Pros And Cons Of The Equal Rights Amendment Essay

Pros and Cons of the Equal Rights Amendment Essay
Pros and Cons of the Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment began its earliest discussions in 1920. These discussions took place
immediately after two–thirds of the states approved women's suffrage. The nineteenth century was
intertwined with several feminist movements such as abortion, temperance, birth control and
equality. Many lobbyists and political education groups formed in these times. One such
organization is the Eagle Forum, who claims to lead the pro–family movement. On the opposite side
of the coin is The National Organization for Women, or NOW, which takes action to better the
position of women in society. Feminism is the most powerful force for change in our time. The
Equal Rights Amendment has been a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some supporters say that because women's salaries still lag behind men, we need an Equal Rights
Amendment more than ever (Hennessey 3). The real issue, claim some supporters, is the "right to
bodily integrity, and without this basic right, women can have no true freedom" (NOW 2). Legal sex
discrimination is not a thing of the past, and the progress of the last forty years is not irreversible
without the protection of an amendment (Francis 1).Feminist claim that "The ERA's most valuable
effect would be the psychological victory it would provide women" (Steiner 35). Women are
underpaid in the workforce, required to pay higher insurance premiums and are half as likely as men
to get pensions (NOW 4). Supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment remind us of a traditional
assumption, ‘Men hold rights and women must prove that they hold them" (Francis 2). Supporter
claim amazement that, "Even in the twenty first century, the United States Constitution does not
explicitly guarantee that all the rights it protects are held equally by all citizens" (Francis 4).
Supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment believe that "unless we put into the Constitution the
bedrock principle that equality of rights cannot be denied or abridged on account of sex, the political
and judicial victories women have achieved with their blood, sweat and tears for the past two
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The First Amendment Rights
Our world is changing and so are our rights. The First Amendment, freedom of speech, is taking the
world by storm. Whether it be at sporting events or on college campuses, our First Amendment
rights must be upheld. College is meant to provide each student with knowledge; ensuring they
experience viewpoints from thousands of people, and taking away our First Amendment rights is
taking away our opportunity to learn and further our education. 2017 isn't the first time the First
Amendment has been brought up for debate on college campuses. Kent State is one of the most
violent and unconstitutional violations of First Amendment rights on a college campus. The spirited
young adults protesting the war at Kent State were not rebelling, they were only sharing the
knowledge they valued deeply. "Students were killed and nine injured when members of the Ohio
National Guard opened fire during a demonstration protesting the Vietnam War." (Rosenberg). The
students protesting the Vietnam war were giving others the opportunity to see something from a
different perspective; this is the goal for liberal education. These student's ideas were suppressed and
limited because they were not popular ideas. The goal of getting a higher education is to expand
your thoughts and experience different beliefs. Not only were lives taken this day, but opportunities
to learn and change the world. The Kent State students were only trying to help others understand
their antiwar convictions. Taking away these

The Amendment Of The Bill Of Rights
An important provision of the Bill of Rights is the protection of freedom to publish, as provided by
the First Amendment. This protection applies to all kinds of publications, even those that print
unpopular opinions. In most censorship cases, every attempt is made to suppress the written word
after publication, not before. Minnesota passed a law in 1925 that sought to prevent newspapers,
magazines, and other publications from printing obscene, malicious, scandalous and defamatory
material. This law was called the Minnesota Gag Law . This law allowed private citizens and/or
public prosecutors to request a court injunction to shut down any publication that was known as a
public nuisance. Publishers of newspapers had to show that they had good motives for anything they
were going to print before they printed it. Jay M. Near owned a newspaper called The Saturday
Press which was located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He sought to report on corruption in city
politics. The articles he published stated that Minneapolis was being controlled by a Jewish
gangster. Near frequently criticized officials and accused them of being dishonest. He argued that
Jews were ruling the city and that the governor was incompetent. He also alleged that the chief of
police was taking bribes. Near was arrested. Based on the Minnesota law, Near was stopped from
publishing his newspaper in 1925 . The county attorney sued Near on behalf of the state of
Minnesota. According to Cornell University Law

Equal Rights Amendment Analysis
The Equal Rights Amendment, or ERA for short, was an amendment that was in place from 1923 to
2014. This amendment gave equal rights and protection to women. This amendment would help end
discrimination based on the gender of a person. In 1923, it was first introduced to Congress. Prior to
this, women had already been given the right to vote. However, there was still discrimination toward
women, limiting their opportunities to be accepted into a good job. Most of these jobs were only
open to men, as stated by the text "Still a Tough Road" The text states "Many jobs, particularly in
management and other positions of power, were only open to men". This piece of evidence shows
that only men were given the jobs that got paid more money and were usually jobs that you had
power in. Men believed that women had no competence in order to take on these jobs, and therefore,
not giving them the opportunity to be employed for the job seemed to be the only solution. Many
people have different views on the ERA. Some people support the amendment, saying that ... Show
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Many people thought that this was a good thing, saying that this would give equality to all women.
However, some disagreed, saying that this would change the way of life and how everything is done.
If the ERA has been ratified, many views and opinions would be changed about women, and they
would be able to have more jobs than men and get more money in order to support their children.
The Pew Study would not have been the same either. It would have been the opposite of what they
said about men working more than women. Women would have more jobs because of their intellect,
and they have more degrees than men. Therefore, the Equal Rights Amendment was brought up
because of women complaining about their rights and opportunities, and people have different views
on this topic, that is still being debated on

Fourth Amendment Rights
Upon doing a little research about dogs and how they are used within the law legally can be
controversial, but dogs using their noses is actually a very key tool. In the case 543 U.S. 405 (2005)
ILLINOIS V. CABALLES No. 03–923. A routine traffic stop by a State Trooper , stopped Roy
Caballes, while this stop occurred the Trooper Daniel Gillette walked is narcotic dog around the
respondents vehicle. The dog detected an odor of marijuana which was located in the trunk and the
respondent was arrested. Caballes's Fourth Amendment Rights were not violated, which most would
probably argue that State Trooper Gillette violated Caballes. In fact the Fourth Amendment allows a
dog to "sniff" around the outside of a vehicle without a warrant and considers this not invading any
personal space or a citizens privacy. The only time this would be a violation would be if an officer of
the law held the stop longer than it needed to be, or stalled the stop improperly just to make an
excuse for the dog to "sniff", for example in the case of 575 (2015) RODRIGUEZ V. UNITED
STATES No. 13–9972. As far as the law enforcement or a law enforcement dog the use of a dog is
not considered a search even when in a airport for example sniffing luggage, bags, purses,
briefcases, garbage(in a bag outside of a can ) example: United States Supreme Court
CALIFORNIA v. GREENWOOD, (1988) No. 86–684, envelopes, because what the dog is doing, is
"alerting" that something may be illegal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amendment. As for a person's home privacy is much more a right according to the Forth
Amendment, in order for a police dog to "sniff" and search your home a warrant needs to be in
effect or probable cause is in order. This also applies to the outside of your home, an officer can not
use a dog on the outside of your home this is invading a persons private space. Although we do have
to take notice an officer of the law can not search your home even with a dog unless they obtain a

