Foucault, Consumerism, And Identity

Foucault, Consumerism, and Identity
Foucault, Consumerism, and Identity
Michel Foucault presents those revolutionary sorts of analyses that are rich not only for their content but for their implications and novel
methodological approach. Just beyond the surface of his works lies such philosophical wealth that one can be overwhelmed by considerations of which
vein to mine first, and what to make of the elements therefrom extracted. I've broken earth in several attractive sites this last week. Some, it seemed,
hid their treasures too deep for the scope of this excavation. Some presented me with granite barriers which I do not yet have the tools to penetrate. At
other sites, the earth gave way easily and I made great progress, only to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the average person could not take themselves as an object, they had to rely on that Other who does have himself as object (the sovereign) to
tell them who they are, and what their relationship is to him, since he is capable of knowing both at once, and thus of comparing. The Classical age
saw an increased interest by the ruling classes, and the emerging intellectual class,2[2] in the affairs of the productive classes. The realisation of the
significance of microphysical power is parallelled by the establishment of the subject as the final authority on belief (Luther), the foundation of
knowledge (Descartes), and the establisher of rights (Locke). These ideas gave power to masses who had hitherto seen themselves as having none
(hardly having "seen themselves" at all), and fuelled the Age of Revolutions. The Classical discovery of the individual led, by the Romantic period, to
its exaltation. The belief in individual power and rights created a demand not only for access to the privileges previously enjoyed only by the elite
(such as say in the direction of society), but also for comparable narrative distinctiveness.
As the romantics idealised the life of peasants, and socialists proclaimed the rights of workers, common folk began to see their images in culture.
Individual enshrinement remained the
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The Class About Benedict Spinoza 's Ethics
Riley Fichter
COMM 101, Sec. 33
October 7th, 2014
My goal is to inform the class about Benedict Spinoza's Ethics: Part One.
My central idea is how Spinoza's idea of God brings a new perspective on existence to those who take the time to listen.
Spinoza's Ethics and You
I.Introduction
A.What is the truth behind the universe?
B.Many people have asked themselves this question over the course of history.
C.Today, however, I am going to focus in on one individual and explore his work around this subject: Benedict de Spinoza.
D.Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher of the 17th century, and was considered a rationalist, or someone who mainly uses reason in their pursuit of
knowledge and understanding, and, especially in Spinoza's case, applied ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.As a result, substances are also self–caused, as no two substances can exist at the same time, nor can a substance create another substance.
When something is created by something else, the original object's knowledge would depend and be determined by its creator, and would thus be
unable to be a substance, as it is now dependent.
3.Substances are characterized by their attributes, or what one's intellect perceives as a way of defining that substance's essence
Attributes are not outright accurate ways of defining a substance, but instead act as way to conceptualize a substance in many different ways.
4.Now that we can conceptualize a substance, we can now attempt to understand Spinoza's idea that there is only one substance. (TRANSITION)
B.Spinoza argues that there can only be one substance.
1.We do not generally perceive substances, but we instead perceive modes.
Modes are things that depend upon something else for its existence, in this case a substance.
All things that exist within the universe are modes.
This means that you and I are modes of one substance, reflecting some of its infinite attributes.
2.The reason why we cannot perceive the one substance is because that one substance has and infinite number of attributes, which express an infinite
essence, and thus becomes the encompassing "everything." (air quotes)
3.The "everything" we perceive are the modes of the one substance, and thus shows how there

Posttructitalism And Postcolonialism
Although theory may have a reputation for being disconnected from reality, it is grounded in everyday thinking that helps us plan and understand the
actions we take in our everyday social lives (Sears, 2010, pp. 16–17). Accordingly, theories like poststructuralism attempt to explain these aspects of
human society. In this paper, after explaining the origins and major tenets of poststructuralism, I will argue that a poststructural lens is most conducive
to a critical analysis of the causes and effects of oppression. I will demonstrate this by discussing how discourses produce and maintain power relations,
how the effects of these oppressive relations are channeled through a complex network of power, and how deconstruction offers pathways for
challenging oppression. Poststructuralism Poststructuralism is derived from the theoretical work of Ferdinand de Saussure, a structural linguist who
argued that language does not simply reflect reality, but constructs the things it describes (Healy, 2005, p. 197). Poststructuralism differs from other
postmodernist theories in that it is primarily concerned with the influence of language on power, knowledge and identity (Healy, 2005, p. 197). In
contrast, postmodernism is moreover concerned with rejecting modernist "truths," such as rationality being the way to progress (Healy, 2005, p. 197).
Yet another post theory, postcolonialism is focused on interrogating and responding to the legacies of European colonization (Healy, 2005, p. 198).

Foucault Dimension Of Power
Power is usually defined as the ability to achieve a desired outcome, i.e. to 'do' something. The concept of power is normally defined of by the
legislature in a rational sense, having power over others. There are three dimensions of power: decision making power, non–decision–making power
and power as thought control (Buse et al 2005). Foucault's view on power is one which extends across several different sites; gender, race and
sexuality. Observing power in contemporary society as "disciplinary" incorporates hierarchical observation, normalizing judgement, and examination to
measure every individual's deviation from a societal norm. For Foucault power in contemporary society manifests itself on an individual level
characterized by the techniques of bio and disciplinary power, in a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Foucault noted development in the nature of punishment, a change in the content of punishment and he also noted a wider change taking place in the
context of widespread social order. As aforementioned, Foucault noticed a development in the nature of punishment, this is underlined by his
understanding that punishment passed on from torture to imprisonment. The shift in the content of punishment is symbolized by Bentham's vision of a
panopticon because it's an example where prisoners are aware they are unsure whether they are always under surveillance and spend the day duly in
their cells; isolation is torture of the soul, and lastly Foucault also notes a 'broader change in the social order, (1997, pp. 216–217.) Mathiesen argued
that, 'the movement towards the panoptical form was not only a characteristic feature of the modern prison. A new kind of society was implied in the
transformation' (p. 217). The change in social order being exemplified by the

