, High–
Ambiguity–Tolerant and Low–Ambiguity–Tolerant Cultures, Long– and Short–Term Orientation,
and Indulgence and restraints.
Individual Cultures Revolves around the Belief that one must watch out for themselves as Individual
cultures have the High values of self, such as getting a new promotion and not caring for the other,
or Winning boxing match. Collectivist cultures Share the belief that team work is more important
than just one individual. Collective cultures show that they work better in a group such as,
excavating in search of fossils as a team, or Sparring during boxing training to improve each other's
skills.
High Context Culture Use body language, Clothing items which one my wear, and emotions into the
equation of communication. Meaning that High context cultures express more human
communication that is not verbal or written. Low context cultures use less visuals and are more
direct by saying what they mean in a situation. For example, someone writing someone a letter or an
email, as these forms of communication involve no physical contact and only express on what is
written or typed.
High Power distance culture is a form hierarchy where people are ranked from the strongest and
most powerful being on the top and the weakest and least powerful being at the bottom. An example
is the military or in family household. Low power distance culture prefer equality over pyramid type
culture. An example of low power distance culture is being part of a club where there is no
competition and everybody is equal for example an alcoholic anonymous meet.
Masculine culture traits are perceived to be alpha, dominance, High testosterone, Strong, and Burt
Reynolds. An example of Masculine culture is when a business measures success by the company's
profits. Feminine culture promotes, relationships time over money and rewards based on equality
than equity. An example of a feminine culture is having only a part time job to have more time for
your hobbies or family.
High Ambiguity culture are more confident

Does Globalization Diminish Cultural Differences
Giorgia Frizzi, 23rd July 2010
''Globalization, Localization, Glocalization''
Research Paper.
Does globalization weaken cultural diversity or does it foster it?
Effects of Globalization in Cultural differentiation
1. Introduction.
As some of us may know, the term "globalize" started being used in the modern times. However
globalization as an idea has been brought up since even before the 1500's when people started
forming connections between communities, and therefore creating forms of communication,
migration and such between these. And it is probably from these examples that in the modern era we
came to call it Globalization which is known for being a process of integration between cultures,
societies, economies, etc. Nonetheless, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Webster's Third New International Dictionary (Gove, 2000) defines culture as the "total pattern of
human behavior and its products embodied in speech, action, and artifacts and dependent upon
man's capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations." I believe that
nowadays culture is no longer perceived as some sort of knowledge system we got from our
ancestors. Indeed many anthropologists and socialists now perceive culture as the ideas, attributes
and expectations that change as people react to changing situations. Indeed, in the 21st century ,
technology has increased the velocity of social change. For instance the internet and fast
communication in general are pretty much destroying cultural boundaries and they are creating the
possibility of a global culture. In these regards McLuhan (1962: p.31) coined the term "global
village" in the 60s referring to the globalization of media. McLuhan shows how the world has turned
into a village thanks to electric technology that brings all social functions together and makes us all
more aware of our global responsibility. On the other hand it has been considerably argued that
globalization might instead foster cultural diversity and give more space to local cultures. Roland
Robertson suggests by using the term 'Glocalization', that 'locality' and with it cultural diversity may
be strengthened thanks to globalization. More specifically he describes for instance the process of a

Cultural Differences And Cultural Beliefs In The United...
In the United States, a baby is born every 12 seconds and an immigrant moves to the States every 33
seconds, yet we sometimes get caught up in our own community and do not realize how many
differences we have with, not only people in the United States, but also the people living right in our
communities. After sitting down and getting to interview a fellow classmate about their cultural
experiences, it was very surprising to me how different someone's upbringing can be from my own.
Julia gave me an amazing interview, she and I have very similar upbringings, but we are very
different in some of our cultural beliefs. Julia Kemp differs from my cultural beliefs in our look on
politics, our family traditions, our involvement based on gender, and our religious beliefs. One of
the differences I discovered early on was our political belief.
Growing up, I was from North Topeka and was exposed to a very conservative community, so
naturally that is where my beliefs fell. My parents also had a huge influence on my beliefs
politically, considering they were both raised republican. My dad made it a point to teach me about
politics and to explain to me why he believed what he did. Some things that I believe very strongly
in are limited government and the lowering of taxes to promote companies to make more jobs for
individuals. I have also always aligned with Pro–Life beliefs from not only my political beliefs but
also my religious beliefs. Julia however has a very different outlook. Julia

