About the Lucas County Maumee River Waste Water Treatment Pl.docx

About the Lucas County Maumee River Waste Water Treatment
Plant:
In June 1970, a contract was signed by the City of Maumee,
Lucas County, and the Ohio
Water Development Authority to finance, construct, and operate
a regional wastewater
treatment facility to service Maumee, Waterville, Holland, and
other limited portions of
unincorporated Lucas County. Construction was started on the
new wastewater treatment
plant in March 1971. The Maumee River Wastewater Treatment
Plant (MRWWTP) was placed
into service in early 1973 as a five MGD activated sludge
treatment plant with a hydraulic
capacity of 12.5 MGD. The Lucas County Waste Water
Treatment Plant is located in
Waterville, OH and operates 24 hours per day. This facility also
generates electricity through
co-generation.
In 2003-2004, the Maumee River WWTP was expanded again to
increase the design / peak

capacity by 7.5/17.3 MGD (Plant total is now 22.0/47.3 MGD).
These improvements were
constructed as a totally separate liquid treatment train called the
West Plant. The former
Plant B is now called the East Plant. The West Plant treatment
includes influent screening
and grit removal for preliminary treatment, a primary clarifier,
chemical addition for
phosphorus removal, two two-pass aeration basins for activated
sludge treatment, two final
clarifiers, and an ultraviolet disinfection system. The new West
Plant was constructed with
the future capability to be expanded to a design / peak capacity
of 15.0/34.5 MGD.
In addition to the construction of the new West Plant, the
County also made several
improvements to the East Plant, the Anaerobic Digesters,
Sludge Storage Facilities, and the
Administration Building. The improvements to the East Plant
included replacing the old
centrifugal blowers with new, energy-efficient single-vane
centrifugal blowers; replacing the
coarse bubble diffusers in the aeration tanks with fine bubble

diffusers; replacing the old
chlorination / de-chlorination system with and Ultraviolet
Disinfection system; and, installing
bio-scrubbers for odor control at the aerated grit chamber and
raw sewage pumping station.
The other changes to the MRWWTP included increasing the
Anaerobic Digester gas line
sizes, adding an additional dewatered sludge storage pad, and
adding new offices,
conference rooms, and storage space in the Administration
Building
In 2010, the MRWWTP included improvements with the
selection, purchase, and installation
of a new centrifuge for dewatering digested sludge. Lucas
County received financing and
grants for the installation of the new dewatering centrifuge, and
completed the project in
2010. The installation of the new centrifuge was adjacent to the
belt filter press, where it
was used with a truck loading conveyor. The belt filter press is
being retained as backup
dewatering equipment in the event the centrifuge is out of
operation for service or repair.

The long range plan for the facility is to purchase a second
centrifuge and construct a new
dewatering building adjacent to the sludge storage pads. The
wastewater flows for the
Lucas County Sewer Service Area are projected to be met by the
facility’s most recent 7.5
MGD plant expansion through the year in 2020.
Conquering the Minefield of
Soft Rogue APs in the Enterprise
A Whitepaper by AirTight Networks
www.airtightnetworks.com
© 2010 AirTight Networks, Inc
2/6

Conquering the Minefield of Soft Rogue APs in the Enterprise
Dr. Hemant Chaskar
Director of Technology, AirTight Networks
Overview
A soft access point (AP) is a laptop or other wireless enabled
device which
performs traffic forwarding between its wireless interface and
some other interface
which is connected to the secure network. A soft AP can show
up as rogue access
point on the enterprise network. This can happen inadvertently,
for example, when
an employee has used a company owned laptop as an AP to
share Internet
connection at home and later forgets to disable the sharing. A
soft AP can,
however, be maliciously installed as it is perfect hacker
“solution” to put a rogue AP
on a network while evading wire-side controls such as 802.1x,
NACs and wireside-

only rogue AP scanners.
Recently, soft APs increasingly have been found in enterprise
networks. One main
reason behind this is the ease with which end user devices
enable soft AP
configuration on embedded WiFi interfaces. In most cases, only
couple of clicks is
what it takes to enable soft AP on the end user device. Notably,
while conventional
rogue APs required bringing in unmanaged hardware such as
home grade WiFi
router into the enterprise, soft APs are embedded already in the
end user devices.
This paper reviews some of the commonly found ways to
convert WiFi enabled
devices into soft APs. Here Windows OS is used as example,
but similar
configurations can also be done on many end user devices
including the handheld
devices such as PDAs and smart phones. The paper also
suggests what steps you
can take to protect your network from soft AP threats.