The Five Bases Of Power And Personal Power
Introduction Power in the social dimension is simply the capacity to bring about certain intended consequences in the behaviour of others (Gardner,
1993). So, who have a power and control it? French and Raven (1959) purposed five bases of the power and divided to position power and personal
power. Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (Northouse, 2010). How can the
leader use their power and influence the subordinate with a great outcome during achieve goals and what tacit used by the power controller used also
who is the power broker make a power collapsed.
Power
Even a teacher, parents, police, manager or professor, they are using different kind of power influence. Hence, the power used by the leader when
he forces the team to achieve the goals, that's called position power. Legitimate, reward and coercive power are five bases of power. The
information power was added in 1965 proposed by Raven . Personal power can be a person uses the knowledge or experience to get the job done.
Lunenburg (2012) mentioned great leader make things happen by utilizing personal power. There are expert and referent power.
I.Legitimate Power
This type is very common when the power controller access the power. The other name of this power called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is the most common influence in the workplace. Instrumental strategies are a routine feature of everyday life (Hough and Maffei, 2013.). In case,
many hotel will motivate the staff with this strategy, such as the board of hotel expected the hotel increased the net profit 8% more than last fiscal
year. If they can reach the target, all staff can get the year– end bonus and extra bonus at the same time. Otherwise, the year– end bonus will deduct to
half. Due to day to day operations can affect the sales of hotel and related to the result so they will involve more and

The House Of The Scorpion: An Analysis
In the excerpt "On the Doctrine of the Feeling of Power", it reads, "An easy prey is something contemptible for proud natures; they take delight
only at the sight of unbroken persons who could become their enemies". I do not agree with Nietzsche's ideas on power, for his philosophy seems to be
"keep your friends close and your enemies closer". My ideas on power are more so like El Patron's ideas from The House of the Scorpion. In the book,
The House of the Scorpion, El Patron's ideas on power are as follows, "Get rid of your enemies when you can." These two quotes are distinctly
different. Personally, I agree more with El Patron's take on power, for due to personal experiences, my thoughts are that ones who seek power do not
take delight... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some examples of Nietzsche's philosophy found today are the elections. Candidates running for office are seeking power. Power is obtained from
others, and the candidates are attempting to receive power from voters. Nietzsche writes, "We hurt those to whom we need to make our power
perceptible... We benefit and show benevolence toward those who already depend on us in some way. The candidates who are running, "attack" the
other candidates in order to show that they are above or better then them, and they show compassion towards voters to show "this is how great of a
person I am". Another example found in today's society is companies and their advertisements. In advertisements, once again comparing present–day to
Nietzsche's philosophy, the different companies think of each other as competition, and therefore criticize one another's faults to make the consumer
see why they should choose them. An example of Nietzsche's philosophy found in The House of the Scorpion is how Tom was so focused on
Matt's faults. Tom would reveal much of Matt's flaws and imperfections to Maria, so that he would seem like the "better choice". One example of
this shown in the text is when Tom lured Matt and Maria to the hospital and revealed the Macgregor's clone. Tom opened up the doors and said
scornfully, "It's not a boy... It's a clone." This was to show Maria that Matt was not an actual boy, but a filthy creature

Knowledge And Power In Coetzee's Waiting For The Barbarians
Knowledge and power are two metaphysical notions that play important roles within society. Power is demonstrated through physical or mental
prowess but the power of knowledge is greater as it directs action through thinking. This ability to think allows for plans to come to fruition after
meticulous planning, which makes knowledge man's greatest weapon to overpower his fellow man. French philosopher, Michel Foucault realized the
correlation between the two, stating, "Power and knowledge are not seen as independent entities but are inextricably related – knowledge is always an
exercise of power and power always a function of knowledge" ("Michel Foucault"). J.M. Coetzee illustrates the theory in Waiting for the Barbarians as
the colonial Empire encroaches on native lands through its use of propaganda. In Coetzee's novel, the relationship between knowledge and power is
evident through the corrupted Empire's manipulation of its denizens to wage war against the barbarians which relates to Foucault's theory of the
correlation between power and knowledge.
The Magistrate expresses confusion and perplexity when encountering Colonel Joll due to his sunglasses, and their ability to cut off human
connection. When first laying eyes on the Colonel, the Magistrate asks himself: "Is he blind? I could understand if he wanted to hide blind eyes. But
he is not blind. The discs are dark, they look opaque from the outside, but he can see through them" (Coetzee 1). The key idea within this

Black Mirror By Michel Foucault's View On Modern Society
he "15 Million Merits" episode of Black Mirror elucidates the view on discipline of cited humanities scholar Michel Foucault in its futuristic take on
modern day society. Foucault claims that through the means of surveillance and observation, a natural order will take over sophisticated societies
without much policing power. By establishing common behaviors in different settings, a high level of discipline can be achieved without effort. In
many different commonly used places like schools, factories, hospitals and prisons, a similar examination takes place among workers, patients and
prisoners, creating a similar and normal accepted behavior. In Black Mirror, the society runs smoothly without the presence of a central figure of
authority, and this directly relates to the Foucauldian view on society. The use of advanced technology all around them creates the feeling of being
watched, so with that panoptic illusion in the forefront, the behavior of the citizens follows all rules and codes of conduct. The structure and everyday
feel of the environment is seen in the opening scene where Bing is first introduced. The room he wakes up in is quite small and box–like. It has a bed
and a bathroom, and electronic screens take the places of all the walls surrounding him. The bed sheets and his entire outfit is a gray color, and after
his wakeup call recedes from the screens, the room is plunged into an all–around darkness, which adds to Bing's outwardly somber mood. He proceeds
to get

Capitalism, Marketing, and the Insidious and Covert...
Capitalism, Marketing, and the Insidious and Covert Co–optation of the Self
Subtitle: A Manifesto for Avatars 1. Introducing Avatars
AVATARA
–Sanskrit.; ava–'down', tarati–'he goes, passes beyond' literally, 'a descent', a conception described in the Bhagavad gita, 4th Teaching, 1–8
where Krishna confides: "when goodness grows weak, when evil increases, I make myself a body." (OED)
Originally referring to the incarnation of Hindu deities, avatars in the computing realms have come to mean any of the various "strap–on" visual agents
that represent the user in increasing numbers of 2 and 3D worlds. (Lonehead, ONLINE SOURCE, NO PAGE NUM)
This essay studies the covert, market driven forces at work in our choices of images ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The irony in the physical world is that we choose to wear these commodities and we willingly pay multi–national corporations for the privilege of
advertising their products. Through this transaction we express personal fantasies, achieve a fleeting sense of democracy and individual expression,
and fulfill various levels of desire.
2. Defining Avatars
The use of the term avatar to represent the self or user in the context of shared on–line Internet environments first occurs in the early 1980's with the
development of LucasFilms's Habitat project (Farmer). The term came to popular consciousness with the success of the novel SnowCrash
(Stephenson). Discussions of the nature of the avatar are often mixed with current cyborg theory. Although the avatar and the cyborg share numerous
social constructions and identity politics, in the interest of developing an understanding of the avatar, it is necessary to distinguish it from its cousin,
the cyborg.
2.1. The Human Enhanced
The term cyborg was coined in 1960 with the appearance of "Cyborgs in Space" by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. Clynes and Kline argued
that altering man's bodily functions to meet the requirements of extraterrestrial environments was more logical than providing a controlled

environment for him in space. Their "self–regulating artifact–organism" (Clynes and Kline 31–33) would be free to explore

