English Phonology - 02-Places of Articulation
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English Phonology - 02-Places of Articulation
- 1. English Phonology Structure of Language
- 2. Intro • Phonology • the study of the sound systems oflanguages. • It studies howspeech sounds form patterns • It is concernedwith the abstract ormental aspect of the sounds in language ratherthan with the actual physical articulation of speechsounds.
- 7. Intro • Phonology • the study of the sound systems oflanguages. • It studies howspeech sounds form patterns • It is concernedwith the abstract ormental aspect of the sounds in language ratherthan with the actual physical articulation of speechsounds. • Phonetics • thestudyofthecharacteristics ofspeechsounds • thestudyofthesoundsmade intheproductionofhuman languages • moreconcrete
- 8. cat knot psycho rhythm /k/ /æ/ /t/ /n/ /ɒ/ /t/ /s/ /aɪ/ /k/ /əʊ/ /r/ /ɪ/ /ð/ /ə/ /m/
- 9. Intro •Three branches ofphonetics • Articulatoryphonetics,focusingonthehumanvocalapparatusand describessoundsintermsoftheirarticulationinthevocaltract • Auditoryphonetics,studyinghowsoundsareheard–theperceptionof speechsoundsbytheear • Acousticphonetics,exploringthenatureofsoundwavesproducedin humanlanguage,usingthetoolsofphysics
- 10. Organs of Speech Structure of Language
- 12. upper lip upper teeth alveolar /gum ridge hardpalate soft palate / velum uvula
- 13. lower lip lower teeth tip of tongue blade of T front of T canterof T back of T root of T epligottis vocal cords glottis trachea esophagus pharynx larynx
- 14. (Articulatory) Phonetics Structure of Language
- 15. Places of Articulations • Wherethe soundis produced in the mouth. • Usually namedaccordingto the upper articulation.
- 16. Placesof Articulations 1. Bilabials Upper upper lip Lower lower lip touches Example • p /pen/ /pinapple/ • b /but/ / • m • w
- 17. Placesof Articulations 2. Labio-dentals Upper upper teeth Lower lower lip touches/approaches Example • f • v
- 18. Placesof Articulations 3. Dentals (or Interdentals) Upper upper teeth Lower tip/bladeof tongue approaches Example • θ • ð
- 19. Placesof Articulations 4. Alveolars Upper alveolarridge Lower tip oftongue touches Example • t • d • n • l • r • s • z approaches
- 20. Placesof Articulations 5. Palatal Upper hard palate Lower front of the tongue touches/approaches Example • j
- 21. Placesof Articulations 6. Palato-alveolars Upper Back of alveolar ridge Lower front of the tongue approaches Example • ʃ • ʒ • ʧ • ʤ
- 23. Placesof Articulations 8. Velars Upper soft palate Lower back of the tongue touches Example • k • g • ŋ
- 24. Placesof Articulations 9. Retroflexes Upper alveolarridge Lower curled tipof tongue touches Example • ɖ • ʈ
- 25. References • Finegan, E. (2008).Language:ItsStructureandUse,5th Edition. • Yule,G. (2010).TheStudyofLanguage,FourthEdition. • Fromkin,V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2009).An IntroductiontoLanguage,9th Edition.
Editor's Notes
- With initial /ð/: Grammar words: than - that - the - their - them - then - there - these - they - this - those - though - thus /ð/ in mid-position: Grammar words: although - another - either - neither - other - rather - together - whether - within /wɪðˈɪn, wɪθˈɪnAmE/ - without /wɪˈðaʊt, wɪθˈaʊtAmE/ Content words: bother - brother - clothing - father - farther - feather - further - gather - leather - mother - Netherlands - northern - rhythm - southern /ˈsʌðərn/ - weather With final /ð/: Grammar word: with /wɪð/ or /wɪθ/ Content words: breathe - smooth Initial pronunciation of /θ/: thanks - theaterAmE - theatreBrE - theme - theory - therapy - thick - thin - thing - think - thirteen - thirst - thirty - thorough - thought - thousand - threat - three - threw - throat - through - throw - thumb - Thursday Final pronunciation of /θ/: bath - beneath - birth - both - breath - death - depth - earth - faith - forth - growth - health - length - mathAmE - month - mouth - north - path - smooth - south - strength - teeth - tooth - truth - wealth - worth - youth Middle pronunciation of /θ/: anything - everything - nothing - something athlete - author - Dorothy - Ethiopia /ˌiːθiːˈoʊpiːə/ - ethnic - healthy - hypothesis - Martha - mathematics - mathsBrE - method - monthly - strengthen - wealthy
- equation - usually ending in "sion": conclusion - confusion - decision - division - occasion - provision - television - vision ending in "sual": usual - visual ending in "sure": exposure - measure - pleasure with "sh": cash - crash - dish - establish - fashion - finish - fish - flash - fresh - push - relationship - shake - shall - shape - share - she - shift - shine - ship - shock - shoe - shoot - shop - short - should - shoulder - show - wash - wish with "ss": with "ssi": commission - depression - discussion - expression - impression - mission - professional - Russia - sessionwith "ssu": assure - issue - pressure - tissuewith "ti": with "tio": action - assumption - condition - definition - education - function - generation - information - location - mention - nation - option - rational - station - tradition - variationwith "tia": essential - initial - initiative - partial - potential - substantialwith "tie": patience - patientwith "ci": efficient - musician - racial - special with "ce": ocean with "s": Asia /ˈeɪʃə/ or /ˈeɪʒə/ - sugar - sure "x" as /kʃ/: anxious with "ch": machine /ʃ/ or /s/edit associate