The 1st Amendment : The Rights Of The First Amendment
In the United States Constitution, the First Amendment states that "Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the
freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition
the Government for a redress of grievances" (Gold). Historically, as demonstrated in cases such as
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier, the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as the government in general, has well–
upheld this amendment, but starting sometime in the second half of the 20th century, they are slowly
embracing it less and less, as demonstrated in cases such as Texas v. Johnson. The recent hostility
towards the First Amendment demonstrates that its rights ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The ruling of Tinker. V. Des Moines is a good example of how well the Supreme Court used to
highly value First Amendment rights. In the early Supreme Court case, which happened in the
1960s, seven out of nine justices, the vast majority of the Supreme Court (Gold), voted in the
students' favor. This fits in with other early Supreme Court rulings, such as the 1940 court ruling in
Thornhill v. Alabama where they stated that First Amendment rights applied to picketers as long as
they did not cause property destruction or harm others (Gold), or the ruling in West Virginia v.
Barnette later in the 1940s in which the court stated that "students also had a right to express
themselves symbolically" (Gold). Early U.S. Supreme Court opinions supported Americans' right to
symbolic speech as long as it did not cause a "clear and present danger" to others (Gold), and the
fact that the aforementioned early rulings were in favor of this right supports this. How often the
Supreme Court voted in favor of the First Amendment in the era Tinker v. Des Moines took place
shows that they used to highly value First Amendment rights. In addition to demonstrating that the
Supreme Court used to be highly in favor of the First Amendment, Tinker v. Des Moines
demonstrates that the First Amendment does not harm anyone. According to the Supreme Court,
there was "no evidence whatever of petitioners' interference, actual or nascent, with the schools'
work or of collision with the rights of other

Equal Rights Amendment Pros And Cons
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states "that the rights guaranteed by the Constitution apply
equally to all persons regardless of their sex." The ERA should not only protect rights of the
opposite sex but also races, sexualitys and religious beliefs. The Equal Rights Amendment was first
passed by Congress in 1972 and sent to the states for ratification. Unfortunately, the ERA was only
ratified by 35 states, needing three more for it to be inserted into the constitution. If the ERA was
changed to protect all peoples rights, not only the opposite sex, I believe over the required 38 states
would have agreed to ratify it. The Equal Rights Amendment's main focus previously was civil
rights being denied based off of their sex. SInce the late 1900's ... Show more content on
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The Equal Rights Amendment will advance the standing of the United States globally. It will reduce
violence because people will learn to treat everyone equally regardless of the persons sex, race,
sexuality, or religious beliefs. Once passed and changed, the Equal Rights Amendment will abolish
all laws that enable discrimination. It will protect all people, especially minorities. There will be no
uncertainty in a court proceeding on what exactly is discriminatory or not. The ERA will clearly
describe situations where discrimination is present. This reduces the controversy in the legal system
regarding discrimination. Since the United States Constitution does not assure us that our rights are
protected and equal, the ERA will be a positive addition to the constitution because it gives
everyone comparable rights. The Equal Rights amendment should be altered because the
Constitution does not state much about protection of race and religion. Although the 13th
Amendment does not allow slavery, it does not protect the rights of races. The first amendment
allows freedom of religion. This is the only amendment regarding religion in the Constitution. There
is no amendment protecting sexuality's of citizens. All of these issues should be added to and
protected by the Equal Rights Amendment. As citizens our freedom is very well limited. The ERA
will grant us more equal

Essay On Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment was passed by the both house of congress in 1972, then it was sent to
all fifty states legislatures for Ratification. Only 35 out of 38 states ratified the bill. The reason
behind this amendment was that many felt that women weren't protected by the 14th amendment,
since it was written for males. Equality is equal right among people and it fairness for all, something
that was already said in the constitution as part of the 14th amendment. So the reopening isn't
necessary. The content might be directed towards males but things have changed and women too are
protected. Also, because anytime males are drafted into the army the females will also be drafted. It,
also didn't work out even with what they went though, which was protest, marches, rally, etc. this
are some reason why the ERA shouldn't be open again. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which it clearly does state that "Granted Citizenship to ALL persons born or naturalized in the U.S."
Also, now a days things have change over time and people have think differently about womens
working and they get to veto. This is just some evidence based that women's are protected and have
equal right, which the 14th amendment states. The second reason, it shouldn't reopen is because, on
the LATimes it states that if males are drafted into the army and also the females will be drafted as
well as the males. If that happens it would be a waist of time because equality is given on the 14th
amendment, which if women began to get drafted it would work against us. Also if this movement
reopens, men and women will have to fight in wars therefore, children with parents won't have
either parents to watch over them and will be left alone. So if the amendment gets open this will
cause problem and destroy

The Equal Right Amendments Of The Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Right Amendment The Equal rights Amendment was proposed to set equality for every
citizen no matter the sex. The amendment has three sections. The first one states "equality of rights
under the law should not be denied by the U.S on the account of one's sex." Section two says that
"congress has the power to enforce this law." Last but not least, section three says the amendment
will take effect two years after ratification. The ERA is a proposed amendment made to guarantee
equal rights to all U.S. citizens no matter the sex. In 1872 when the issue was introduced to congress
it was quickly sent out to the states to get the opinion of the amendment. Many states ratified the
amendment shortly after it was sent out. The United ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Paul dedicated her life to equal rights for all women. She has impacted many people in this world
from the struggles and hardships she went through to try to make things right for women. Paul was a
very intelligent women, she graduated at the top of her class. Congress gave the amendment seven
years for ratification when it was submitted in 1972. Many states ratified the amendment quickly,
other states refused the ratification. A big debate in the time of the amendment ratification was that
women were just different then men. Women would never hold the same powers and fulfill the same
things as men. Women began to form many organizations to support the amendment. Women tried
everything in their power to get the law passed. The constitution's 14th amendment is to protect the
right of all citizens, but that does not guarantee the discrimination of the sex. The equal rights
movement would make a better standard for deciding on cases of sex discrimination. The 14th
amendment does not protect anyone from sex discrimination. The ERA would provide legal defense
to women's rights. This amendment would help all humanity, not just women. Still today, sex
discrimination is still an ongoing event. We still need the passing of the ERA. Although, since then
women's rights have improved. Women are still not equal to men. If it came down to it men would
still be chosen over a women. We, as women should still fight for the ratification of the Equal