Cultural Differences In Two Kinds And Catch The Moon
Stories are the same in many ways, although, one reads them for their differences and the
differences are what matters. The two short stories, "Two Kinds" and "Catch the Moon" are polar
opposites and exactly the same simultaneously. Their cultures are extremely different but those
differences are what make the theme for the stories, which is to overcome a struggle in life you have
to be devoted to overcoming it, applicable the same way
The short story "Catch the Moon" has a theme that is impacted by its surroundings and cultural
setting. "Catch the Moon" is about a boy named Louis who goes through the tragedy along with his
father of his mother dying. He then starts becoming a delinquent, however after seeing a girl, he was
devoted to impress ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cultural difference in the story is probably the largest contrast of the stories. In "Two Kinds" the
mother out of tradition is strict with her daughter making her do things that she thinks are the best
for her, while on the other hand in "Catch the Moon" the father lets his son do as he pleases but still
wishes the best for him. Culture wise the stories are opposite however on the side of theme they
share many similarities. Louis from "Catch the Moon" was trying to persevere on and move forward
with life after his mother died, on the other hand the daughter from "Two Kinds" was also trying to
move on and do different things and succeed, they aren't identical however they share similar
qualities such as being able to persevere through hard times. Each of their cultures also impacted the
theme in the same way, while one story was laid back and the other way strict and harsh they still in
the end came of with similar points to be put across. Each story compared shows that people from
different worlds can have the same problems and be impacted by events the same way as others
from other places can

Cultural Differences In The Krasniqi Family
There were many cultural diffrences within this case that had a significant impact on the outcome of
the family. One cultural difference that had a significant role in this case would be the language
barrier. Mr. and Mrs. Krasniqi Sam and Kathy are both from Kosovo wich is a region in Albania.
Mr. Krasniqi moved to Chicago in 1963 when he was 30 years old. In 1979 Mr. Krasniqi went back
to Albania to marry his wife Kathy. They both later moved that year back to Chicago. The only
language spoken in the Krasniqi household was Albanian. According to the Dallas Observer report
Mr. and Mrs. Krasniqi grasp of the English language was very poor, and was limited to what they
needed to run their pizza parlors(dalla). When later questioned Mr. Krasniqi

Key Cultural Differences Paper
Key Cultural Differences Between the United States and Japan
A variety of key cultural differences shape the behaviors and attitudes within both the United States
and Japan. Key cultural differences as defined by the Hofstede model, such an individualistic
society versus a collective society, short term orientation versus long term orientation, as well as
direct communication style versus indirect communication style. This paper will focus on the key
cultural difference within business communication styles of both. Then, it will conclude with
analyzing any adjustments that would need to be made in order to conduct business in Japan.
The United States scores very high on independent, individualistic, and masculine dimensions as
defined by psychologist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When planning to do business with the Japanese being prepared, as well as understanding their
business culture and etiquette is a key (Commisceo, 2016). The Japanese are very formal in most
everything they do, specifically in business. Business greetings, business meetings, seating
arrangements, to the exchanging of gifts and business cards are all based on tradition and rituals. A
high value of importance is placed on these formal cultural behaviors.
Americans tend to be more casual when conducting business, particularly with informal greetings
and other business customs. In American business culture, everyone comes to the table as an equal,
no matter what your title may be. On the other hand, the Japanese are always conscious of
leadership hierarchy and act accordingly in social and business settings, according to Geert–
Hofstede (n.d). Barrett (2014) suggests, "the difference in how power and equality are viewed
culturally leads to tremendous difference... in how individuals interact with each other on a daily
basis."

Cross Cultural Communication And Cultural Differences

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