The Mood For Love, Urban Space, And Post Modernity
In The Mood For Love, Urban Space, and Post Modernity Wong Kar Wai's Fa Yeung Nin Wa (2000), translated to In The Mood For Love, is an
opening to the new millennium and homage to past genres of filmmaking. Deeply rooted in emotion and nostalgia, In The Mood For Love reads as a
waltz throughout the entirety of the film. Set in 1962 Hong Kong, journalist Chow Mo–wan moves to the city with his wife, who is often away on
business. He befriends a woman who lives in his apartment complex, Su Li–Zhen (referred to Ms. Chan in the film) who mirrors his loneliness and
marital strife. Ironically, Ms. Chan's husband is also often away from business, and both realize their partners are having an affair with their respective
spouses.
Su and Chow begin a fantasy relationship with one another, pretending to be each other's spouse reenacting how their partners could have gotten
together. The protagonists constantly push each other's boundaries of propriety; their combined desire for affection is an extension of the abandonment
they feel from their spouses. Simultaneously a simulacrum of love and a reflection of genuine yearning, they imitate a relationship and inevitably fall
for one another, but fear that they'll stoop to the infidelity of their partners. Wong Kar Wai's film is a statement about individual realities and how
people reflect on an unattainable past, as well as an exploration of physical and emotional confinement that accompany abandonment. In The Mood For
Love is a

How Is Power Portrayed In The Right Of Death By Michael...
In his book, Michael Foucault discusses the history of sexuality and the way in which power and knowledge have played a role in the "repression"
of sexuality. Despite historical statements, Michael disagrees with the fact that power solely serves the purpose of repression. Rather he argues
how power and knowledge are both repressive and productive. In regards to power, in Part 5 of his book, Foucault contrasts two claims of power.
They are "Right of Death" and "Power over Life." These were privileges of power where the one in power was able to regulate and control what was
going on in their society. The Right of Death discussed the idea that if one were to commit any criminal act against the person in power, then they
would be punished

Georges Gilles De La Tourette's Syndrome Analysis
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, commonly known as Tourette's syndrome, was named after a French neurologist, Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette.
Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder that causes involuntary movements and vocalization more commonly known as tics. Georges Gilles de la
Tourette first diagnosed Tourette's syndrome to an 86–year–old French woman in 1885. Since then, researchers still have not found a concrete cause
for Tourette's syndrome. Even though they have not found a direct cause for Tourette's syndrome, they have chosen some possibilities to further
research. The points that they focus on are abnormalities in brain regions, the connection of the regions and the neurotransmitters responsible for
communication. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tics can range from an eye twitch to vocalization such as coprolalia, which is when someone mumbles inappropriate words such as cursing. Tics
are split into two categories, motor and vocal. These tics can range from simple, minor, to more complex, more obvious. Simple motor tics are
harder to distinguish because they are slight movements such as eye twitching and blinking, shoulder shrugging, jerking and face grimacing.
Complex motor tics are a combination of tics that include, a face grimace paired up with shoulder shrugging and a head twist. In addition, considered
complex motor tics may seem purposeful such as hopping and jumping around or touching and picking up objects. Simple vocal tics may include
relatively normal sounds such as clearing of the throat and grunting and sniffling. Vocal tics that are considered complex include words and phrases.
More severe and disabling motor tics are punching oneself or physically harming oneself. Severe and disabling vocal tics are known as coprolalia,
uttering inappropriate words, i.e. cursing and swearing, and echolalia, repeating what other people have said with no

The Theory Of The Birth Territory Theory Essay
The theory I selected to apply to the above situation is the Birth Territory theory. This theory was created from empirical data collected by the authors
who serve as both midwives and researchers. It has a critical post–structural feminist undertone and elaborates on the ideas of Michel Foucault. The
Birth Territory theory predicts and elaborates on the relationships between jurisdiction (use of authority and influence), terrain (the birthing
environment), and personal emotional and physiological experience by the mother. This nurse–midwifery theory was chosen because both of the major
concepts directly correlate with the incident and are critical aspects of labor and delivery situations. MAYBE ELABORATE A diagram of the Birth
Territory theory can be seen in Appendix A. Key concepts included in this theory are terrain and jurisdiction. Sub–concepts listed under terrain include '
'surveillance room' and sanctum'. Sub–concepts listed under jurisdiction include 'midwifery guardianship', 'integrative power', 'midwifery domination',
and 'disintegrative power'. 'Terrain' signifies the aspects of the birth environment. These include physical and geographical features such as the birthing
furniture, as labor and birthing accessories, and personal support systems (birthing partner). 'Terrain' includes two sub–concepts: 'sanctum' and
'surveillance room'. A 'sanctum' is a homely birthing environment optimally designed to promote a private, healthy labor and birth. Amenities included

The Concepts Of Power In Michel Foucault, Knowledge And Power
Discourses have a different set of meanings, metaphors, images and stories so that together it can create a version of events and representing it in a
certain structural form. Discourses make us see the world in a certain way. Each discourse has a different story about the topic in question and shows a
different way of representing the topic to the world. Discourses have another suggestion for what we do every day. Discourses claim that truth and
knowledge are not important and is the centre of the discussion of identity, power and change. There is a notion 'attitude'. Attitude is a dispositional
model that is used in the discipline of psychology and opinions. Michel Foucault was a French philosopher and has a background in psychology. He
was interested in how knowledge and power were used as a shape of social control through institutions. Discourses displays our knowledge of the
world. In Foucault's view, knowledge and power goes together as a pair. There is a close relationship betweendiscourse, knowledge and power; this
becomes clear through social practices. An individual's understanding of the relationship between power and knowledge is that knowledge can raise
an individual's power. In Foucault's eyes, knowledge is connected closely with power. 'What it is possible for one person to do to another, under what
rights and obligations, is given by the version of events currently taken as knowledge. Therefore, the power to act in particular ways, to claim
resources, to