Equal Rights Amendment Failure
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was defeated because of its popularity throughout its
ratification and women opposing the Amendment itself. The ERA was an Amendment introduced to
the United States that gave equal rights to every gender. This meant that there would be no
differences between a male and a female in terms of divorce, work, etc. This Amendment was seen
as the only way to eliminate gender discrimination. In 1923 the idea was first brought to Congress
by a group called the National Women's Party. However, amending the Constitution is a very
difficult process. First, Congress present the Amendment and get a majority vote of two–thirds from
the House and the Senate. After the Amendment is passed by Congress then it must be ratified by
three–fourths of the states. Even though Congress passed the ERA and the future seemed bright. The
states did not ratify the Amendment. Therefore, the Amendment died off by 1982. The ERA failed
for multiple reasons however one of the main reasons that it failed was due to its popularity in every
population. According to Document A, Thomas J. Reese felt that is was very hard to get a majority
of a population's votes and pass an Amendment. He believed that the tactics present were enough to
destroy the ERA. This is because the tactics prevented the movement from getting the support it
needed to become ratified. What is ironic is that the tactics of the pro–ERA groups that basically
hurt themselves. Their protests included bra burning,

Bill Of Rights Amendment Analysis
The Constitution establishes the basic rights of all Americans, provides directions on how the
government should function and the basics of law and order. Additionally, the Bill of Rights protects
the liberties of individuals. When injustices occur, laws are wrongly enforced, or individual rights
are violated, it is the obligation of citizens to take a stand against these transgressions. Civil
disobedience and peaceful resistance to these infractions are a forceful means to cause change and
have a positive impact on a free society.
Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote, "Injustice anywhere is a threat to injustice everywhere." These words
remind us to take a stand when we witness violations of the Constitution. He recommended that we
collect facts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not only was the lengthy military action very unpopular, the young men being drafted were not of
age to vote. They were conscripted and sent to war without having any say in the matter. As a sign
of protest, many burned their draft cards, sought exclusion through disabilities, or filed as
conscientious objectors. Thousands of young men escaped the draft by fleeing to Canada unable to
return to the United States. The anti–war protests and high number of resistors to the draft resulted
in too high a number of people to punish or send to prison. As a result, President Carter later granted
general amnesty to those who had fled to other countries and allowed them to return to the United
States. An additional positive outcome of the continued efforts was the lowering of the voting age
from twenty–one to eighteen.
Overall, civil disobedience is a concentrated effort to affect change in society. It is enormously
important when others infringe upon the human rights of the individual guaranteed by the
Constitution. Without the possibility to freely speak and express our discontent with unjust and
unfair treatment, we would be subject to the ideals of government officials with no check on their
power. The opportunity for the populous to openly disagree positively impacts a free

Equal Rights Amendment Pros And Cons
The influential Phyllis Schlafly used her platform against the Equal Rights Amendment to
emphasize that the possibility of having equal rights between men and women would be "destructive
and antifamily". Schlafly found the amendment to be disturbing when the ERA gained a strong
support system for its adoption; nevertheless, she started the STOP ERA movement in order to stress
the importance of having a traditional family in America. The primary purpose of the amendment
was to prohibit discrimination on the basis of gender in the United States (S&L 103). The support of
this amendment was because women felt that they were being institutionally discriminated by the
patriarchal dominance. The idea that women who were wives and mothers had to be supported by
their husbands and work exclusively in their home was played out. Many women wanted to ... Show
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In Schlafly's interview with Washington Star, she stated that the ERA would take away our laws that
are entitled to reflect the natural differences and the role assigned by God (S&L 105). These "laws"
that she is referring to is the sanctity of the husband supporting his wife and family, praising God,
and husbands paying alimony to wives. If the ERA was passed, the woman would have to support
the family and pay for the same things men would pay, which should not happen; it is deemed
unconstitutional and disorderly in terms of tradition and the country's original conservative
principles that the man is the provider. It would also challenge the Christian heritage if Americans
themselves are losing their faith in God. Christianity is not prohibited in many public places, but it
would be against the First Amendment to pass a law that could potentially prohibit the exercise of
the Christian faith in households and in America, which would be

Equal Rights Amendment 1920
Recollection of popular memory, the decade that followed soon after World War I was referred to as
the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties (Foner 769). With its flappers; which were young, sexually
liberated women (Foner 760–770), speakeasies (nightclubs known for selling liquor in violation of
Prohibition), and a rising stock market that was stimulated by easy credit and a get–rich–quick
outlook, it was a time of revolt against many of the ethical rules handed–down from the nineteenth
century (Foner 770). In addition to this, similar to that of the labor movement, feminists were
fighting to adapt to the new political situation. The 1920 suffrage achievement eradicated the bond
of unity between numerous activists, each "struggling for her own ... Show more content on
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No longer an element in any ties to a program of broad social reform, sexual freedom now was
defined as individual rebellion (Foner 777). Equally important, with bobbed hair, short skirts, public
drinking and smoking, and unapologetic birth control methods, the singe, young "flapper" embodied
the change in standards of sexual behavior, at least in the case of large cities (Foner 777). She visited
dance halls and music clubs where white people engaged in "wild" dances like the Charleston which
had been popular early on in black communities. She also frequented sexually charged Hollywood
films that featured stars like Clara Bow, the provocative "It' Girl," and Rudolph Valentino, the
original on–screen "Latin Lover." (Foner 777). Furthermore, what was once scandalous a generation
earlier had become a device to market goods from automobiles to cigarettes (Foner 778). Finally,
having found a husband, women were expected to look for freedom within the confinements of their
own home, finding "liberation," according to the advertisements, in the used of new labor–saving
appliances (Fonner 778). Many professional opportunities for women continued to be limited due to
the assumptions about what jobs were suitable for females. The "new professional woman" was
clear and widely publicized image. However, the reality was that most women who were married
did not

