The anthroposcene

1. Sarah Sesi and Andriana
Papacheimona
C5 2nd Experimental Junior High
School of Athens Teacher : Dimitra
Dertili

2. Fossil Fuels are energy sources that have
been created millions of years ago. Due to the
fact that fossil fuels take so long to be created,
they are thought to be nonrenewable .
http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-fossil-fuels-definition-
advantages-disadvantages.html

3. Coal
Oil
Natural gas
http://www.slideshare.net/
frousm1/fossil-fuels-
power-point-4169565

4. Coal is a rock that is considered a nonrenewable
energy source,which includes high amounts of
carbon and hydrocarbons. It takes millions of years
to be created.
Oil is a thick, black liquid that is discovered way
down in the ground and it is also called petroleum.
Natural gas is hydrocarbon gas which consists of
methane, amounts of other higher alkanes and a
small percent of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen
sulfide, or helium.
http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm/index.cfm?page=coal_home
http://www.kidzworld.com/article/1423-fossil-fuel-energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas

5. How coal is formed?
Before the dinosaurs, an amount of plants died.
The plants were buried under the ground(water, dirt) during
millions of years.
Dead plants were transformed into coal due to pressure
and heat.

6. http://openhighschoolcourses.org/pluginfile.php/7075/mod_page/conten
t/1/Week_11_Resources/Coal_Formation.png

7. How petroleum and natural gas are formed?
Million of years ago organisms such as sea plants and
animals were buried in sand.
Remaining buried under the sand, plants and animals were
transformed into petroleum and natural gas because of
heat and pressure.

8. https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/e0132cb9-3660-4ec1-800c-
9e4da58f8383/320fd8109ea9b321ea7c597b3405d01a.jpg

9. Early History of Coal
The history of coal starts at 3490 BC in China. There, the
coal was mined and used for household of reasons.
In the Middle Ages, smithies and breweries were supplied
by coal. In the 1400s when the fire bricks were created,
coal became widespread.
https://www.justenergysolar.com/blog/the-history-of-
fossil-fuels/

10. The Industrial Revolution
Due to the popularity of coal, this fossil fuel is becoming rare
on Earth.
Coal mines were created but they were filled with water as the
coal was dug out from the earth.
Thomas Newcomen invented a steam engine in 1712 that dug
the water out of the mines.
The steam engine was developed by adding a condenser.
James Watt was the creator of this idea which was
materialized. In this way, power and cost-efficiency were
improved.
The creation of this engine started the Industrial Revolution.
https://www.justenergysolar.com/blog/the-history-of-
fossil-fuels/

11. Early use of oil
• It was used as a fire weapon.
• It was used as a material in order to coat the walls and
cover boat hulls.
• It was also used by Native Americans for magic, painting
and medicine.
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/petroleum
-history-development-petroleum.html

12. Modern History of Oil
• Europeans extracted oil from holes in the ground.
• It first appeared on shale in the 19th century.
• In 1815, petroleum lamps were created in Prague.
• Modern petroleum industry started in 1859 by E.L. Drake who
extracted oil from a producing well in Pennsylvania.
• Kerosene was the chief final product which replaced oil lamps
and candles (kerosene lamps).
• Until then petroleum was used only for lamps but then was
exploited for the gasoline engine and its use on automobiles,
trucks and airplanes.
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/petroleum-history-
development-petroleum.html

13. Early History of Natural Gas
• In 1000 B.C., the famous Oracle of Delphi was built
where natural gas was drilled from the ground.
• In 500 B.C., the Chinese began to drill natural gas with
bamboo ‘’pipelines’’ in order to transport it to the surface
and transform sea water to drinkable water.
http://www.apga.org/apga.org/apgamainsite/aboutus/facts/history-of-
natural-gas

14. Modern History of Natural gas
• Natural gas was discovered in America by French explorers in 1626.
• Natural gas went first on sale in Britain.
• In 1785, the British used natural gas that was produced from coal for
lighting.
• In 1821, William Hart exploited the first successful natural gas well in
New York.
• Fredonia Gas Light Company was the first natural gas company.
• In 1885, Robert Bunsen invented the Bunsen burner which opened the
road of natural gas.
• In the 20th century, when appropriate pipelines were created, natural
gas was used for home heating, cooking, manufacturing and processing
plants, and boilers for electricity.
http://www.apga.org/apga.org/apgamainsite/aboutus/facts/history-of-
natural-gas