The History Of Sexuality, Volume 1, By Michel Foucault
In Part V of The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, Michel Foucault documents the historical shift from a sovereign power concentrated in death to a
normalized, institutionalized regulation of life focused in part on the control of sexuality. He argues that this movement marks not only a
reconceptualization of the living subject as a valuable source of both labor and production but also a new political interest in sex as a site of
surveillance, classification, and management. Individuals in the contemporary social order define themselves and are defined through their relation to
sex and sexuality, so while sex might feel "taboo" and thus appear to subvert social control, it in fact operates within a hegemonic system of meaning
and thus... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sex, then, represents a significant locus of power because: "It fitted in both categories at once, giving rise to infinitesimal surveillances, permanent
controls, extremely meticulous orderings of space, indeterminate medical or psychological examinations, to an entire micro–power concerned with the
body. But it gave rise as well to comprehensive measures, statistical assessments, and interventions aimed at the entire social body or at groups taken
as a whole. Sex was a means of access both to the life of the body and the life of the species." (146) The movement from "a symbolic of blood to an
analytics of sexuality" (148)–from a power concentrated in death to one concentrated in life–resulted in an increased concern with naming and
documenting individual presentations of sexuality, in part because sex provided, and continues to provide, a way to access both the life of an
individual and the life of a population. In contemporary society, power operates not only through the surveillance and categorization of sexualities, but
also through a valorization of the act of sex as a key component to identity formation. Though Western culture often conceives of sex as "natural," and
thus divorced from the politics of power, Foucault argues that "sex is the most speculative, most ideal, and most internal element in a deployment of
sexuality organized by power" (155). What

Foucault: Power, Knowledge, And Religion
Foucault: Power, Knowledge, and Religion 1) What does Foucault mean by power, tactics, discourse, and power–knowledge? Foucault says that people
cannot make formulated, definitive understandings about social knowledge and then write them down in journals as law. The motives of this
knowledge, therefore. must be universal. For Foucault, this motive is power, but Foucault never says this directly. He says power is "a grid of
intelligibility of the social order" (HIS 93) while knowledge is the same thing. Foucault says that it is in discourse that power and knowledge are
joined together (HIS 100) Foucault also states, "Discourses are tactical elements or blocks operating in the field of force relations." (HIS 101–102) 2)
What does Foucault

The Influence Of Architecture And Design On Society
Throughout this essay, I am going to explore how architecture and design can be a mechanism which is able to influence the public and have a
control over society. On a daily basis, society is continuously being subconsciously impacted and some may say controlled by factors of architecture
and design such as propaganda buildings, public spaces, objects, graphics, films and advertisement. I am going to investigate into how each of these
aspects may have subliminal messages within them and what effect this may have on individuals and the general public. It is also important to
recognise why certain people react to certain manners of architecture and design and how this may have changed over the years. Human behaviour in
society is undoubtedly influenced by the creation and construction of the environments they live, work and socialise in. People, subconsciously, tend to
live their lives precisely linked to the way the environments they are living within are designed. Factors, like objects and graphics – such as billboard
advertisements, in these environments also have an effect on society and how people behave. Architecture and design have the power to encourage
people to communicate with one another, they have the power inspire people to explore different aspects of their cities and/or countries. They can
encourage someone to become more active, through clever thought and form. Architecture and design have the ability to influence the behaviour of
people in prisons, hospitals,

Analysis Of Tourette's Syndrome
What is Tourette's syndrome to be exact it is viewed as a neurological disease in which a person experiences uncontrollable tics, or movements
these can be both motor and verbal tics. It was first recognized as an illness around the year of 1885 by Dr. George Gilles, the first patient was said
to be over 80 years old. Tourette's is most likely to be diagnosed in men than women the odds are 3 times more likely in a man's favor. It is estimated
that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of TS. (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2014). Tourette's syndrome to be
diagnosed by a doctor most of them will not even consider the diagnosis in a patient until they have been dealing with the tics or uncontrollable
movements or

Priest Research Papers
According to WoWWiki.com the definition of a priest says that they are very devoted to their spiritual belief. They are masters in healing
themselves and their allies. Priest are known as the best healing class in the whole game. The priest is known to be very fun avatars to play with
because they have special utility spells such as mind control, levitation, and mind vision, you do not usually use these things during combat but they
are cool things to play around with. A priest has many advantages. Such as being one of the most important roles in your group. Mainly because they
are in charge of healing the members that die in the group, but if your group gets wiped out the blame pretty much get brought back on you. You get a
lot of respect from the others in your group if... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being a shadow consists of a darker side of a priest, it mostly focuses on the damage the spell puts out. Discipline focuses on the inner strength of
your character. And for the holy talent helps you become a better healer, they do great in larger environments with many heals because they can
heal a large amount of people. When you first start playing (in the early levels) the priest is a vulnerable avatar. The world of warcraft beginners
guide talks about the three different talents as well. It says the discipline priest balance their healing and spell casting which can help for the
damage or healing they need. The holy priest are the "healers' healers". They try to heal under any circumstance. And the third priest is the shadow
priest, the book says they violently diverge from the other two types of priest. They are ideal for playing solo, and love torturing the enemies before
the priest kills them. There are different professions with being a priest. You can tailor ( they can wear the cloth armor they make), mining (its a
gathering profession), first aid (needed for priest), cooking, and many