Women 's Equal Rights Amendment
Campaigning for the Equal Rights Amendment in the early twentieth century, women found it
particularly difficult to have their efforts opposed by other women. One of the hovering questions
that went along with the proposal of the amendment was whether those supporting equality for
women, advocating the equality of opportunity, would also support the enablement of women to be
freely different from men without consequence. There were passionate feelings on both sides of the
arguments and this debate brought into focus many questions about equality. Despite the
magnificent accomplishments of all the movements and efforts of women, complete gender equality
had yet to be achieved.
The Equal Rights Amendment had been a major cause controversy after its initial proposal in the
early nineteenth century. Feminists of that time found it especially painful when some of their fellow
women opposed the amendment. The conflict focused on whether the proposal would completely
fulfill the needs of women, give them more opportunities, and allow women to flourish not just in
the workplace but also in all aspects of society. Despite a heavy opposition by both women and men,
the National Women's Party introduced the amendment to the Constitution in 1923. The main
intentions of this movement included a resolution to the paradox of an oppressed minority. The
amendment was not created to change the public's values but to modify its behavior, much like the
Fourteenth Amendment. Its purpose was to

Alice Paul Reintroduces The Equal Rights Amendment
After the Women's Suffrage Movement, Alice Paul introduces the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923
to Congress, but is pushed aside as it was not seen as great importance at the time, hence why it was
not urgent for it to be reviewed and passed for an awaited ratification. A new movement rolls in to
improve the conditions women faced in the late 1900s, also known as the second–wave feminist
movement. Martha Griffiths, a woman who served on the House Committee on Ways and Means,
reintroduces the Equal Rights Amendment, after revising it, in the 92nd Congress. The amendment
was given seven years to be ratified by thirty eight states and unfortunately, only twenty two had
ratified it in their states, resulting in the amendment not being passed. ... Show more content on
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n the years to follow, after women are granted the right to vote, Congress and Alice Paul introduce
the amendment. As stated previously, it has been ignored for decades, until Griffiths created a joint
resolution and reintroduces the improved amendment. During the time in which the ERA had not
been brought up by the congress, the National Women's Organization, otherwise known as NOW,
had been advocating for it, being created in 1967 and lead by Paul. NOW repeatedly asks and
protests for the amendment to be passed so it could be ratified by the states. Even after the ERA is
passed, NOW does not stop in spreading the word about the amendment, not now, not ever
(now.org). Betty Friedan's book, titled The Feminine Mystique had waken up the many minds of
those who felt like they were missing something from their lives; women who were not content with
their lives in which they only served their family and were only looked down upon (Friedan 1963).
Moreover, this unexplained misery the women in the 1900s felt, all had one thing in common, they
were all housewives. Similarly, in The Americans textbook (2006), it is shown that a significant
portion of the women in college share the same idea, in the end. In an interview with women from
Stanford University, it is shown that, "Of graduates in 1965, 70 percent planned not to work at all
when their children were of preschool

The Equal Rights Amendment Essay
The Equal Rights Amendment Essay
What could be more important than the equality of rights for all American citizens? Women have
tried without success for 80 years to be acknowledged as equals in our Constitution through an
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Currently there is nothing in the United States Constitution that
guarantees a woman the same rights as a man. The only equality women have with men is the right
to vote. In order to protect women's rights on the same level as men, I am in favor of an Equal
Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution today.
There have been many determined women and organizations such as the NASWA and the NWP that
have fought long and hard to gain the right to vote. Although it's been a long battle to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Equal Rights Amendment was reintroduced in Congress in July of 1982 and has been before
every session of Congress since then, and there still has not been a majority ratification to add this
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
After more than 200 years of living under the United States Constitution and despite all of the
progress women have made, they still to this day continue to suffer discrimination in employment,
insurance, health care, education, the criminal justice system, social security and pensions, and just
about any other area you can name.
Current laws to prevent sex discrimination just aren't enough. The federal laws and regulations
contain many loopholes and they are inconsistently interpreted, or even ignored. Women who seek
enforcement of these laws must not only convince the courts that discrimination has occurred, but
that it even matters. An Equal Rights Amendment would not only guarantee equality, it would take
the burden off women fighting discrimination and hold those who discriminate accountable.
Another area where the current laws are inadequate deals with employment and salaries for women.
Women are underpaid and undervalued in the workforce. In 2008, women were paid a median
weekly salary of $654, where men were earning $825 weekly for doing the same job. (1) Jobs
traditionally held by women remain at the lower end of the pay scale, while traditional men's jobs,
even those having similar

Pros And Cons Of The Equal Rights Amendment
Should women be treated equal to any other person under the law? Should the United States of
America abolish all legal differences of men and women? This is a very controversial topic and the
discussion of this goes all the way back to the early feminist movement of the ninteenhundreds.
Equality for women could be accomplished if the equal rights amendment is ratified by the states.
The Equal Rights Amendment states, "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." The campaign to pass the ERA has
long been a war of feminist versus feminist. One faction focused on the similarities of the sexes and
women's humanity to demand equality and the other feminists focused ... Show more content on
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Representative Bella Abzug of New York and feminists Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem, it won
the requisite two–thirds vote from the U.S. House of Representatives in October 1971. In March
1972, it was approved by the U.S. Senate and sent to the state.
Once it was sent to the states for ratification in March 1972 it had seven years to become ratified by
three–fourths of the states. By 1973 the ERA had become ratified by 30 of the required 38 states.
The ERA only was ratified in five more states before the 1979 deadline was reached, then Congress
extended the deadline to 1982. The supporters organized boycotts and demonstrations in numerous
states that hadn't ratified the amendment yet in hopes of gaining support. However, after the
extension of the deadline, some of the states, due to growing opposition, wished to rescind their
ratification of the amendment and no more ratified it. Despite public opinion polls showed the
majority in favor of the ERA, the amendment fell short of being ratified by three states.
Society of the past was a major opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment. They believed men were
better than the women and therefore could work better while women were more suited to work
inside the home. The culture of domesticity often referred to as the Cult of Domesticity was the
prevailing ideals throughout most of the 19th century that held by society about upper and middle
class women. As pointed out by John Green in his video "Women in the 19th