15. • Solar energy: It is virtually an inexhaustible supply of energy
because it comes from the sun and therefore it can be used
any time for as long as we wish.
• Nuclear energy: By using this source of energy we decrease
the CO2 in the atmosphere but we emit radioactive gases that
contribute to the Greenhouse Effect.
• Wind energy: It is plentiful, renewable and widely distributed. It
does not produce any greenhouse gas emissions during
operation.
http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/The_Future_of_Power.a
spx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power

16. • Geothermal energy: The heat that the earth contains in
its interior can be used to produce electrical energy. It is
cheap and can last for million of years.
• Oceanic Energy: Huge amounts of energy are contained
in oceans and water currents. We use oceanic energy to
produce electrical energy.
http://www.dieselserviceandsupply.com/The_Future_of_Po
wer.aspx

18. The most important advantages are:
• They are very easy to find and they are not expensive
• They generate vast amounts of electricity in just a
location
• They are very cost effective (a perfect example is coal)
• They are easy to store
• They produce large amount of energy due to their high
calorific value
• They are easy to transport
http://occupytheory.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
fossil-fuels/

19. The disadvantages of fossil fuels are due to the fact that they
cause some of the most important environmental issues that
earth experiences today. Those are:
• The Greenhouse Effect
• Global Warming
• Acid Rain
• The hole in the ozone layer
• The pollution of the atmosphere
http://www.conserve-energy-
future.com/advantages_fossilfuels.php

22. • Technology is a body of knowledge and is devoted to
creating tools, processing actions and the extraction of
materials.
• Although technology has a different meaning for each
one of us the most common definition is the one above.
http://www.useoftechnology.com/what-is-technology/

23. • From the Industrial Age, we have moved to an
Information Age.
• Information age: the information age has been proven
helpful for all the small businesses that can now be part
of the competitive markets. During the Industrial Age this
was impossible.
http://www.useoftechnology.com/what-is-technology/

24. • Assistive technology
• Communication technology
• Construction technology
• Medical technology
• Entertainment technology

25. • Anywhere/anytime access on the Internet
• In this way, businesses have invented web applications in
order to please consumers.
• The Internet is personal in an impersonal setting
• Social Networks have made communication and connections
easier. For instance , face–to-face conversations are an
example of the development of technology. Today, we don’t
need to travel in order to interact with people in other areas,
countries etc.
• Free access to information. Moreover, technology is
permeating in all areas.
http://www.discovertec.com/blog/the-evolution-of-technology/

26. • 3D Printing
• Watermill, which converts air into fresh water (Jonathan
Ritchey).
• Vein Identification, similar to fingerprint identification. This
technology innovation identifies vein patterns, which are
unique to everyone.
• Shoes that tie themselves.
• The Artificial Pancreas/MiniMed 670 G system/algorithm
• The No-Touch Thermometer
http://www.inventor-strategies.com/Latest-technology-
inventions.html
http://time.com/4572079/best-inventions-2016/

30. • Smart devices such as smartphones and tablets will be
developed. For example, these devices will share data
with each other without human involvement.
• People and companies will use cloud services for
communication.
• People and businesses will store data online instead of
on a single memory in one device.
http://www.discovertec.com/blog/the-evolution-of-
technology/

31. • Active contact lenses
• Immortality and body sharing
• Video tattoos
• Augmented reality
• Exoskeletons
• Active skin
• Smart Yoghurt
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-
science/technology/10-hi-tech-inventions-well-using-
1451863

34. Advantages
• Development of communication –communication tools, media
• Anytime/anywhere access to information
• Improved lifestyle
• Improved entertainment and access to it
• Social Networking – easier communication and connections –
Development in businesses
• Development in education – Interactive whiteboards, computers
• Travelling is easier
• Improvements in medication
• Improvements in businesses – Increasing production
• Innovation, creativity and imagination
http://www.ubiwhere.com/en/news/2015/05/25/technology-advantages-
and-disadvantages/#.WLMVIzPQBoM

35. Disadvantages
• Job loss/unemployment –Machines replacing humans
• Manufacture of guns and weapons – Increasing Wars
• Human loneliness-Addiction-Isolation
• Dependency only on technological tools- Reduction of
creativity, imagination and intelligence
http://www.ubiwhere.com/en/news/2015/05/25/technology-
advantages-and-disadvantages/#.WLMVIzPQBoM

36. Although technology is a useful servant we must
be careful because it can become a dangerous
master.

37. • Google images