Comparison Of James Scott 's And Michel Foucault 's...
Compare and contrast James Scott's and Michel Foucault's theories of power and resistance.
In this essay I shall compare James Scott's theory of power and resistance with Michel Foucault's, as in what similarities do they share in their structure
of theories; and contrast the difference as in their understanding of power, position they take to look for/into power,exercise of power and resistance in
response. By contrasting the two approaches on the subject of power and resistance, I shall argue, if one wish to look for the powerful and the weak,
Scott's approach is the go to. But for now, I find Foucault's idea more plausible that we are surrounded by or inescapable from power, and that by any
means, are not necessarily forced to submission; rather as freedom the same time.
Firstly, I shall compare the similarities the two idea shares. Both Scott and Foucault think power is more than being a form of coercion, that power is
found in symbolic dimensions. Scott stated power and resistance can be spotted and take forms in language and discourse, that is conversation,
statement, narratives made by the dominant and subordinates, in terms of what he purposes 'public transcript' and 'hidden transcript' accordingly.
Similarly, Foucault see power as coextensive with language and discourse.
However, Scott and Foucault has very different understanding of power. Scott thinks power is something that is externally imposed on mankind's
social life, whereas Foucault thinks power is

Lacan And Foucault And The Gaze
The term "the gaze" has a general meaning that means to look at something with intent and with fixed attention. Lacan, Fanon and Foucault all use "the
gaze" in order to refer to various concepts. Lacan uses the gaze in order to refer to in instance during the mirror stage in which the subject views itself
in the mirror image. The subject then enters an anxious state that comes from the awareness from knowing that it can be viewed. Lacan argues further
that the individual then loses a level of self–sufficiency upon realising that they can be viewed as a visible object (Felluga, 2015).
The gaze has been used within social psychology for the representation of gender and sexual identity within the media. An example of this is seen when
using the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The awareness of being seen is a consequence of an unlocalizable mechanism in which he feels photographed in an undesirable manner. This is
exactly what Lacan describes as the gaze. Lacan states that the gaze is everywhere and at the same time, it is nowhere (Bleeker, 2008). The gaze
manifests itself further through its effects rather than through the source. Therefore, like Fanon, the gaze cannot be located. A difference Between
Fanon's gaze and Lacanian gaze is that Lacan's gaze places emphasis on how an individual views them self therefore it is the gaze upon one's self,
where Fanon's white gaze emphasises how we are affected by other people's gazes, most crucially how the white gaze is used in order to impose power
over black people. Fanon's gaze is also based entirely on race and how one race grouped is viewed under the gaze of another race group, which in turn
affects their identity and subjectivity, while Lacan's gaze is based on how you view yourself, for example your social

Foucault Power
The Subject and Power Author(s): Michel Foucault Source: Critical Inquiry, Vol. 8, No. 4 (Summer, 1982), pp. 777
–795 Published by: The University
of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343197 . Accessed: 26/09/2011 07:49
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The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But this analytical work cannot proceed without an ongoing conceptualization. And this conceptualization implies critical thought–a constant checking.
The first thing to check is what I shall call the "conceptual needs." I mean that the conceptualization should not be founded on a theory of the
object–the conceptualized object is not the single criterion of a good conceptualization. We have to know the historical conditions which motivate our
conceptualization. We need a historical awareness of our present circumstance. The second thing to check is the type of reality with which we are
dealing. A writer in a well–known French newspaper once expressed his surprise: "Why is the notion of power raised by so many people today? Is
Michel Foucault has been teaching at the College de France since 1970. His works include Madness and Civilization (1961), The Birth of the Clinic
(1966), Discipline and Punish (1975), and History of Sexuality (1976), the first volume of a projected five–volume study.
Critical Inquiry
Summer1982
779
it such an important subject? Is it so independent that it can be discussed without taking into account other problems?" This writer's surprise amazes
me. I feel skeptical about the assumption that this question has been raised for the first time in the twentieth century. Anyway, for us it is not only a
theoretical question but a part of our experience. I'd like to mention only two "pathological

Butler's Gender Trouble
We tend to think of power as laws and the act of regulating behavior. In Butler's Gender Trouble she talks about how power not only regulates but
also forms who we are as individuals. For Foucault power comes from knowledge which he discusses in The History of Sexuality. Foucault
discusses the concept of biopolitics, which links biological processes, such as the reproductive process which can be be controlled via birth control,
to economic or political power, for example when the government controls what kind of birth control is legal and acceptable and economically they
make millions of dollars on the birth control pill and condoms. Similar to biopolitics is the concept of bio–power, "...it put into operation an entire
machinery for producing true discourses concerning it. Not only did... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Foucault states that this power comes from discourse of a subject. In The History of Sexuality he focuses on the myth that sexual repression occurred
during the Victorian era. He argues that in fact sex was turned into discourse due to the occurrence of the confessional that took place in the Catholic
church. At this time the catholic churches made sex and sexual desires sinful and something that needed to be told in confession in order for the
individual to repent. Due to the need to confess people were forced to think about their desires and after confessing the priest's judgement and
language that was used turned the individual desires into discourse. This time in history was the way to sexuality becoming controlled. The
information that was gained gave power to the priests to make these individuals repent and feel sinful for having these desires. This phenomenon is
not only seen in the case of sex and sexual desires but in anything where individuals start to talk and where "professionals" take advantage of the
information and feed on the need to control how individuals see

Power Of Words In The Book Theif Markus Zusak
The Power of Words Words have the capability to save a life, but they also have the power to end one. Language, specifically words, have very
powerful means. Words are considered the most effective way to communicate. They shape our emotions, lifestyle, decisions, culture, and more. Words
have the ability to connect people, outlast, and influence opinions. Opinions and thoughts are often determined by words. Mohammed Qahtani, 2015
World Champion of Toastmasters, provides an example of this. In his speech, Mohammed said, "Do you know that the leading cause of lung cancer?
Is not actually a cigarette, it's your DNA. You could smoke for years and nothing would ever happen to you. This whole war against smoking is just to
restrict the farming of tobacco. Mr. Contest Chair, fellow... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
with a group of friends and the results five of them believe what I said, two of them started smoking" (Qahtani). Almost everyone knows that
smoking has terrible health effects, yet Mohammed was able to change people's minds about the idea of smoking, just by telling them it has no
effect. This shows how easily words can modify human's judgment. Another example of words shaping people's thoughts is in The Book Thief
Markus Zusak writes, "Yes the Fuhrer decided that he would rule the world without words. 'I will never fire a gun!' he devised. 'I will not have to'"
(Zusak 445). This quote truly shows how influential words can be, Hitler was able to get thousands of followers with his words. He used words in
such a way, he convinced many people to do horrible things, he even started a war, all with his words. Qahtani presents another example of words
influencing people when he talks about his friend, Nassar. Nassar had drug overdosed