The Failed Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment in...
The ERA was introduced in every Congress since 1923, and yet it still failed to gain ratification. The
ERA was the Equal Rights Amendment, which means that equality of rights under the law shall not
be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. I believe it was never
passed because of many reasons. One reason was because some ERA supports got offended by other
supports who were very obnoxious, which was a backlash on feminist tactics. (Doc. E & F) Another
is that men and women might switch places, and it would be a threat to traditional roles.(Doc. J
&M) My last reason for why the ERA was defeated is because since men and women would have
equal rights, the women could also be drafted and serve the country. ... Show more content on
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E) Another group of supporters in 1982 put their hands in a triangle shape (which is the symbol for
the ERA), chained their selves to each other and kneeled on the ground in front of a public entrance.
(Doc. F) This was so extreme that many people cropped the photo because of the men laughing in
the background, meaning they didn't take this seriously at all. This could have been a possibility of
the ERA was defeated because some conservative women got offended as well as other ERA
supporters that didn't feel the need to participate in some of these unbearable tactics. They might
have gone to the other side, the anti–ERA, not wanting to be thought as a member of these
obnoxious supporters.
Men back then thought they needed to be working, and when they came home a nice meal should be
already prepared and waiting for them. They thought if the ERA was passed, that the men and
women would switch roles having the men spend more time in the kitchen and with the children. In
1974, a man had his photo taken who had plenty of signs on him saying things like "No meals
prepared", "Child Abandonment", and "Sour Wife?" (Doc. M) A consensus of men voted against the
ERA thinking that they might become the wife and the wife become the husband. This could be a
possibility of why the ERA wasn't passed because almost all of men voted against the ERA, hoping
that this would keep them from doing a few of their wives' jobs and continue being the leader of the
house.
My last reason is

Gender Equality : The Ratification Of The Equal Rights...
In the year of 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) became a proposed amendment to the
United States Constitution that would ensure gender equality for both men and women that was
drafted by Alice Paul who was a suffragist. But sadly, the required two–thirds majority in both the
House and Senate opposed the Equal Rights Amendment. In March 1972, the Equal Rights
Amendment passed both houses of Congress and was sent to the states for ratification. In 1982, the
deadline for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment was passed and unfortunately the
ratification goal was short of three states so the Equal Rights Amendment expired and still to this
day, we don't have an Equal Rights Amendment that will enshrine gender equality once and for all.
Women in the United States have passed through great milestones like in the year of 1920 when the
19th Amendment in the Constitution gave the women the right to vote, the Equal Pay Act that was
passed in 1964 which ensured that women get paid the same amount as men for the same type of
work, gender discrimination laws towards women in the workforce became enacted in the Civil
Rights Act of 1964, and the support of women running for public office by the help of Friedan who
was a huge part of the National Women's Political Caucus in the year of 1966. So if the women
gained so much of these type of freedoms through these great milestones, then why do we still not
have an Equal Rights Amendment to this present day? This question remains

Ratification Of The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
"I never doubted that equal rights was the right direction.... to me there is nothing complicated about
ordinary equality" (Alice Paul). Alice Paul, a very prominent figure in our history, was the one who
said this quote. Born on January 11, 1885, she was part of many political achievements towards
equality, but one of the most long lasting things she did was write the Equal Rights Amendment,
also known as ERA. The Equal Rights Amendment was proposed in 1923 and the amendment still
has been brought up in every congressional meeting to be discussed. The ERA was finally passed by
congress in 1972 and was sent to be ratified by the states. Here we are 45 years later and the ERA
still has not yet been ratified. If ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most other countries already have some kind of legal document that in some way states that men
and women should have equal rights. If we want to improve our ranking among these countries, then
passing the ERA is a big step in that direction. The divide is clear to see in some of the other
countries that were not able to get as close as we have to having equal rights. In the countries that do
have equal rights for men and women, such as Iceland, we are just catching up. This amendment is
needed to ensure that our country doesn't slip to the ways of some other countries such as Pakistan.
In Pakistan only 25% of women are in the workforce while 86% of men are, not only are there less
women in the workforce, but they also earn less since the male to female income ratio is 18%. That
means that for every dollar a man makes a woman would only make 18 cents. The United States
only has a income ratio of 80%, but there should not be a gap at all (Hess, 2014). The work is equal
but women's pay is less than men's. According to the World Economic Forum as of 2016 the United
States was 45th in the Global Gender Gap Index. If we were to ratify the ERA then we could easily
improve our ranking. Improving our rank is only one of the many benefits that we would receive if
we were to finally ratify the

Equal Rights Amendment Summary
Xiaomeng, I really enjoyed reading your post and completely agree with your point of view on the
matter of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The 1920's opened the door to the idea of the ERA
and individuals such as Alice Paul and the National Women's Party paved the way to secure
constitutional rights for women. The members of the Women's Party focused their time and energy
on the ERA to help in guaranteeing women constitutional protection from discrimination. Paul spent
all her life advocating for these rights and well as other issues affecting women during the 20s. Paul
considered herself a conservative but her vision for women had always gone beyond her own
conservatism. Shortly before her death, she was quoted as saying, "I think if

Animal Rights Amendment
There should not be an amendment to the constitution granting animals rights. The reason I feel
there should not be any amendment is because they provide us with food, give us resources that we
use daily and we also get long lasting clothes from using their fur or flesh. But I do believe there
should be laws on how to properly kill animals we consume or use for their fur, flesh or meat.
According to the article A Change of Heart about Animals says "What these researchers are finding
is that many of our fellow creatures are more like us then what we had ever imagined. They feel
pain, suffer and experience stress,affection, excitement and even love..." But if the amendment were
to be passed how would we be allowed to hunt and kill to get meat. Animals such as pigs, cows,
deer, and chickens provide us with meat to feed our families and consume. We would not be able to
continue doing this because in a lot of places they believe and feel this is cruel. How would we be
able to survive without being able to consume meat? Not everyone in the world is a fan of having to
becoming vegetarians and have to cut meat out ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They should not be abused or treated in a cruel way before being killed. Being killed in cruel ways
now that I am against. They should have laws and procedures on how to do it right and not put the
animals through so much pain and suffering. It should be as fast as possible so the animal being
sacrificed for us does not feel as much pain. Animals feel everything we do!! Animals feel love,
happiness, sadness and everything we do for example in the article A Change of Heart about
Animals explains about Koko "Equally impressive is Koko, the 300–pound Gorilla Foundation in
Northern California, who was taught sign language and has mastered more than 1,000 signs and
understand several thousands English words.On a human IQ tests,she scores between 70 and

The Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights
In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every human being.
Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to create the
document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill of Rights
gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the
press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the Constitution in 1789
was drafted. Federalist viewed the Bill of Rights as an unnecessary document that the Anti–
federalist wanted in order to feel safe in knowing what the Constitution was really about and what
was entitled to them. The 9th Amendment assures you cannot be denied certain rights, even if you
're not told your rights you still have them. The 9th amendment stated the following, " the
enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be constructed to deny or disparage others
retained by the people." This amendment grants you the rights that were not specified in the first 8
Amendments. For example, you have the right to have an abortion and you won 't get in trouble
because it 's not illegal. This amendment was created to limit the power of the government over
every individual. This is important for everyone so they aren 't taken advantage. In 1965, "Griswold
v. Connecticut," a supreme court case about the use of birth control. Planned Parenthood League of
Connecticut, was given

The Equal Rights Amendment Proposition
The Equal Rights Amendment proposition to the United States Constitution was sent down to the
state level in 1972, but was met by an organized opposition of religious conservative women trying
to save the country and the family home from the secularizing transition to modernity. The ERA
embodied all the fears of the conservative woman.
Since statehood there has been a strong cultural division based on gender in Oklahoma. A
comprehensive Legislative Council study, in 1972 and revised in 1976, covering gender – specific
laws (Reese and Loughlin 221). A few of the findings in the study showed the divisions in genders
by the following: barred wives from voting and holding offices, limitations of workable hours for
women, and other biased ordinances (Reese and Loughlin, 222). The Tulsa World editorial attacked
the joint report published by the Oklahoma Human Rights Commission and the Governor's Advisory
Commission on the Status of Women; The report drew light to the under representation of the three
minority groups, which are the following: women, racial, and ethnic (Reese and Loughlin, 222).
Support grew for the editorial stances that opposed the changing roles of women, but supported
equal pay (Reese and Loughlin, 222). The gender biased culture was reinforced by the biased
regulations on women within Oklahoma throughout the 1970s (Reese and Loughlin, 222).
Conservative values influenced the development of Oklahoma grew more support during the battle
against the ERA in the

Equal Rights Amendment Argument
The Boundless Push for the Equal Rights Amendment
The progress that lead to the ratification process of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), in 1972,
began over a century earlier. The advocates for women's rights began their efforts in 1848 at the first
Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York , where a meeting of 300 men and women
was held which called for justice for women in a society that limited their privileges. By 1900,
women had gained the right to keep their earnings and own property. By 1920, they had gained the
right to vote. By 1963, women were paid equally to men for completing the same work. In 1964, the
Civil Rights Amendment was passed and outlawed discrimination based on gender, religion, and
race. In 1972, Title IX ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Equal Rights Amendment stated, "Equality of rights under the law shall not be abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of sex." Schlafly, and her Stop ERA movement, were
strongly opposed to this societal change. In Schlafly's speech, What's Wrong with 'Equal Rights' for
Women?, in 1972, she vocalized that, "Of all the classes of people who ever lived, the American
woman is the most privileged. We have the most rights and rewards, and the fewest duties. Our
unique status is the result of a fortunate combination of circumstances." The anti–equal rights group
believed that the ERA would lead women away from the support of their husbands, overturn privacy
rights, send women into combat, uphold abortion rights and same–sex marriages, and ultimately
leave women with less rights than before. Phyllis Schlafly and Stop ERA supporters believed that
the ERA was morally impractical because it would eliminate the traditional role of a female in
society. Despite Schlafly's speeches, feminists and pro–ERA supporters continued to push for equal
rights and finally, on March 22, 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment passed the U.S. Senate and then
the House of Representatives and continued to the states in order to be ratified. In order for the ERA
to be added to the Constitution, it needed approval from thirty–eight of the fifty states within the
span of seven–years. After the seven years, only thirty–five states had approved the amendment,
falling three states short of ratification. This lack in support was influenced by Schlafly's anti
abortion and gay rights opinions after delegates and female protesters began to support taxpayer
funding of abortions and a new gay rights agenda. People who supported equality of

The Timeline Of The Equal Rights Amendment
In 1921, women were granted suffrage, but suffragists were still hungry for more. Knowing that the
right to vote would not eliminate sex discrimination in America, Alice Paul wrote the Equal Rights
Amendment to step closer to equality. After half a century of struggle, women in America are still
fighting for rights that men were given to when they were born. Even though women are just as
intelligent, capable and hardworking as men, if not more, they are not considered an equal under the
U.S. Constitution. Can you believe that today, in the 21st century, we still degrade women and treat
them as inferiors to men? Can you believe that just because you are a woman, you are less than
equal to the male population? Look around you, all those boys and girls are not equal to each other
under our "just" country's laws. As it is long overdue, the Equal Rights Amendment should be
ratified because there is no other amendment that talks about sex discrimination, it would eliminate
any inequality in regards to sex, and it would make the judicial stance on sex discrimination cases
much clearer.
Timeline of ERA
The Equal Rights Amendment is a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution that declares the
"Equality of rights under the law shall not be abridged by the United States or by any State on
account of sex." To propose an amendment, ⅔ of both the Houses need to vote. To ratify an
amendment, ¾ of state legislatures need to agree. In 1972, Congress passed the ERA and approved it
for

Rights Of The First Amendment
Rights of the First Amendment
Countless Americans today don't appreciate our nations bill of rights that our founding fathers
included into our nation's constitution protects our own rights. Of all the 10 amendments in the bill
of rights the 1st amendment protects our personal rights the most. The first amendment established
the right for all Americans to have the freedom of religion, speech, and the press. This amendment
essentially forbids the government from restricting an citizen from its own free exercise of religion,
impeding one's right of freedom of speech, and to restrict the freedoms of the press. In this essay I
will talk about why this amendment is so important to American citizens rights.
The first amendment is important in many

