Submission Id a4067a7f-7103-4a7e-b9a1-88b9598eaf0243 SIM.docx

Submission Id: a4067a7f-7103-4a7e-b9a1-88b9598eaf02
43% SIMILARITY SCORE 8 CITATION ITEMS 12
GRAMMAR ISSUES
Int ernet Source 14%
Inst it ut ion 29%
Nanah Kamara
StatisticsInhealthcare (1).docx
Summary
Healt h St at ist ics
Tit le: Healt h St at ist ics
Name: Nanah Kamara
Inst it ut e: GCU
Dat e: 06/09/2019
Describe t he applicat ion of st at ist ics in healt h care.
Specifically discuss it s
significance t o qualit y, safet y, healt h promot ion, and
leadership.
In healt hcare, we use st at ist ics in an effort t o improve healt

hcare and keep pat ient s
safe. Healt h St at ist ics provide informat ion for underst
anding, monit oring, improving
and planning t he use of resources t o improve t he lives of
people, provide services and
promot e t heir well-being. St at ist ics are used in healt hcare
for research, qualit y
improvement , inequalit ies in healt hcare, risk analysis, invent
ory management and cost ,
resource ut ilizat ion, pat ient lengt h of st ay, pat ient sat
isfact ion, clinical t rials,
morbidit y and mort alit y, effect s of new t reat ment s,
measuring change, laborat ory
analysis, educat ion, and much more.
We are using st at ist ics in an effort t o improve healt hcare
and keep pat ient s safe.
Healt h St at ist ics basically provide informat ion for underst
anding, monit oring,
improving and planning t he use of resources t o improve t he
lives of people, provide
services and promot e t heir well-being.
In healt h care, st at ist ics is used t o “ident ify pat ient care t
rends using dat a, and

increase t he abilit y t o creat e and ut ilize evidence-based
pract ice”. There are several
major uses of healt h st at ist ics. Healt h st at ist ics helps creat
e fundament al knowledge
about t he healt h of populat ions; it provides informat ion t o
guide healt h policy
anyon University 1…
development , assessment , and evaluat ion.
St at ist ics have been ut ilized in healt hcare since at least t he
19t h cent ury. Florence
Night ingale used a st at ist ical approach t o decrease t he mort
alit y rat e of Brit ish
t roops in Crimea. She was an innovat or in t he collect ion, t
abulat ion, int erpret at ion, and
graphical display of descript ive st at ist ics and her met iculous
records were a key t o
present day st at ist ical qualit y measurement (Sheingold&
Hahn, 2014). Clara Bart on

applied t he same analysis in t he Unit ed St at es during t he
Civil War. Louis Past eur
applied st at ist ics in his research of microbes and t he germ t
heory t o creat e penicillin.
This evidence led t o t he wide-scale adopt ion led t o t he
development of
past eurizat ion.
Influenza Pandemic is t he worst out break of disease in U.S.
hist ory (1918) and in t his
fift y million world’s populat ion was killed. During t he
Influenza Pandemic, Dr. Blue’s
qualit y t ools were, mandat ory medical exams for all
immigrant s ent ering t he count ry,
communicat ion in t he form of weekly newslet t ers t hat cont
ained informat ion about
t he lat est out breaks, and t he result s of influenza research
conduct ed at t he Hygienic
Laborat ory which cont inues t o exist t oday (Sheingold &
Hahn, 2014).The medical
records kept during t he 1918 influenza pandemic serve t o
inform how we should
respond t o a similar widespread out break of biological disease,
and provide dat a on
t he long t erm effect s of t he flu on pregnant woman.

Consider your organizat ion or specialt y area and how you ut
ilize st at ist ical knowledge.
Discuss how you obt ain st at ist ical dat a, how st at ist ical
knowledge is used in day-t o-
day operat ions and how you apply it or use it in decision
making.
It is import ant for a person working in healt hcare t o underst
and st at ist ical concept
because t his helps t o underst and t he number and t he
frequency of t he healt h
out comes as well as t he number of cases.
It provides insight of healt h condit ion of t he healt hcare
organizat ion t o improve t he
disparit ies as well as st rengt hening t he pat ient 's healt h.
For example, t he st at ist ical dat a obt ained regarding t he
admission of t he pat ient s
and t he number of days t he pat ient s t ook t ime t o get cured.
This reveals t he
progressive work of t he healt hcare organizat ion. It reduces t
he risk of medical errors
as well as increases t he efficacy of t he t reat ment . Medical St
at ist ics is a sub
discipline of St at ist ics and it can provide a way of organizing