Foucault's Power And Power
Foucault's Power (Intro) Power, what is power? Is it a thing, something that can be controlled by a person or group? Or is it an omnipresent force
with no clear distinction of what it is and what it is not? My views before being introduced to Foucault was: power is an attainable thing, but elusive.
For example, it is said one has power, if one has enough money. Another example I commonly hear is that, the government (the State, the law, police)
holds too much power. My final example is, in my opinion, power is usually viewed as a negative thing by ones that do not hold said power.Michel
Foucault, a philosopher, challenged the traditional view of power by analyzing power in a series of studies of different forms of power, such as from
his books: Madness and Civilization, Discipline and Punish, and The Order of Things to name a few. What Foucault found through his critical
observations was that the concept of power in the traditional views were too narrow and specific; not a singularity composed of only negative aspects
but also a dualism that leans much heavier on the side of positivity than vice versa and an omnipresent force (or rather relationships) that may be used
through various techniques but not owned at all.
DEFINITION OF FOUCAULT'S POWER
I will use this section to elaborate on each of the five points that according to Clare O'Farrell's, a scholar at QUT (Queensland University of
Technology in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia), "key concepts" page, on her website

Essay on A Study of Joe Christmas in Faulkner's Light in...
A Study of Joe Christmas in Light in August
Joe Christmas's eating disorder and antipathy to women's sexuality (or to the feminine) in Light in August also can be traced back to the primal scene
in the dietitian's room. However, the primal scene is not the final piece of the puzzle in the novel. The primal scene is already given as a working
condition for a further analysis of Joe's psychology. Readers are first invited to interrelate the scene and Joe's behavior in the rest of the novel.1 Yet
drawing one–to–one relations between the primal scene and Joe's symptomatic behavior merely repeats Freud's theory for its own sake. The mechanic
connection of the dots does not solve the most crucial problem of the novel, Joe's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Three wolves: the parents may have mad love three times. Two wolves: the first coupling the child may have seen was the two parents more ferarum,
or perhaps even two dogs. One wolf: the wolf is the father, as we all knew from the start. Zero wolves: he lost his tail, he is not just a castrater but also
castrated. Deleuze and Guattari, "1914: One or Several Wolves?"
Gilles Deleuze and FГ©lix Guattari problematize the number of the wolves in Freud's case study of the Wolf–Man. No matter how many wolves are in
the dream, Freud would interpret it as the same in relation with the family romance, the daddy–mommy–me triangulation. Even if it is not exactly the
Oedipal machine – as Freud in his late years has recognized its problems – to which Freud reduces every possible interpretation of the wolves, still the
oneness of the unconscious remains: in the beginning was the Sex. Freud's case study of the Wolf–Man begins with his neurotic symptoms and traces
back to the primal scene, which is believed to fill in all missing parts of the Wolf–Man's puzzling psychology at last.
Joe Christmas's eating disorder and antipathy to women's sexuality (or to the feminine) in Light in August also can be traced back to the primal scene
in the dietitian's room. However, the primal scene is not the final piece of the puzzle in the novel. The primal scene is already given as a working
condition for a further

Postscript On The Societies Of Control Society Essay
The computer, one of the icons of the information age, has become an integral part of society. Email has replaced snail mail, online videos have
replaced the tape cassette, and social media has replaced the village square. In his essay "Postscript on the Societies of Control," the French
philosopher Gilles Deleuze argues that the rise of the computer heralds the transition from a disciplinary society to a control society, where people are
no longer viewed as individuals, but as "dividuals," like data points in a system. In her book How We Became Posthuman, Katherine Hayles gives
examples of the "dividualizing" effect computers have on individuals. Deleuze's control society stands in contrast to the older disciplinary societies
outlined by another French philosopher, Michel Foucault. In his book Discipline and Punish, Foucault describes what he terms a "panopticon," a system
in which a large number of subjects are observed from a central location, knowing that they may be observed but not knowing when they are, in an
effort to induce them to self–discipline their own behavior. The panopticon forms the basis of a disciplinary society, which uses "panoptic" institutions
such as school, prisons, and hospitals to encourage individuals to conform to certain standards and norms (e.g. learned, law–abiding, healthy). In the
article "The Subject and Power", Foucault further discusses the power relationships that underlie such disciplinary societies, asserting that power in

Summary Of Guy Debord's 'Society Of The Spectacle'
Throughout history there have been many well–known philosophers. Through this paper I will be discussing the perspectives of philosophers Guy
Debord, Michel Foucault, and John Rawls. In Guy Debord's, "The Society of the Spectacle" he makes critics of technological capitalism. In Michel
Foucault's, "Power/Knowledge" he goes over different types of power and how they are interpreted.
Debord was a situationist international, which meant creating situations or creating situations. Referring to the several theses in Debord's novel I can
say that "the society of the spectacle" "...is not a collection of images; rather, it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by images"
(Derbord, 12). This shows that it is not only a result ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consumable survival must increase, in fact, because it continues to enshrine deprivation. The reason there is nothing beyond augmented survival, and
no end to its growth, is that survival itself belongs to the realm of dispossession: it may gild poverty, but it cannot transcend it (Debord, 30)." This
explains that the people are consumers of illusions; it blindsides the people from reality and only allows them to only be aware of what society or
social media wants them to know.
In Michel Foucault's, "Power/ Knowledge", there are two chapters titled "Truth and Power" and "The Eye of the Power". Foucault's conception of
power is that power is everywhere. Everyone has power and has the ability to make use of their power, but often times citizens don't make use of
their power. It seems that they are in fear of those who enforce their power already, which prevents them to make use of their power. An everyday
individual sees power to be in the hands of who the people have "chosen". We should not always think about power as the private property of
government or state, but rather as an equal common ground for all of those who share the land. It is not the state that doesn't matter, but the power is
bigger than the state; although the state has power, it does not have all power. A