Equal Rights Amendment Research Paper
BACKGROUND INFO ABOUT WHAT THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT IS:
In recent discussions of equal rights, a controversial issue is whether it means the equal treatment
between women or men or equity. On one hand, according to the Equal Rights Amendment article
found in Issues by John R, Vile most Equal Rights Amendments also known as ERA propose three
parts to it. Section one which states "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged
by the US or any state on account of sex". Section two which instructs "gives congress enforcement
power and finally section three which calls for a transitional period of two years after its ratification.
EQUAL TREATMENT:
On the other hand, the only thing that the amendment calls for is no discrimination ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there are approximately 2.1 million Americans held in prisons and local jails
(infographic). According to Darryl Paulson a professor of government states that "3.9 million
Americans (1 in 50) can't vote". At least 13 states ban ex–felons from voting. States have such long
processes for prisoners to obtain their right to vote again. For example, in Florida, according to
Darryl, felons must wait seven years after serving their sentences before seeking restoration of their
voting rights. It currently takes nine more years to complete the review afterwards. People such as
Congressmen Thomas Feeney of Florida say that "choosing lawmakers is a privilege, one that
society has a right to bestow selectively". However, Studies have shown that felons who earn the
right to vote are far less likely to return to prison. If people want equal rights, why can't prisoners
have them

Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment, which was introduced in 1923, was a movement for women's rights
that ultimately lasted until 1982. The Equal Rights Amendment is discussed in our textbook,
America, A Concise Theory, on page 898. This particular site was chosen because it comes directly
from the website dedicated to the history of the Equal Rights Amendment. The amount of
informative content and photos was also a factor in choosing this website. Although there were
several interesting facts in the articles, three stuck out to me the most. The first interesting piece of
information was the amount of effort it took to allowing equal voting rights. In 1848, Elizabeth
Cady Stanton and another woman, Lucretia Motts, gathered over 300 people for a two day meeting
to bring attention to the lack of equality. After several resolutions were passed fairly easily, equality
in voting still proved to be a problem. Twenty four years later in 1972, Susan B. Anthony was
arrested, convicted and fined for trying to cast a ballot in the election. Stanton, Motts and Anthony
all pioneered the way for women to work towards equality in voting, but all died before they ever
had a chance to cast their own votes. The second interesting fact of the articles was how the 19th
Amendment passed. At the start of the 20th century, the 19th Amendment, which is women's rights
to vote, seemed to be making major progress. More than half of the required states ratified the
amendment within the first year,

The Equal Rights Amendment : The Consequences Of The Equal...
Ellen DeGeneres states, "I'm not an activist; I don't look for controversy. I'm not a political person,
but I'm a person with compassion. I care passionately about equal rights. I care about human rights.
I care about animal rights."("Ellen DeGeneres Quotes."). Ellen is a popular television host that isn't
afraid to express her opinion to the public. She knows that people do not need to have a high
education in equality to understand the every person deserves to be seen and treated equally. People
can still take a stand and make a difference simply by supporting a cause. Imagine being
discriminated against for something one cannot control, such as their sex. Many people had faced
this, until someone decided to take charge. The Equal rights Amendment was supposed to protect
oneself from this type of discrimination. A lot has had to happen just to get this amendment up and
running to be introduced. The equal rights Amendment has a long history and can be linked to many
famous writings, which makes it easily relatable to almost everyone. The Equal Rights Amendment
was formed to combat legal sex discrimination. The act seeks to end discrimination between women
and men in terms of property, divorce, and employment rates along with many other matters. Many
supporters of the ERA marched, rallied, and committed acts of civil disobedience just to show
awareness, but little did many know they were part taking in a historical continuum in the fight for
equality (Francis, Roberta W.).

The Civil Rights Movement And The Equal Rights Amendment
During the 20th century, male and females were not being treated equally a lot of women started
getting mad because they weren't getting jobs or the right to vote as men, so it led to the Civil Rights
Movement, the Equal Rights Amendment was involved, because women weren't treated equally or
given the same rights as males. The Civil RIghts Movement was when there was a lot of racism and
black and white people weren't given the same rights, it was unfair to the black because they
couldn't do so many things like vote and also there was sex discrimination. In 1923, Alice Paul,
leader and founder of the National Woman's Party, considered that ERA should be the next step in
the 19th Amendment in granting equal justice under the law to both sexes, male and female, in the
U.S. Alice Paul said " We women of America tell you that America is not a democracy. Twenty
million women are denied the right to vote." A text from the amendment said "Equal of rights under
the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." The
Equal Rights Amendment was created to give equal rights to both female and male because they
weren't getting treated equally. Women didn't have the same rights as males, one of them was voting
and during that time it was a really big problem in the U.S. Also, because there was so much sex
discrimination like females weren't getting the respect they should and they would treat them so bad,
because women couldn't vote, own

The History Of The Equal Rights Amendment
The history of the Equal Rights Amendment can be closely related to women's rights advocacy, that
started toward the very beginning of the history of the United States dating back to the days of
Abigail Adams. The United States constitution had been first interpreted as rights granted to certain
white males, leaving other majority groups suppressed and working for equal rights.
In 1923, the Equal Rights Amendment was introduced to congress. Since then, the amendment was
introduced to every session of congress until it passed and reworded in 1972. The proposed 27th
Amendment now reads: Section I. Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States by any state on account of sex. Section II. The Congress shall

The Bill Of Rights : The Amendment Rights
1 . Introduction In 1791, the Bill of Rights was created to specify the individual rights of every
human being. Madison James is the creator of the 10 Amendments, he believed it was necessary to
create the document to further explain what the Constitution will provide for each person. The Bill
of Rights gives every citizen the right to freedom of religion, freedom of speech, as well as the
freedom of the press, and lastly the due process rights. This document was formed when the
Constitution in 1789 was drafted. Federalist viewed the Bill of Rights as an unnecessary document
that the Anti–federalist wanted in order to feel safe in knowing what the Constitution was really
about and what was entitled to them. The 9th Amendment assures you cannot be denied certain
rights, even if you 're not told your rights you still have them. The 9th amendment stated the
following, " the enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights, shall not be constructed to deny or
disparage others retained by the people." This amendment grants you the rights that were not
specified in the first 8 Amendments. For example, you have the right to have an abortion and you
won 't get in trouble because it 's not illegal. This amendment was created to limit the power of the
government over every individual. This is important for everyone so they aren 't taken advantage. In
1965, "Griswold v. Connecticut," a supreme court case about the use of birth control. Planned
Parenthood League of