informat ion. An
underst anding of st at ist ics is essent ial if t he numerous
report s and document s
issued wit hin t he healt hcare indust ry are t o be scrut inized
and considered in a crit ical
manner. There has been an increase in t he development of
research-based and
evidence-based pract ice (EBP) in healt hcare over t he last t
wo decades. Medical
St at ist ics also known as Biost at ist ics and t he underst
anding of st at ist ics and it s
analysis can helps healt hcare personnel t o make sense of t he
research st udies t hat
underpin EBP and enables pract it ioners t o undert ake st udies
of t heir own. Healt h care
pract ices not based on research and not assessed, not
planned, and not evaluat ed t o
see if it makes a difference in pat ient care, leads t o unsafe
pract ices and pat ient
harm (Scot t &Mazhindu, 2014).
In t he operat ing room, we use st at ist ical dat a t o evaluat e
pat ient care such as t hat
relat ed t o pat ient posit ioning pressure injuries. St at ist ics
are also used t o develop

qualit y measures or met rics relat ed t o surgical on-t ime st art
s, operat ing room
t urnover t imes, surgeon block ut ilizat ion, case cancellat ions
day of surgery, and
pat ient t hrough-put t imes. Ot her applicat ions of st at ist ics
in t he operat ing room are
st affing plans, cost per case, mat erials management and
resource allocat ion. This
dat a is used for best pract ices in pat ient care, operat ing
room efficiency, and value-
based healt hcare pract ices wit hin t he hospit al.
Reference:
· Sheingold, B. H., Hahn, J. A. (2014). The hist ory of healt
hcare qualit y: The first 100
-history-of-hea…

-maki...
years 1860-1960. Int ernat ional Journal of Africa Nursing
Sciences.Vol. 1.Pages 18 – 22.
DOI:
· Scot t , I. &Mazhindu, D. (2014).St at ist ics for Healt hcare
Professionals: An
Int roduct ion. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publicat ions,
Lt d.
· Nat ional Healt hcare Qualit y Report . Rockville, MD:
Agency for Healt hcare Research
and Qualit y; 2006.

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT PLAN2
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT PLAN15
Business Intelligence Development Plan
Connie Farris
Colorado Technical University
Business Intelligence
(IT415-1902B-01)
Donald Wilcoxen
06/05/2019
Running head: BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT
PLAN1
Business Intelligence Development Plan
Table of Contents
Business Intelligence Justification3
Description of Company Environment3
Decision Making4
Business Performance Plan9
Differences between Requirements Gathering at Micro and
Macro Levels9
Variables for Measuring Business Performance10
Formulating a Business Performance Plan11

Business Performance Methodologies14
Employee Appraisal14
360 Degree Feedback15
Customer Satisfaction Surveys16
Continuous Creation of Value17
Data Classification and Visualization Assessment19
Introduction19
Structured and Unstructured Data Essential to Medical Needs19
Structured and Unstructured Data Needed to Support Key
Performance Indicators21
Methods and Tools for Visualization of Structured and
Unstructured Data23
Conclusion23
Data-Mining Methods and Processes TBD24
References:26
Business Intelligence JustificationDescription of Company
Environment
Medical Needs is a company located in Tennessee, with
locations in Nashville and Memphis. This is a company that
manufactures many different medical devices. They have been
in business for over a year now. Project administrators in the
medical device industry have confronted the need to decide the
fitting condition for a given item for a long time now. (Molded
Devices Inc, 2016) In making the assurance, inquiries to
consider incorporate the inquiry, does a cleanroom give
additional points of interest that would legitimize the cost of
structure and taking care of one? What are the rules including
cleanroom conditions? What things or methods deal with the
necessity for such a situation? (Molded Devices Inc, 2016)
This company has built up a controlled situation and proper
specifications for temperature, cleaning, and pollution controls
set up. For instance, filters ought to be supplanted per plan or as
required dependent on planned examinations. Any practices or
factors from the accompanying rundown that the producer has
considered proper and chosen to utilize ought to be determined
and routinely performed or pursued. (Molded Devices Inc,