Power-Knowledge In The History Of Sexuality, By Foucault
In The History of Sexuality, Volume I, Foucault introduces "power
–knowledge." The term emphasizes the intimate relationship between power and
knowledge. They are interchangeable and mutually supportive of each other. An organization of power always creates forms of knowledge and an
organization of knowledge always institutes a form of power. In this passage, Foucault is using the example of sexuality to demonstrate his theory of
"power–knowledge." Foucault claims that sexuality became a "legitimate concern of a free and disinterested scientific inquiry" only when power
established it as such. At the same time, "power was able to take it as a target" only after sexuality had been constructed through the sciences. If it
were not due to the concepts of power and knowledge mutually occurring, sexuality would never have been set into "discourse." On further reading of
Foucault, it becomes clear that he believes sexuality became an "area of investigation" during the classical age. Foucault believes four main ideas
emerged that founded perceptions of sexuality. First, the female body became highly sexualized. Second, suppressing child masturbation became an
obsession. Third,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a critical part of Foucault's theory because it demonstrates how knowledge and especially power occur as an everyday socialized phenomenon.
It is embodying. This is a revolutionary way of thinking because it assumes that everyone is responsible for discovering "truths." It is not the work of
higher order institutions controlling social behavior, which is the conventional thread of thought. It is not until these "local centers" are established,
that they become anchors for broader techniques of knowledge and strategies of power in a "higher order"

Foucault and Nietzsche on Knowledge
The concept of power should be considered with greater attention because it shows a path to which Foucault adheres, to an extent, but not to the
discharge of other pathways that contradict it. In fact, productive power comes from Foucault's idea that contradictory vision disables power against a
self–governing subject and does not understand the connection of power and its subject. What is more important, is that Foucault makes a rational
connection between knowledge and power, stating that power relations are predicated on knowledge, but the latter does not imply power relations.
Nonetheless, the denial of independent knowledge is associated with the independent individuality, which means that power and knowledge are
combined to deliver a form of subjectivity. A psychological identity relates to a persons self–image and needs to be revealed by delivering an idea that
defines modern outlooks on individual. The human sciences develop different aspects of individuality and identity and, therefore, they are based on
the assumption that science is a reflection of power relations leading to knowledge expansion. According to John McGowan, in The Problem of
Freedom in Postmodern Theory, "knowledge, power, and the subject are shown to be intimately related to one another within a single productive
process (p. 129)." In this instance, it could be stated that power is considered to be the major source of knowledge and subject. The connection
between knowledge and power creates the

Use Of Discourse And Social Media Within The Arab Spring
Throughout the years there have been many Occupy Movements; Occupy Wall Street, Occupy Central in Hong Kong and Occupy Nigeria are just a
few that were inspired by the Arab Spring. Looking at the Arab Spring in terms of ideas of power is a useful framework because it enables us to gain
information which could be useful for future occupy movements as well as giving us a different interpretation to that of the social norm. We will then
be able to connect that newly analysed idea of power with obedience and disobedience within the Arab Spring.
Power is often seen as being held by those in authority positions such as Presidents, prime ministers and military officials. We are able to reflect on
this traditional notion of power and connect it with the power at play in the Arab Spring, and thus gain an in depth look into the idea of discourse and
social media within the Arab Spring. Through the post–structural theory and prominent thinkers such as Hobbes and Foucault we are able to look at the
Arab Spring in a broad sense, looking at ideas such as the Ripple Effect which other theories may not enable us to look at. Also introduced will be the
perspective of Max Weber's structuralist theory, this stark contrast of post–structuralism will further solidify the idea that looking at the Arab Spring
with the post–structural theory is a useful framework.
The idea of Occupy movements and ideas of power is "not confined to a particular political or economic form of government" (The Subject

BirdвЂ™s Eye- view of Foucauldian Perspective to Commercial...
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher or a historian of systems of thought. His theories addressed the relationship between power and
knowledge, and how they are used as a form of social control through societal institutions. Through his impressive career Foucault became known for
his many demonstrative arguments that power depends not on material relations or authority but instead primarily on discursive networks. The sole
purpose of the present research paper is to evaluate the power relations which exist within the hierarchies and the workers. The Foucauldian
perspective plays an important part in terms of an understanding of power, despite the fact that it is very different to fully comprehend the meanings
behind Foucault's works. (McHoul and Grace, 1993, viii) A Dictionary of Political Thought (1983) commented on power as: The ability to achieve
whatever effect is desired, whether or not in the face of opposition. Power is a matter of degree: it can be conferred, delegated, shared and
limited...power may be exercised through influence or through control...power is an undisputable fact... (Scruton, 1983) Power varies according to the
individual's wants and requirements for it. It can be exercised either by influence or by control. It exists in multifarious forms. Power is totally
dependent on relationships. Power is neither given, nor exchanged, nor recovered,

The Ethics Of The Body
... the subject is something which is finally identified to the body as such. So the subjective creation as a sort of paradigm is only experimentation of
the limits of the body. The subject is something like an experience of its proper limits, an experience of finitude, an experience of the limits of the
concrete unity of the body. But finally, what is a limit of the body, a limit of the living body?
The plenary discussions on corporeality always reconstruct the perception of the body and aim to see the beyond of the body besides it is an entity as
a concrete being with flesh and bones. The studies and works based on the notion that is what the body – which analyze the psychological and
philosophical (and also anthropological and sociological) approaches to the concept of the body over hand–painted portraits to mug shots, personal
care methods to collective protection theories, the sexuality as a study of psychology not through morality – are all creating a various worldview and
also attempt an alternative definition on the perception of the body.
Many disciplines intervene when the research topic is on the concept of the body; as the sensations, the techniques of the bodily movements, the
consumption or the expression styles have been investigated, methods and studies of the epistemology are getting varied as required. As well, the
developing studies on the gender and identity cannot be considered without consulting the studies on the history of thinking about the

Power In Conflict
CM310:Communication & Conflict Final Project
Communication & Conflict Final Project
The Nature of Power in Conflict:
Power can be defined in many ways. Most simply, it is the ability to get what you want.
Power is a fundamental concept in any conflict. The nature of that power can depend upon how the power is distributed, how it is viewed, and how it is
used. There can be power struggles between those that feel very powerful and those that feel that they have little to no power. The different individual
perceptions of power within a conflict can affect communication.
Power can be distributed in three distinct ways: distributive, designated, and integrated (Wilmot and Hocker, 2007). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In conflict we often make the mistake of using our power to focus on the relationship or on the issue/ outcome we desire. The result is that we often
attain one at the expense of the other. Our power may enable us to achieve our goal but damage or destroy the relationship. Alternatively, we may
sustain the relationship at the expense of our needs or desired outcome. The ideal may be maintaining a healthy relationship while at the same time
achieving our goal, but this requires a subtle and complex use of different kinds of power or perhaps not using the power at our disposal. This
requires wisdom, self control and self discipline as well as skilled interpersonal behavior.
Nor can effective use of power be reduced to wise control of our personal powers, though that may be a good start. Social power, including our own, is
concentrated, channelled, and distributed by the culture and structure of our families, communities, organizations, countries, etc. Personal power is
limited or extended by such cultures and structures.
We have to contend, in the exercise of our personal power, with the influences of such power–channels in our environments and how they add to, limit
or distort our exercise of power – e.g. hierarchies, coalitions,

