Tajah Williams Comment by LT: Above your name here, you need to put the title of your paper. Comment by LT: You need to include a running head above—see the Purdue OWL APA site for help. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html Albertus Magnus School College Professor L. Tronsky PY-325-1 Exp. Meth.& Research Design 12-2-2019 Introduction Comment by LT: Rather than putting “Introduction” here, you need to put the title of your paper. This is a practical experiment that seeks to determine if people can be influenced by a sign and change their routine behaviors. Buck (2019) conducted a sign-influencing behavior study among concerning gender roles and found out that men are more willing to help a woman who appears to be attractive than women would helpare. Yoder, Hogue, Newman, Metz, and LaVigne et al. (2002) also conducted an experiment on door holding among genders, and it emerged that there was a strong pattern of male holding doors for female during dating and not in real every-day life. This displayed a behavioral subtlety among men because they are sexually attracted to womenthe female. Nettle, Nott, & and Bateson (2012) decided to put a sign up to scare away the ever- increasing bicycle theft in the community. The findings were that it was extremely cheap and simple to put a sign stating that there was a surveillance watching the bicycle thieves even when it was not actually there because it greatly led to the reduced theft of bicycles within the locations. This was a benefit that resulted from the engagement of psychology of the thieves to think that they were being watched when they were not. Comment by LT: Your paper should be doubled spaced. Comment by LT: When you are reviewing previous research, you need to include a bit more detail than you have. You should mention the purpose, participants, very briefly describe the methods, and then present the results/conclusions. Ford & Torok (2008) evaluated whether a signage would influence the behavior of the people to use the stairway instead of an elevator. The findings of the authors were that the sign motivating people to use the stairway led to an 18.6% increase in the use of stairway. Larsen (1974) came up withcreated a study of conformity in the Asch experiment to demonstrate the tendency of people to conform to when exposed to social pressure of the unidentified majority. It emerged that people tend to conform to the majority pressure in the society because 64% of the participants conformed to what they deemed a majority pressure. Comment by LT: You need another paragraph that connects the previous research to why you decided to conduct your study (the rationale). Then, you need to (very) briefly provide an overview of your study, and finally, you need to provide your hypothesis (prediction) and why you are expecting those results. Method Participants Comment by LT: In this section you should summar.

1. Tajah Williams Comment by LT: Above your name here,
you need to put the title of your paper. Comment by LT: You
need to include a running head above—see the Purdue OWL
APA site for help.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa
_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Albertus Magnus School College
Professor L. Tronsky
PY-325-1
Exp. Meth.& Research Design
12-2-2019
Introduction Comment by LT: Rather than putting
“Introduction” here, you need to put the title of your paper.
This is a practical experiment that seeks to determine if people
can be influenced by a sign and change their routine behaviors.
Buck (2019) conducted a sign-influencing behavior study
among concerning gender roles and found out that men are more
willing to help a woman who appears to be attractive than

2. women would helpare. Yoder, Hogue, Newman, Metz, and
LaVigne et al. (2002) also conducted an experiment on door
holding among genders, and it emerged that there was a strong
pattern of male holding doors for female during dating and not
in real every-day life. This displayed a behavioral subtlety
among men because they are sexually attracted to womenthe
female. Nettle, Nott, & and Bateson (2012) decided to put a
sign up to scare away the ever- increasing bicycle theft in the
community. The findings were that it was extremely cheap and
simple to put a sign stating that there was a surveillance
watching the bicycle thieves even when it was not actually there
because it greatly led to the reduced theft of bicycles within the
locations. This was a benefit that resulted from the engagement
of psychology of the thieves to think that they were being
watched when they were not. Comment by LT: Your paper
should be doubled spaced. Comment by LT: When you are
reviewing previous research, you need to include a bit more
detail than you have. You should mention the purpose,
participants, very briefly describe the methods, and then present
the results/conclusions.
Ford & Torok (2008) evaluated whether a signage would
influence the behavior of the people to use the stairway instead
of an elevator. The findings of the authors were that the sign
motivating people to use the stairway led to an 18.6% increase
in the use of stairway. Larsen (1974) came up withcreated a
study of conformity in the Asch experiment to demonstrate the
tendency of people to conform to when exposed to social
pressure of the unidentified majority. It emerged that people
tend to conform to the majority pressure in the society because
64% of the participants conformed to what they deemed a
majority pressure. Comment by LT: You need another
paragraph that connects the previous research to why you
decided to conduct your study (the rationale). Then, you need
to (very) briefly provide an overview of your study, and finally,
you need to provide your hypothesis (prediction) and why you
are expecting those results.