2016) Utilizing a controlled domain as opposed to a cleanroom
regularly likens to noteworthy cost funds amid introductory
development and in arranged, intermittent upkeep. The essential
explanation behind structure a cleanroom is to represent future
monetary contemplations. (Molded Devices Inc, 2016)Decision
Making
The success of a business lies in a number of factors that are
determined by the contributions of the stakeholders that make
up the business. Among these factors are the decisions made
and the processes followed when making these decisions and
when solving problems. Companies are kept running with
progressive decisions that aim at picking the choices that have
the best interests of the companies. As such, proper guidelines
have to be followed and suitable circumstances have to be in
place in order to make the right decisions that ensure the
progressivity of the company. In the event that these criteria are
not achieved, then problems may arise that hinder the decision-
making process.
In the organization from the case study, production managers
have to make a decision between a clean room and a controlled
environment with the goal of determining the most appropriate
production environment for a given product. From the company
description, several factors appear to exist that influenced the
manufacturer’s decision to establish a controlled environment
rather than a clean room. For a start, the company has been in
business for a fairly short period of time (just over a year) and
that duration may not appear to be enough to have gathered all
the necessary information to make the decision. Secondly, the
company’s decision was also influenced by the financial factor,
in which the company opted to go for the option that would be
cheaper to establish and maintain. A third problem that relates
to the decision that the company made is a fear of failure. This
problem arises from the possibility of taking a risk and having
negative results from taking the risk, which makes managers
weary of taking risks when making vital decisions with a future

positive objective. From the brief, it is certain that the benefits
from the choice of a clean room puts into dispute the legitimacy
its cost and maintenance. Besides from there being a financial
sufficiency question, the fear of failing after establishing a
clean room is also evident. Technology is another factor that
has relations with decision making. Its availability influences
the form that decisions made take. In terms of technology, a
clean room is more technologically advanced than a basic
controlled environment. Although they serve the same purpose,
in circumstances where one has the technology to run a clean
room, one would consider establishing a clean room rather than
a controlled environment. In the case study given, Medical
Needs chose to establish a controlled environment as opposed to
a clean room, an indication of the level of their technological
assets. The fifth issue relating to the organization is the lack of
effective decision-making processes. For many years,
production managers from that field have not entirely succeeded
in choosing an appropriate production environment, a factor that
can be realized from not having effective decision-making
processes. Ineffective decision-making processes can be
reflected by a lack of decision-making skills which result from
a lack of training.
The business pressure-responses-support model is a model that
indicates that the pressures brought about by business are
responded to and opportunities are taken advantage of. As
demonstrated through the model, support facilities are availed
to monitor the environment for opportunities and thus the
responses given become of higher quality. The business
pressure-responses-support model therefore is made up of three
major components: the business pressures, the responses to the
pressures and integrated computer support systems (Sharda,
2018). The responses to counter the business pressures include
measures such as adoption of new business models and use of
strategic planning techniques. These measures for instance are
appropriate for countering the fear of failure and the making of
decisions without enough information. Additionally, innovation

and creativity can be used as a measure to counter the problem
of failure. Also, using automated decision-making processes
such as Automated Decision Systems or ADS can help counter
the problem of a lack of effective decision-making processes
and that of a lack of training in decision making. In response to
capital unavailability and technological insufficiency, the model
offers the option of engaging in partnership collaborations.
In general, the responses to the business pressures are required
to be reactive, adaptive, anticipative and proactive measures.
These responses are valuable to a company in enabling the
company to keep up with competition and progress as a
company by making work easier and decisions more favorable.
One such response is automating some decision processes by
using automated decision systems or ADS. As explained by
(SlidePlayer, 2006), ADS is a system bound by rules that uses
intelligence to offer or recommend solutions to decisions that
have to be made repetitively. Thanks to the intelligence in the
system, business decisions are better made since the system
does a better job at calculating risk while adhering to the rules
governing business processes. Secondly, as earlier mentioned,
business collaborations are effective responses to the problem
of capital and technological insufficiency. This is because when
companies collaborate in their operations, they may realize
significant advantages in relation to cost reductions for
example. The companies can use common facilities in some
areas which would help them cost share instead of each having
an individual establishment. Also, the use of strategic planning
is valuable to decision making as it clarifies the direction in
which to take in order to achieve a set objective. Through
strategic planning, managers’ abilities are enhanced and in turn,
they take better control at managing resources relevant for the
survival of the organization (Gartenstein, 2018). Flexibility
within the organization is also vital as the company will better
handle transitions that are made for the wellbeing of the
company, such as transitions to better technology realized
through innovations, and e-commerce. By moving to platforms