3/6
Commonly Found Soft AP Configurations
The following are some commonly found soft AP
configurations.
1. Windows Network Bridge:
A network bridge can be created between the wired Ethernet
interface and the
wireless WiFi interface of a Windows laptop. If the wired
Ethernet interface is
connected to the enterprise network, the network can be
accessed by intruders
from outside of premises who connect wirelessly to the WiFi
interface. The
intruders will have layer 2 access to the enterprise network.
2. Internet Connection Sharing (ICS):

4/6
When Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) is enabled on a
Windows laptop, a routing
(NAT) service is created between its wired Ethernet interface
and wireless WiFi
interface. If the wired Ethernet interface is connected to
enterprise network, the
network can be accessed by an intruder from outside of the
premises by wirelessly
connecting to the WiFi interface. The intruder will have layer 3
access to the
enterprise network.

3. Add-on Devices on Laptop:
External devices can be connected to the laptop to turn it into a
soft AP. For
example, USB devices such as Windy31 and PCMCIA cards
such as WP1200, are
available and can act as wireless access points when plugged
into the laptop.
Devices such as Windy31 also come built in with AP software
which auto-installs
when the device is plugged into the laptop. The WiFi AP
running on such devices
can bridge or route traffic to the wired network through the
laptop.
Windy31
4. Virtual WiFi Interfaces (Windows 7):
Windows 7 has introduced the virtual WiFi interfaces feature.
This feature enables
a single radio interface on the device to act as multiple WiFi
devices
simultaneously. Software tools such as “connectify” are
available to enable both
client and AP simultaneously on the radio interface of the

Windows 7 laptop. If
such radio interface is connected to enterprise network as
authorized corporate
5/6
WiFi client, unauthorized users from outside of the premises
can connect to the AP
operating on the same radio interface and then access the
enterprise network.
Soft APs on Handheld Devices
The virtual interfaces mark a significant development as they

extend soft AP threat
from laptops to handheld devices. The handheld devices
typically do not have
wired Ethernet interface, so the first three methods are
generally not applicable to
them. However, with the advent of virtual interfaces, it is now
possible to use a
WiFi radio in the handheld device to simultaneously act as
authorized corporate
WiFi client and unauthorized soft WiFi AP.
6/6
Protection from Soft APs
Since it is so easy to convert end user laptops and WiFi enabled
handheld devices
into soft rogue APs, enterprises need to be continuously
monitoring to understand

if any soft APs are present on their networks.
Monitoring for soft APs requires wireless scanning tools such as
wireless intrusion
prevention system (WIPS) comprising of wireless monitoring
sensors. WIPS
sensors can continuously track the wireless activity of end user
devices and detect
soft AP activity. They can also block soft AP activity over the
air.
While there are many WIPS offerings available in the market, it
is essential to
evaluate if they can provide protection against all scenarios of
soft APs, before
installing them in your network. AirTight Networks offers
SpectraGuard® Enterprise
overlay WIPS which is capable of protecting against all types of
soft AP activity due

to its unique active classification™ technology enabled by
patented marker packet
techniques. It is also worth noting that WIPS also provides
protection from many
other WiFi threats such as conventional rogue APs, mis-
associations, ad hoc
connections, WiPhishing, wireless DoS attacks etc. (which are
not discussed in this
paper), helps meet compliance requirements (e.g., PCI, HIPAA
etc.), and also
provides performance monitoring and troubleshooting for the
WLAN.
For more information on WiFi security, WIPS and AirTight
Networks, please visit
www.airtightnetworks.com. You can also review recorded
webinar on this topic of
soft rogue APs at
https://admin.acrobat.com/_a1013426351/p54357857/.
SpectraGuard® Enterprise
Wireless Intrusion Prevention
System
Internet
Firewall

Sensor
Name
Institution
Date
PRESENTATION
OVERVIEW
A soft access point allow one to establish a wireless network.
This is with one’s player which can be used by a device which

is Wi-Fi enabled.
The devices which are Wi-Fi enabled are therefore in a position
to access the internet (Gupta et al. 2016).
It simply means that when the soft AP is enabled one player
becomes an access point and can be used to access network by
other networks.
A soft access point allow one to establish a wireless network.
This is with one’s player which can be used by a device which
is Wi-Fi enabled. The devices which are Wi-Fi enabled are
therefore in a position to access the internet. It simply means
that when the soft AP is enabled one player becomes an access
point and can be used to access network by other networks.
2
SOFT AP CONFIGURATIONS
(Windows Network Bridge)
Among the configurations is the windows network bridge
(Gupta et al. 2019).