3. Method
Participants Comment by LT: In this section you should
summarize where you observed, how many people you
observed in total, how many people you observed each day.
You also should explain how you decided which people you
should and should not observe (for example, when someone else
was holding the door for somebody).
Materials Comment by LT: In this section you need to describe
your sign (and include it in your appendix section at the end of
your paper) and explain how and why you decided to construct
it the way you did. Then, you should explain where you put the
signs and why you decided to put them in those particular
locations.
Procedure
I observed the entry door for more than an hour to see whether
people would pull the door or press the handicap button when
opening the door. There being no sign, almost everybody
pressed the handicap button and waited for the door to
electronically open. Only a handful individuals who were in a
hurry pulled the door to open. The participants were students,
visitors and teachers. During the second week, I placed a sign
on the door near the handicap button indicating that it was
meant for the handicap persons only and the others should pull
the door to open in order to save the cost of electricity. The sign
greatly influenced the behavioral change because many
participants actually pulled the door handle to open the door
instead of using the handicap button. Although there are a few
individuals who still used the handicap button, the pulling of
the door was about 96% as opposed to the previous results
without the sign where only 11% of the participants actually
pulled the door to open. After the signage was removed during
the third week, most people who had seen the sign there still
continued to pull the door handle, except for some visitors who
had no idea that such a sign had been there previously.
Comment by LT: You need to edit this section. Take out
any references to the data (percentages of people who pressed

4. the button) because that information belongs in your Results
section.
You should summarize these points:
What days and hours you decided to observe and why
Who did which observations
What the procedure was related to observing the different doors
(outside going in, middle going in, inside going out, and middle
going out).
You have much of the above information, but you need to edit it
and organize it into the three subsections (Participants,
Materials, and Procedures).
The experiment thus indicates that people are likely to conform
to a sign that is directly presented at the point of action and do
what they are told to do. The purpose of the study was to show
that a signage improves the behavioral response of people in the
society. However, it cannot be clear if people who began
pulling the door after the sign really wanted to save the
electricity cost or did not just want to be associated with
handicap when they are not actually handicapped.
Method
Randomly choose day to observe the entryway for 3 weeks of
the same hour to see how many participants press the handicap
button to enter or exit the building between 4:30-5:30 pm. Week
2, a sign was placed above the handicap buttons at the same
hour previously chosen on a day also randomly chosen. It was
observed for participants whom resort to pressing the handicap
button, as opposed to pulling or pushing the door open while
measuring the effects the sign had on those observed. Week 3
the sign was removed and observed participants on a random
day at the same time chosen previously to see the affects the
sign had on behavior. It was predicted the sign would have
significant effects on participant options to withhold from

5. utilizing the handicap button. This experiment served its
purpose by allowing researchers to observe and measure the
impact signage has on behaviors.
References
Buck, J. L. (2019). Beauty is in the eEye of the dDoor oOpener:
A Study of Chivalry and Female Attractiveness. University
of Central Oklahoma.
Ford, M. A., & Torok, D. (2008). Motivational signage
increases physical activity on a college campus. Journal of
American College Health, 57(2), 242-244.
Larsen, K. S. (1974). Conformity in the Asch experiment. The
Jjournal of Ssocial
Ppsychology, 94(2), 303-304.
Nettle, D., Nott, K., & Bateson, M. (2012). ‘Cycle thieves, we
are watching you’: Impact of a simple signage intervention
against bicycle theft. PloS one, 7(12), e51738.
Yoder, J. D., Hogue, M., Newman, R., Metz, L., & LaVigne, T.
(2002). Exploring moderators of gGender dDifferences:
Contextual dDifferences in dDoor‐hHoliding bBehavior
1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(8), 1682-1686.
Tajah Williams Comment by LT: You need to include a