such as e-commerce, the company improves its operations
through experiencing better communication, better data transfer
and easier marketing to name but a few. When such functions
are streamlined within a company, problems within the company
are easily solved.
Business intelligence is a process that converts data to business
wisdom. The transition from information to wisdom begins from
data to information, then to knowledge, and then to business
wisdom. Business intelligence uses a combination of techniques
such as data mining, data warehousing and decision support to
be able to make powerful management systems. These
techniques gather, manage, analyze and share information to
come up with hints that result to the making of wise and
informed decisions (Kopáčková & Škrobáčková, n.d.). Business
information can also be described as a tool made up of a set of
methods and concepts that use systems supported with facts to
improve the decision-making process. This kind of tool can
prove very important in a company such as Medical Needs.
Through business intelligence, stronger and more profitable
bonds can be created which can guide the company through its
participation in business alliances with partners. Since the
result is business wisdom, exploiting business intelligence in an
organization results to the making of wiser decisions which then
raise the odds of identifying valuable business opportunities.

Business Performance Plan Differences between Requirements
Gathering at Micro and Macro Levels
Any given organization is made up of various moving parts
working together for the achievement of the overall business
strategic goals. Requirements gathering is an important stage in
the business decision making process and takes all available
information to provide both an overall and in-depth look at the
company. A macro view will involve the former, taking a bigger
picture of an organization’s impact factors. These are quite easy
to see as their occurrence are a salient part of the company’s
operations. It could include a plateauing in sales over a given
period, a high staff turnover and so forth. They can also be
termed as patterns, which reveal themselves within the
organization. The macro approach to requirements gathering
simply provides an overview of the most important factors
affecting the organization at that point in time (Cokins, 2017).
The micro approach on the other hand is all about the minutiae,
digging deeper to provide details that explain the occurrence of
the macro results. Instead of the bigger picture, it is about the
exact causes to the smallest detail and fleshing them out as
much as possible. Where the macro will identify a high staff
turnover, the micro approach will attempt to find out the reason
it is happening. This approach could then uncover such details
as employees getting better offers from competitors, or an
unconducive work environment that drives employees to quit or
even a lack of vision within the leadership that makes the
employees feel lost in their mundane responsibilities. These are
aspects of operations that would not be readily identifiable

under a macro approach (Cokins, 2017).
Relation of Macro and Micro Requirements Gathering on
Business Performance Measurements
The macro and micro approaches play a vital part in measuring
business performance. In a performance methodology like
employee appraisal, it could be done in response to a high
employee performance that was identified under a macro
approach, with the appraisal being used as one of the ways to
determine the micro levels. Another performance methodology
is the continuous creation of value within the organization
which involves measure of return on investment, innovation and
opportunity, all three of which are leveraged to propel the
business forward. These three value creation methodologies
begin on macro level, through the gathering of information,
either to implement them or gauge their success. However, they
only become effective under a micro approach that identifies
either the reasons of failure or success (Bianchi, 2016).
As such, the macro and micro approaches can be used either to
facilitate business performance methodologies, or they can
become essential parts of these methodologies. Either way, an
organization cannot simply rely on single approach. A focus on
the macro risks the management losing out on important details
needed for effective decision making while a focus on micro
risks resulting in stagnation as they rely on fixing small parts
instead of taking a holistic view to growth, which only happens
under a combination of both (Bianchi, 2016).Variables for
Measuring Business Performance
Business performance needs to be measured under a variety of
metrics. One of these is employee job satisfaction and
fulfillment. The employees of Medical Needs are key
stakeholders in its success, being tasked with doing the actual
work necessary for the goals of the company to be achieved. If
employees derive satisfaction and fulfillment from their
responsibilities, they are more likely to be more productive and
create value for the company and thus improve the performance
of the company. Measuring employee job satisfaction and