It is a feature which has been Windows part for a long time.
It allows one to connect more that two segments of networks
together thus the devices are able to join the network.
It is created between the wireless Wi-Fi interface and the
Ethernet interface which is wired of the laptop’s windows.
Among the configurations is the windows network bridge
(Gupta et al. 2019).It is a feature which has been Windows part
for a long time. It allows one to connect more that two segments
of networks together thus the devices are able to join the
network. It is created between the wireless Wi-Fi interface and
the Ethernet interface which is wired of the laptop’s windows.

3
CONTINUATION
Before one sets up a bridge connection, it is require that one has
at least two network adapters.
One of the adapters has to be connected to the given internet
and the second one will be used when connecting with the other
computer.
The primary network adapter which is on the host computer,
lose the connectivity of network as result (Gupta et al. 2019).
Therefore, for one to regain internet access, one need to set a
static IP address to the provided computer manually.
Before one sets up a bridge connection, it is require that one has
at least two network adapters. One of the adapters has to be
connected to the given internet and the second one will be used
when connecting with the other computer. The primary network
adapter which is on the host computer, lose the connectivity of

network as result. Therefore, for one to regain internet access,
one need to set a static IP address to the provided computer
manually.
4
Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
The other common configurations of Soft AP is the internet
connection sharing.
It is usually enabled on the windows of the laptop , a routing
service get created between the wireless Wi-Fi interface and
Ethernet interface which is wired.
It allows a local area network of Windows computers to share
an internet connection which is single (Torok et al. 2019).
The other common configurations of Soft AP is the internet
connection sharing. It is usually enabled on the windows of the

laptop , a routing service get created between the wireless Wi-Fi
interface and Ethernet interface which is wired. It allows a local
area network of Windows computers to share an internet
connection which is single.
5
CONTINUATION
The ICS feature has been included as part of every releases of
Windows.
However, it is not available as a program which is separately
installable.
The feature thus follows a model of client/server as for it to be
set up, one computer has to be chosen as the server (Gupta et al.
2019).
The ICS host is the designated computer with the ability of
supporting two network interfaces.
One is connected to the internet directly while the other is
connected to the LAN remainder.

The ICS feature has been included as part of every releases of
Windows. However, it is not available as a program which is
separately installable. The feature thus follows a model of
client/server as for it to be set up, one computer has to be
chosen as the server. The ICS host is the designated computer
with the ability of supporting two network interfaces. One is
connected to the internet directly while the other is connected to
the LAN remainder.
6
CONTINUATION
It thus means that the transmissions which are outgoing from
the client computers flow through the computer which is the
server and on the internet.
On the other hand, the incoming transmissions from the internet
flow through the computer (server) and on to the computer
which is connected correctly.
When it comes to the traditional home network, the computer
(server) is connected directly to modem (Torok et al. 2019).
The ICS works with many types of connections of internet such
as cable, ISDN and satellite among others.

It thus means that the transmissions which are outgoing from
the client computers flow through the computer which is the
server and on the internet. On the other hand, the incoming
transmissions from the internet flow through the computer
(server) and on to the computer which is connected correctly.
When it comes to the traditional home network, the computer
(server) is connected directly to modem. The ICS works with
many types of connections of internet such as cable, ISDN and
satellite among others.
7
Add-on Devices on Laptop
The other type of soft AP configuration is the add-on devices on
laptop.
An external device can be connected to the given laptop to turn
into a soft AP (Zarifi et al. 2019).
Therefore, it can either be a program utility or a hardware unit
that can be added to a given computer to have its capabilities
enhanced.
There are also software add-ons which are common when it
comes to word processors, games, and also accounting
programs.