6. running head above—see the Purdue OWL APA site for help.
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa
_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html Comment by
LT: Above your name here, you need to put the title of your
paper.
Albertus Magnus School College
Professor L. Tronsky
PY-325-1
Exp. Meth.& Research Design
12-2-2019
Introduction Comment by LT: Rather than putting
“Introduction” here, you need to put the title of your paper.
This is a practical experiment that seeks to determine if people
can be influenced by a sign and change their routine behaviors.
Buck (2019) conducted a sign-influencing behavior study
among concerning gender roles and found out that men are more
willing to help a woman who appears to be attractive than
women would helpare. Yoder, Hogue, Newman, Metz, and
LaVigne et al. (2002) also conducted an experiment on door
holding among genders, and it emerged that there was a strong
pattern of male holding doors for female during dating and not
in real every-day life. This displayed a behavioral subtlety
among men because they are sexually attracted to womenthe
female. Nettle, Nott, & and Bateson (2012) decided to put a
sign up to scare away the ever- increasing bicycle theft in the

7. community. The findings were that it was extremely cheap and
simple to put a sign stating that there was a surveillance
watching the bicycle thieves even when it was not actually there
because it greatly led to the reduced theft of bicycles within the
locations. This was a benefit that resulted from the engagement
of psychology of the thieves to think that they were being
watched when they were not. Comment by LT: Your paper
should be doubled spaced. Comment by LT: When you are
reviewing previous research, you need to include a bit more
detail than you have. You should mention the purpose,
participants, very briefly describe the methods, and then present
the results/conclusions.
Ford & Torok (2008) evaluated whether a signage would
influence the behavior of the people to use the stairway instead
of an elevator. The findings of the authors were that the sign
motivating people to use the stairway led to an 18.6% increase
in the use of stairway. Larsen (1974) came up withcreated a
study of conformity in the Asch experiment to demonstrate the
tendency of people to conform to when exposed to social
pressure of the unidentified majority. It emerged that people
tend to conform to the majority pressure in the society because
64% of the participants conformed to what they deemed a
majority pressure. Comment by LT: You need another
paragraph that connects the previous research to why you
decided to conduct your study (the rationale). Then, you need
to (very) briefly provide an overview of your study, and finally,
you need to provide your hypothesis (prediction) and why you
are expecting those results.
Method
Participants Comment by LT: In this section you should
summarize where you observed, how many people you
observed in total, how many people you observed each day.
You also should explain how you decided which people you
should and should not observe (for example, when someone else
was holding the door for somebody).
Materials Comment by LT: In this section you need to describe

8. your sign (and include it in your appendix section at the end of
your paper) and explain how and why you decided to construct
it the way you did. Then, you should explain where you put the
signs and why you decided to put them in those particular
locations.
Procedure
I observed the entry door for more than an hour to see whether
people would pull the door or press the handicap button when
opening the door. There being no sign, almost everybody
pressed the handicap button and waited for the door to
electronically open. Only a handful individuals who were in a
hurry pulled the door to open. The participants were students,
visitors and teachers. During the second week, I placed a sign
on the door near the handicap button indicating that it was
meant for the handicap persons only and the others should pull
the door to open in order to save the cost of electricity. The sign
greatly influenced the behavioral change because many
participants actually pulled the door handle to open the door
instead of using the handicap button. Although there are a few
individuals who still used the handicap button, the pulling of
the door was about 96% as opposed to the previous results
without the sign where only 11% of the participants actually
pulled the door to open. After the signage was removed during
the third week, most people who had seen the sign there still
continued to pull the door handle, except for some visitors who
had no idea that such a sign had been there previously.
Comment by LT: You need to edit this section. Take out
any references to the data (percentages of people who pressed
the button) because that information belongs in your Results
section.
You should summarize these points:
What days and hours you decided to observe and why
Who did which observations
What the procedure was related to observing the different doors
(outside going in, middle going in, inside going out, and middle