fulfilment can be done through periodic assessments as well as
providing an open-door policy for them to air their grievances
to management. Employees will be satisfied in an environment
where they are listened to, whether it is the challenges in their
work, ideas on how to improve the business and so forth.
Anonymous surveys could also be used to provide employees an
opportunity to be honest and forthcoming in their opinions
(Buckingham, & Goodall, 2015).
Another measure of business performance is customer
satisfaction, which can highlight the success of the business
based on the response of the customers to the company’s
products and services. Low customer satisfaction means less
business and hence low performance. Some of the ways to
measure the level of customer satisfaction will be through
retention of the customers for the long term and repeat
purchases. Another one way to look at it would be speed at
which the company is able to acquire new customers (Cokins,
2017).
Sales and profits are perhaps the most obvious signs for the
performance of a company like Medical Needs. Businesses exist
to make sales and derive profits from these sales, and these will
be the way to measure them as regards the performance of the
business. Higher sales might not necessarily lead to higher
profits, especially if the costs are high. All this information can
be had by simply looking over the company’s financials over a
given period of time (Buckingham, & Goodall,
2015).Formulating a Business Performance Plan
The first thing when formulating a business performance plan
will be to carry out a current situation analysis, which is an
evaluation of the present state of the company as pertains to its
products, capabilities, customers, both current and potential as
well as other factors such as competition, and overall market
situation. A common way to conduct a current situation analysis
is through identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats. This information will tell of the current health of the
company and help in formulating strategies for future success

(Cokins, 2017).
The next step is determining the planning horizon, which is the
timeline for the fulfilment of a company’s plan and successfully
moving to the next level. The planning horizon is different for
every organization, since a requirement for its determination is
to be realistic by taking into account uncertainty factors
especially in the external operating environment of the
company. With a higher degree of uncertainty, the company will
have a shorter planning horizon, while a longer one can be made
if the factors are favorable to the company (Cokins, 2017).
Another step in crafting a business performance plan is through
carrying out an environmental scan, which involves tracking
any emerging trends both within and outside of the company
that could have a potential impact on its performances. These
include the demographics, which will tell of potential customers
and talent pool. Another is the political and policy environment
where such issues as regulations and business enabling come
into play. Others include technology and the wider economy,
whether locally, regional or nationally. The set factors should
include both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the
environment (Buckingham, & Goodall, 2015).
The next step involves identifying the company’s critical
success factors, which are high level goals the company
absolutely needs to meet in order to be successful. These are
bound to change as the business progress and previous success
factors are achieved. Examples include growing the company’s
market share by leveraging on the existing customers, and the
alignment of incentives for employees with their roles in a bid
to boost their satisfaction (Cokins, 2017).
A gap analysis essentially involves identifying the current state
of the business and making comparison with the company’s
future goals. It helps in bringing forth any current shortcomings
in the business that need to be dealt with to achieve the desired
goal. The gap could be in finances, talent, or any other factor
needed to help the business reach its future objectives (Cokins,
2017).

A strategic vision is a collection of ideas that give a sense of
the company’s desired direction and the values needed towards
this direction. The strategic vision is meant to provide the
guiding principles of the company and a mantra for all of the
stakeholders involved. A business strategy involves identifying
the means by which a company will fulfill its vision, including
resources like finances and talent and areas where to allocate
the resources effectively and efficiently for maximum returns
and success. The strategic objectives and goals will include
improved sales for the Medical Needs products, acquiring the
right talent to drive growth, heightened engagement with
customers and embracing innovation (Buckingham, & Goodall,
2015).
Business Performance Methodologies
Performance methodologies provide organizations with the tools
to measure, report and manage the growth of their operations
and determine that need improvement. With these tools, the
company is in a much better position to implement its goals and
objectives by having a much clearer view into its operations
(Buckingham, & Goodall, 2015).Employee Appraisal
One of the first business performance methodologies to be
adopted will be employee appraisals. Just like any other