Women's Rights : Alice Paul And The Equal Rights Amendment
Throughout history, women have not been treated the same as men. This was not only limited to
gender roles without in the home, they did not have the same rights in society as their male
counterparts. In the 1900s, women and men fought to guarantee equal rights for both genders by
adding an amendment to the U.S constitution. This process would prevent discrimination against
both men and women, and would give women certain rights for the first time in American history.
There were several people who played important roles in the passing of the Equal Rights
Amendment (ERA), but Alice Paul had the most influential impact. Paul and the ERA are lesser
known products of the Civil Rights Movement, but without their contributions, women today would
not be treated the same as men. For these important people and many more is way women have the
right to vote and the same rights as men.
Alice Paul, and many other brave women, suffered through not having equal rights and eventually
became fed up with being treated as lesser humans. This push for equal rights began in Seneca Falls,
NY in 1923. The amendment was written to guarantee equal rights to women and men, and was
presented to Congress for approval. In 1972 congress approved the equal rights of men and women
sending the text to states for approval. In 1983 the ratification expired and only 35 states had voted
for all women and men having equal rights. The Era fell of 38 states for the requirement of the
amendments to be added

Pupil Rights Amendment
In our new world of technology, substance abuse, mental health, and sexual practices are being
discussed in the news, television, radio, social media and even in school. Parents cannot control
what their children are learning outside their home as well as what is being taught in school. Hence,
the law provides the rights of parents and student that governs sensitive topics that are being
conducted in school. The "Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA) (20 U>S>C $ 1232h; 34
CFR Part 98) was enacted in 1978, and applies to student surveys, instructional materials or
evaluations funded by the federal government that deal with highly sensitive issues." Under the
(PPRA), "Parents have the right of written consent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are giving their trust to all the teachers and faculties with the hopes and beliefs that these
individuals will help in the upbringing of their children. Hence, the parent's rights and trusts have
been put in questioned and violated once again in some school districts in the U.S. For instance,
there was another incident happened at Memorial Middle School (MMS) in Fitchburg, MA. that
students were required to complete the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) which asks explicit
questions about sexual practices, substance abuse, and mental health without their parents'
knowledge. As mentioned in this article, the U.S Supreme Court has ruled that, "the child is not the
mere creature of the state and that the right of parents to make decisions concerning the care,
custody and control of their children are a fundamental liberty interest protected by the U.S
Constitution." This incident that was happened in Memorial Middle School (MMS), Fitchburg MA.
was conducted against the Supreme Court as well as the Protection of Pupils Right Amendment law.
Generally, those parents who send their children to school believed that school teaches many things
as well

2nd Amendment Rights
"All men are created equal," a true statement or false hope? Liberty, Democracy, Rights, Equality,
and Opportunity. are all outlined in the Declaration of Independence as goals set for America.
However, it is debated today if America has lived up to the Ideals. It is more evident that America
has not lived up to the Ideals expressed, especially those of Rights, Equality, and Opportunity. As
the government increases gun control laws, Americans feel as if their 2nd Amendment Right is
being compromised. Some American citizens believe they are being denied things because they are
considered un–Equal. Lastly, gay couples believe they deserve the same opportunities given to
straight couples. "We hold these truths to be self–evident, that all men ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in Colorado, a bakery refused to sell a gay couple a wedding cake. The gay couple,
who felt discriminated against, also felt as if they were not being given the same opportunities as a
straight couple, who the bakery would have happily made a cake for. This also relates to placard M,
The Civil Rights Movement, because African Americans were being segregated from others. They
felt as if they had no way of doing what they wanted to do or say. Many other examples of include
students trying to attend colleges. College can be expensive, so families and students must deal with
the hardships of trying to pay. It is believed that all schools should teach students, no matter if they
can pay tuition or not. This relates to placard L, The Fifties, because will the $100 billion saved by
Americans, they were able to build new homes and upgrade schools. This allowed more
opportunities for students to become

Essay On The Equal Rights Amendment
Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman wrote the Equal Rights Amendment. The ERA is an amendment to
the United States Constitution created to guarantee equal rights amongst all citizens disregarding the
sex. It specifically states "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any state on account of sex". The ERAs purpose was to end the legal distinctions
between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters. In 1923, the
amendment was introduced for the first time in Congress by the National Women's Party and since
then has brought up many conversations about men and women's equality.
During the process of trying to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment there were certain people who
were huge supporters of the amendment and others who were eager to prevent it from happening.
During the 1970's and 1980's, there were many different feminist groups in New Orleans, such as
the National Organization for Women or NOW, the Independent Women's Organization or IWO, and
the Women's Liberation Coalition or WLC. NOW and IWO were categorized to be more of the
liberal groups, whereas the WLC was the more radical collective group. In 1966, feminist Betty
Friedan co–founded NOW. This organization was an aspire for women, to bring them "into the
mainstream of American society now [in] fully equal partnership with men." Friedan was also
homophobic. She referred to lesbians as the "lavender menace", and warned NOW chapters not

The Amendment And The Rights Amendment
Possibly the most conversational amendment to every make it's way through the Senate and the
House was the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972. The Equal Rights Amendment was, "introduced
through the twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, and sixties without success" (Schneir, 369). Various
organizations such as the National Woman's Party (those who proposed it), National Organization
for Women, the Women's Department of the United Auto Workers, and many other feminists worked
most if not all of their lives to pass this specific amendment. In the early 1970's, the House approved
the amendment by a large ratio of 354 to 23. Additionally, in 1972, the Senate also passed the
amendment by another shocking ratio of 84 to 8. Unfortunately, the amendment did not pass by its
deadline of June 30th, 1982 by only thirty–five states approving it for ratification by at least thirty–
eight states (Schneir, 370). There were various reasons why the amendment did not pass, and
Miriam Schneir discussed several of these in the section Equal Rights Amendment in the book
Feminism in Our Time. Though the Equal Rights Amendment had various dedicated supporters
working to pass it, it also had several Anti–Equal Rights Amendment working to make sure it DID
NOT pass. One key figure in this Anti–Equal Rights Amendment was Phyllis Schlafly. Schlafly
argued that the passing of the Equal Rights Amendment would cause there to be a boom in the
creation of unisex bathrooms. She argued that bathrooms

Pros And Cons Of The Equal Rights Amendment Essay

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