9. going out).
You have much of the above information, but you need to edit it
and organize it into the three subsections (Participants,
Materials, and Procedures).
The experiment thus indicates that people are likely to conform
to a sign that is directly presented at the point of action and do
what they are told to do. The purpose of the study was to show
that a signage improves the behavioral response of people in the
society. However, it cannot be clear if people who began
pulling the door after the sign really wanted to save the
electricity cost or did not just want to be associated with
handicap when they are not actually handicapped.
Method
Randomly choose day to observe the entryway for 3 weeks of
the same hour to see how many participants press the handicap
button to enter or exit the building between 4:30-5:30 pm. Week
2, a sign was placed above the handicap buttons at the same
hour previously chosen on a day also randomly chosen. It was
observed for participants whom resort to pressing the handicap
button, as opposed to pulling or pushing the door open while
measuring the effects the sign had on those observed. Week 3
the sign was removed and observed participants on a random
day at the same time chosen previously to see the affects the
sign had on behavior. It was predicted the sign would have
significant effects on participant options to withhold from
utilizing the handicap button. This experiment served its
purpose by allowing researchers to observe and measure the
impact signage has on behaviors.

10. References
Buck, J. L. (2019). Beauty is in the eEye of the dDoor oOpener:
A Study of Chivalry and Female Attractiveness. University
of Central Oklahoma.
Ford, M. A., & Torok, D. (2008). Motivational signage
increases physical activity on a college campus. Journal of
American College Health, 57(2), 242-244.
Larsen, K. S. (1974). Conformity in the Asch experiment. The
Jjournal of Ssocial
Ppsychology, 94(2), 303-304.
Nettle, D., Nott, K., & Bateson, M. (2012). ‘Cycle thieves, we
are watching you’: Impact of a simple signage intervention
against bicycle theft. PloS one, 7(12), e51738.
Yoder, J. D., Hogue, M., Newman, R., Metz, L., & LaVigne, T.
(2002). Exploring moderators of gGender dDifferences:
Contextual dDifferences in dDoor‐hHoliding bBehavior
1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(8), 1682-1686.
NEW FILE.
DATASET NAME DataSet1 WINDOW=FRONT.
WEIGHT BY frequancy.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=sign BY button
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES

11. /STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Notes
Output Created
Comments
Input Active Dataset
Filter
Weight
Split File
N of Rows in Working Data
File
Missing Value Handling Definition of Missing
Cases Used
Syntax
Resources Processor Time
Elapsed Time
Dimensions Requested

12. Cells Available
11-DEC-2019 19:55:07
DataSet1
<none>
frequancy
<none>
6
User-defined missing
values are treated as
missing.
Statistics for each table
are based on all the cases
with valid data in the
specified range(s) for all
variables in each table.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=sign BY button
/FORMAT=AVALUE
TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
00:00:00.02
00:00:00.02

13. 2
524245
[DataSet1]
Page 1
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
sign * button 366 100.0% 0 0.0% 366 100.0%
sign * button Crosstabulation
CountCountCount
button
Totalno yes
sign Absent
Present
Total
186 69 255

14. 75 36 111
261 105 366
CountCount
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymptotic
Significance (2-
sided)
Exact Sig. (2-
sided)
Exact Sig. (1-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctionb
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
N of Valid Cases
1.092a 1 .296
.845 1 .358

15. 1.077 1 .299
.316 .179
366
0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 31.84.a.
Computed only for a 2x2 tableb.
Page 2
LogCrosstabsTitleNotesActive DatasetCase Processing
Summarysign * button CrosstabulationChi-Square Tests