organization, Medical Needs is dependent on its employees to
ensure they are capable of effectively delivering on the business
goals of the organizations in a timely and quality manner. The
success of failure of project will as a result depend on how the
employees are approaching them. An employee appraisal
essentially evaluates the skills of the employees and ensures the
goals of the individual employee can be aligned with the goals
of the overall organization. They can be used to identify areas
of weaknesses on the skills of the employee and determine how
it can be corrected, which is mostly done via further training.
The key performance indicators for a successful employee
appraisal will need to point out what is expected of the
employee by the management of the company (Bianchi, 2016).
Employee appraisal right from the onset should be backed by
targets provided to the employee by the management. Whether
accomplished successfully or not will then become the basis for
determining the performance of the employees. A typical target
would be that of a sales representative of Medical Needs who
has been given a target of a thousand units of a given product to
be sold within a certain quarter. A later employee appraisal will
provide insight into whether they were able to meet this target,
and if not, determine the reasons and factors this never
happened. As a young company of a bit over a year of
operations, Medical Needs requires it sales team to make as
many sales as possible in a bid to familiarize the company to
the industry and establish a formidable foothold. The appraisal
will also determine whether the employee received the
appropriate tools and resources from the company to accomplish
their target. To determine the typical success of a sales
representative, different of them with the similar resources at
their disposal will measured up against each to understand the
points of deviation in their performances. Revenue per
employee is one way of determining the value of an employee to
an organization, and to Medical Needs this will be done through
evaluating the sale volumes of individual sales representative
(Bititci, 2015).360 Degree Feedback

Beyond simply conducting interviews with employees to
determine their performance, another way would be having
conversations with the people within that individual’s sphere of
influence. These are the people they meet with daily in the
course of their responsibilities. They will include supervisors,
fellow work colleagues and peers, direct reports if there are
any, suppliers and customers. While potentially tasking given
how such a circle might be huge, it nonetheless presents an
opportunity to have a nuanced view of an employee’s
performance while talking to the people who interact with them.
This methodology provides a holistic view of an employee’s
performance by representing actual on the ground information
that might otherwise not have come up within an interview
(Bianchi, 2016).
Key performance indicators under this methodology will include
how much time they spend collaborating with other employees,
the rating of service provided by the employee to customer and
the kind of relationships they have established with suppliers.
While it is normal that not all sales calls will go as smoothly as
expected, it still presents an issue that needs to be looked if an
employee has a higher rate of poor service than their colleagues.
This will be measured under number of complaints received The
development of a ratings system to be used by these various
individuals to measure the performance of an employee will be
useful in identifying important areas of improvement and
discovering the strengths and weaknesses of the employee
(Buckingham, & Goodall, 2015).Customer Satisfaction Surveys
Businesses exist to provide goods and services to their
customers and as such this is one area senior management can
decide whether the company’s policies are delivering the
desired results. As the recipients of the products and services,
customers are best placed to gauge the performance of the
company. This is information that is usually acquired through
surveys and in some instances through direct interviews. These
tend to be quite honest, with most customers ready to be
forthcoming as far as their experience with a given product or

service is concerned. They will provide honest feedback on
their experience with the products of Medical Needs, whether
they were excellent and commendable to other people or if they
were non-satisfactory. This information will be important in
making further developments and improvements on the products
(Bianchi, 2016).
For customer satisfaction, the key performance indicators will
include the number of recommended purchases being done on
the back of word of mouth from satisfied customers. A lower
number will mean the inverse or will indicate the customers are
agnostic towards the product whichever way. This would
therefore a ramping up in generating interest for the company’s
products. Another performance indicator will be that of
customer retention. The company provides a range of products
that encourage return sales and the building of a trusted
customer base. As such, a goal will be ensuring the existing
customers are maintained and provided with enough motivation
to make return purchases and continue doing so for as long as
possible. A typical customer retention period is meant to last
years, but given the company is a bit over a year old, the results
of this aspect of the indicator will be successful over years.
However, a short-term indicator will be the capability to retain
the existing customers for the foreseeable future. This could be
measured on a weekly or monthly basis and making evaluations
after every review period, taking note of whether there a dips or
surges, and possible reasons for either of them. Dips will
suggest a failure in a certain area that needs to be addressed,
while a surge will help in identifying and refining the correct
business strategies (Buckingham, & Goodall, 2015).Continuous
Creation of Value
Within the organization of Medical Needs, value can be created
in three main ways namely, return on investment, innovation
and opportunity. Return on investment (ROI) measures how
capable the organization is at leveraging its investments,
whether existing or newly made, to result in a maximum
possible level of returns. This also needs to happen while