The other type of soft AP configuration is the add-on devices on
laptop. An external device can be connected to the given laptop
to turn into a soft AP (Zarifi et al. 2019). Therefore, it can
either be a program utility or a hardware unit that can be added
to a given computer to have its capabilities enhanced. There are
also software add-ons which are common when it comes to word
processors, games, and also accounting programs.
8
Windows 7
The other one is the windows 7 and also known as virtual Wi-Fi
interfaces.
It is a feature that enables a single radio interface on a device
acting as a multiple Wi-Fi devices in a simultaneously.
In Windows 7, a new access point can be set up by turning the
laptop into a hotspot of Wi-Fi (Beckhardt et al. 2019).
One click the icon of the wired network connection and select

the Open Network and Sharing Centre then to the set up which
is under change your network settings.
The other one is the windows 7 and also known as virtual Wi-Fi
interfaces. It is a feature that enables a single radio interface on
a device acting as a multiple Wi-Fi devices in a simultaneously.
In Windows 7, a new access point can be set up by turning the
laptop into a hotspot of Wi-Fi. One click the icon of the wired
network connection and select the Open Network and Sharing
Centre then to the set up which is under change your network
settings.
9
HANDHELD DEVICES (SOFT APS)
A significant development is marked by a virtual interface as it
extends soft AP threats from the given laptop to handheld
devices.
A handheld device primarily do not have an Ethernet interface
which is wired.
Therefore, the first methods can not apply to them (Beckhardt et
al. 2019).

A significant development is marked by a virtual interface as it
extends soft AP threats from the given laptop to handheld
devices. A handheld device primarily do not have an Ethernet
interface which is wired. Therefore, the first methods can not
apply to them. It is now possible to use a Wi-Fi radio in the
handheld device to simultaneously act as authorized corporate
Wi-Fi client and unauthorized soft Wi-Fi AP.
10
SOFT APS PROTECTION
Every organization need to monitor continuously to have an
understanding if there is any soft APs present on their networks.
For the soft Aps to get monitored, scanning tools which are
wireless are needed (Torok et al. 2019).
Such tools include the wireless intrusion prevention system

(WIPS) which incorporate wireless monitoring sensors.
WIPS protect against every kind of soft AP activity as it has
active classification which is unique.
Every organization need to monitor continuously to have an
understanding if there is any soft APs present on their networks.
For the soft Aps to get monitored, scanning tools which are
wireless are needed. Such tools include the wireless intrusion
prevention system (WIPS) which incorporate wireless
monitoring sensors. WIPS protect against every kind of soft AP
activity as it has active classification which is unique.
11
REFERENCES
Beckhardt, S., Schulert, A., Kuper, R., & Lang, J. (2019). U.S.
Patent Application No. 16/376,219.
Gupta, Y., & Roberts, D. A. (2019). U.S. Patent No.
10,314,087. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.

Gupta, Y., & Roberts, D. A. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,504,070.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Torok, F., Pogue, M. A., Gundeti, V. K., & Sundaram, D.
(2019). U.S. Patent No. 10,431,217. Washington, DC: U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office.
Zarifi, K., Baligh, M., & Ma, J. (2019). U.S. Patent No.
10,277,285. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
Environmental Health
Write 4-5 pages report about Lucas County Water Resource
Recovery Facility
Use facility website and the attached documents and google to
obtain all your information you need for your report.
Follow the instructions below for your report.
· In this report you’re going to cover (WWTP process
description, environmental health issues, established health and
safety programs, etc.)
· Make sure you answer these questions (re environmental
health): what is there, what is good, what may need
improvement. You can add more question but you MUST answer

theses too.
· Your written report should be on the given site detailing your
findings. Your report should be (Format):
· Double spaced (except for the references). 12pt, Times New
Roman.
· Include a cover page (assignment number, course name, date,
student’s name and instructor name).
· Table of contents.
· Introduction.
· Methods: (WWTP process), results/findings (hazards,
environmental health issues, health and safety programs).
· Discussion.
· Conclusion.
· References.
· The report should be approximately 4-5 pages of text (not
including cover page, TOC, and references); pictures may be
included but are not part of the page limit.
· Hint: use the attachment (Side 1.jpeg, Side 2.jpeg) it will
easy your report.
Site Information
Lucas County Water Resource Recovery Facility
5758 N River Road, Waterville, OH 43566
Website Link:http://co.lucas.oh.us/404/Water-Resource-
Recovery-Facility
Attachments: Side 1.jpeg, Side 2.jpeg

About the Lucas County Maumee River Waste Water Treatment Pl.docx

About the Lucas County Maumee River Waste Water Treatment Pl.docx

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