maintaining a reasonable level in the total cost of ownership.
Innovation is useful in providing the company with a strategic
advantage over its competitors by leveraging on the investments
it makes in human resources, financial position and technology
infusion into the company. Finally, opportunity involves a clear
comprehension of available opportunities in the market and the
adeptness in leveraging the company’s assets to ensure the
potential for maximized revenue and profitability in the
organization. The success of this will also hinge on how well
the company’ talent can be directed towards making these
decisions and taking advantage of these opportunities (Bianchi,
2016).
Creating value in an organization provides for clear key
performance indicators, some of which might not be as readily
quantifiable as others. While it is possible to measure return on
investment or total cost of ownership for a given investment
made by the company within certain metrics, others like taking
advantage of business opportunities might not be so. This is for
the reason that it might not be readily as to which business
opportunities the company failed to get, and whether the
reasons were internal or external. However, business value
provides a quite holistic standard that is tied to the overall
health of the organization. As such, it only requires looking at
the overall growth trajectory of the company to understand how
much value is being created (Bititci, 2015).

Data Classification and Visualization Assessment
IntroductionMedical Needs is a medical equipment developer
with vast operations. The company’s data represents one of its
major assets, including such data as intellectual property,
patents as well as others that form part of everyday operations.
The latter includes employee and customer data, sales records,
financial accounts and inventory of its physical assets. The
company also generates data through social media and its
research and development efforts. The success of the company
depends on the methodical analysis of all this data to support
decision making and strategic planning for the company through
the insights provided. Structured and Unstructured Data
Essential to Medical NeedsStructured data is that which is
highly organized and presented in a format that makes it easily
searchable within a relational database. Being either human or
machine generated, structured data has a format that allows for
searches to be conducted, either through algorithms or via
human generated queries. The searches can be done using
among others, the field name or data types such as dates,
alphabetical or numerical values. Structured data can be stored
in relational databases and data warehouses as well.
Unstructured data on the other hand is not stored in a relational
database and is devoid of any organization or predefined
format, making it difficult to collect, analyze and search. This
too could be either human or machine generate data, with the
examples of the former including video, text, audio, social
media posts, mobile data, and productivity applications likes
Microsoft Office. Machine generated unstructured data include
digital surveillance media, scientific data like weather reports,
and sensor data for city-wide services. Unstructured data resides
in applications, and data warehouses (Gandomi, & Haider,
2015).Medical Needs would generate both structured and

unstructured data in its daily operations. For such an
organization, the structured would include such data as
employee and customer data which would entail names,
departments, addresses, financial details, and so forth. Others
would be its books of accounts which detail all of the
company’s financial transactions within a given period, hence
the presence of dates and even details of the users that made
such records. There are also sale information of the products
sold within a particular period, inventory of all of the
company’s assets and so forth. All these would be stored within
a relational database and be easily searchable through a query
placed by a user or via an algorithm (EMC Education Services,
2015).Medical Needs also produces unstructured data that is
vastly different from the structured data. The company’s
research and development (R&D) activities are responsible for
producing scientific data that would fall under unstructured
data. This would include product testing, prototypes and
finished products and others. Other unstructured data would
include the data from the digital surveillance infrastructure the
company has set up to provide physical security for its
premises. Others include the data from the mobile devices used
for official activities as well as those under the ‘bring your own
device’ (BYOD) policy. The company’s social media presence
is also falling under unstructured data, including Facebook,
Twitter and Youtube, all essential in helping the organization
direct its own messaging and information to the public
(Gandomi, & Haider, 2015).Structured and Unstructured Data
Needed to Support Key Performance IndicatorsThe key
performance indicators in an employee’s performance appraisal
would include among others, the sales made within a given
period, the amount of scientific research done and so forth.
Medical Needs is a company with employees in different
departments, each of them with their unique responsibilities. As
such, appraisals conducted for employee performance would
need to reflect their uniqueness of their responsibilities and use
the metrics relevant to them. The company’s sales

representative are appraised based on the sales they are able to
make within a given period of time, usually quarters. The data
collected from this would fall under structured data since it can
be searched within the company’s relational database. Another
employee managing the company’s social media accounts and
efforts will be appraised base on such things as traffic, user
engagement, posts made, quality of the posts and so forth. All
these would be generated unstructured that is much more
difficult to effectively analyze (Saaty, & Vargas, 2014).Another
key performance indicator measures an employee’s value by
seeking feedback from those they interact with in the course of
their daily work activities. It would include such data as how
much time they spend collaborating with their fellow
colleagues, feedback from customers and suppliers on their
interactions with the particular employees and so forth. The
company has an anonymous where employees, customers and
supplier can leave comments, or complaints they have over
interactions with a member of the company. The data contained
within this system can be classified under unstructured as it
lacks a predefined format that would make it
searchable.Customer satisfaction in a way will overlap with the
feedback key performance indicators on some aspects, but
nonetheless has its unique key performance indicators as well.
One of the main ways of assessing customer satisfaction is
whether they make return purchases and remain devoted
customers to the company. Since all sales are recorded, along
with details on the purchase that includes the name of the buyer,
this aspect of tracking customer satisfaction falls under
structured data (Saaty, & Vargas, 2014). A user can query the
system to find out about individual purchase histories of
different customers.Value creation within an organization is
achieved by evaluation of return on investment, innovation and
opportunity. Return on investment is evaluated by gauging
whether investments made resulted in higher returns on not.
Some of these can be done by looking at the cost of the
investment against the value of the products that have been

come forth from it. This can fall either under structured or
unstructured data depending on the nature of the returns. If it’s
financially, then this can be measured by looking at the
company’s accounts. On the other hand, the return on
investment cannot be readily quantifiable. Innovation for
Medical Needs mostly fall under it research and development
division that is responsible for coming up with new products for
the market. The data generated in the course of these activities
will fall under unstructured data, while other aspects as the
successful prototypes that are introduced to the market
successfully will fall under structured data (EMC Education
Services, 2015).Methods and Tools for Visualization of
Structured and Unstructured DataBetween structured and
unstructured data, the former, given its simplicity, has had the
bulk of visualization tools developed for its benefit. But there
are nonetheless still tools used to visualize all forms of data,
including unstructured data. Visualization tools need to provide
an easy and understandable of viewing data that provide the
needed information.Visualization tools for structured data
include graphs and charts, for simple visualizations. Other more
advanced tools for visualizing structured data include
infographics, spark lines and geographical maps. These have the
advantage of presenting a rich visualization with many different
features to bring forth the information more clearly. These can
be enhanced by adding audio and video aspects to the
visualization (Gandomi, & Haider, 2015).To successfully
visualize unstructured in its original form is difficult. For this
reason, many visualization tools for unstructured will first
create metadata, which is basically structured that will describe
the unstructured in a manner that is comprehensible. This
metadata will thereafter be fed into a visualization tool to
display. Tools for visualizing unstructured data this way include
word clouds and heat maps for social media data to correlation
matrices for more complex data (Gandomi, & Haider,
2015).ConclusionMore organizations are now having
unstructured forming a huge chunk of their data, hence the need

for the development of more tools that will make it easier to not
only collect and process it, but also analyze and visualize it as
well. The increased generation of unstructured is a by-product
of more organizations embracing new technologies in their
operations, and this is bound to slow down or change.
Data-Mining Methods and Processes TBD
References:
Bianchi, C. (2016). Dynamic performance management (Vol. 1).
Berlin: Springer.
Bititci, U. S. (2015). Managing business performance: The
science and the art.
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Buckingham, M., & Goodall, A. (2015). Reinventing

performance management. Harvard Business Review, 93(4), 40-
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Cokins, G. (2017). Strategic business management: From
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analytics: Discovering, analyzing, visualizing and presenting
data.
Gandomi, A., & Haider, M. (2015). Beyond the hype: Big data
concepts, methods, and analytics. International journal of
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Gartenstein, D. (2018). Why Is Strategic Planning Important to
an Organization? Retrieved from
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important-organization-4103.html
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power of relationships to achieve quality, efficiency and
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Systems or Business Intelligence: What Can Help in Decision
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c4e9c886a4a17.pdf
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Solution
Manual for Business Intelligence and Analytics Systems for
Decision Support. Retrieved from
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business-intell_45e476d6022c25
SlidePlayer. (2006). Decision Support Systems and Business
Intelligence. Retrieved from
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thFigures.pdf
Molded Devices Inc. (2016). Why Clean Room Manufacturing
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[online] Available at:
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manufacturing-matters-for-medical-device-plastics/
[Accessed 17 May 2019].

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