Michael Foucault's Different Forms of Power Essay
Michael Foucault's Different Forms of Power
Michael Foucault distinguishes between two different and distinct forms of power, disciplinary and sovereign. Fouccault describes disciplinary power
as the new type of power in the modern civilization. The use of disciplinary power transpired in the 17th and 18th century, and it used specific
procedures such as distributing individuals into space, controls of activity, observation, judging, and examination, to regulate the people. The first way
to create discipline is to distribute individuals in space. This space is usually analytical and physical. Discipline demands enclose, so that you see
everything that is going on. Inside of this enclosure there is a partitioning where each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We have something similar to this in gymnastics. We do and exhibition where everything need to be perfectly times and everyone's movements in
their tumbling needs to be the exact same. We break down the movements of the back handsprings and backs flips and learn how to do the special
movements exactly the same as everyone else, so we look together. To be able to have our exhibitions be successful we need constant monitoring to
see if we are with the music and with each other. The next step to achieving discipline is through observation. This gives you power by simply
observing visually seeing what is going on. In this you are under constant surveillance. By being put under this constant examination you are always
being put to the test to see if you measure up to set standards. An example of this is the Dallas Cowboy Cheerleaders. You are always under constant
surveillance, even when you are not in uniform or performing. Even if you are not wearing anything associated with the organization, and are out going
to the local 7–11 and you look bad, you can get in a lot of trouble. You are always held to a standard with how you look at how much you weigh. In the
DCC you are weighed every week and you re not allowed to gain more than five pounds or you will be dropped off the squad if you do not lose the
extra weight. This brings us to the next part of discipline, normalizing judgment. This is where you have a rule or task and have

Latin America Documentary Essay
Gilles Deleuze, Cinema 2: The Time–Image, trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Robert Galeta (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989), 216.
David William Foster, Latin American Documentary Filmmaking: Major Works (Phoenix: University of Arizona Press, 2013), x. Antonio Traverso and
Kristi Wilson, "Political Documentary Cinema in Latin America," Social Identities 19, no. 3–4 (2013): 276. Mike Wayne, Political Film: The Dialectics
of Third Cinema (London: Pluto Press, 2001), 60. See Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, trans. Richard Philcox (New York: Grove Press, 2004).
For the continental articulation, see Michael T. Martin's excellent two– volume anthology New Latin American Cinema (Detroit: Wayne State
University Press, 1997), as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ibid. For another exploration of this visual theme, see Clarissa Campolina's stunning short film Adormecidos (2011). Campolina is Borges's
collaborator in the Teia production company. Laura U. Marks, "A Deleuzian Politics of Hybrid Cinema," Screen 35, no. 3 (1994): 245. Laura U.
Marks, The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses (Durham: Duke University Press, 2000), 65. Ivone Margulies,
Nothing Happens: Chantal Akerman's Hyperrealist Everyday (Durham: Duke University Press, 1996). CГ©sar GuimarГЈes, "O retorno do homem
ordinГЎrio do cinema," Contemporanea: revista de comunicaГ§ГЈo e cultura 3, no. 2 (2009): 78. See, for example, Michael Taussig, "Tactility and
Distraction," Cultural Anthropology 6, no. 2 (1991): 147–53. Michel Foucault, "Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias," trans. Jay Miskowiec,
Diacritics 16, no. 1 (1986): 22–27. For an interesting discussion of the difference between things and objects, see Bill Brown, "Thing theory," Critical
Inquiry 28, no. 1 (2001): 1–22. Laura U. Marks, "A Deleuzian Politics," 257. Consuelo Lins, "Rua de mГЈo dupla: documentГЎrio e arte
contemporГўnea," in Transcinemas, ed. KГЎtia Maciel (Rio de Janeiro: Contracapa, 2009),

Foucault Sex And Power Essay
Foucault states, "We must at the same time conceive of sex without the law and power without the king" (81). Foucault argues that sex and power must
not be viewed as something that is only controlled by the law but rather as multidimensional with various forms that do not manifest themselves solely
in coercion. Foucault's suggests that power is unacquired, not external but within internal structures, non–binary, intentional and non–subjective, and
exists simultaneously with resistance. First, Foucault suggests that power is not a "thing" that an individual can or cannot have but can be exercised
from various angles in any relation. Foucault states, "Power is not something that is acquired, seized, or shared, something that one holds on to or
allows to slip away" (94).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, like power, nature is not one "thing" we can point to or acquire. Individuals can point to mountains and lakes but must recognize that nature
itself is more abstract. As like power, nature suggests a compelling relationship between individuals and the earth which indicates how it constantly
changes.Secondly, Foucault suggests that power is not external to the relationships it works upon, but determines their internal structure, insinuating
that power operates within institutions. Foucault states, "Relations of power are not in a position of exteriority with respect to other types of
relationship (economic, knowledge relationships, sexual relations), but are immanent in the latter" (94). In other words, power should be evaluated
within and in relation to economics, sexuality, knowledge relationships, etc. Power should be identified within these structures because the
relationships and connections that are formed within these structures determine and produce what power looks and feels like. Furthermore, nature is
not something that solely exists externally but as something that works within itself. As like power, nature should be thought of as a changing process

Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome Analysis
Main Post Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome I chose this disease because I really don't know very much about it and would like to learn more. Gilles de
la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is defined as echolalia (imitating others), multiple tics (motor and vocal), as well as coprolalia (spontaneous swearing).
Neuropsychological disorders associated with GTS are depression, obsessive compulsive behaviors, obsessive compulsive disorder, and
attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder. Onset of GTS is usually aged 5 to 18. In GTS, CT's and MRI's show reduced volume in the basal ganglia with
smaller volumes in the caudate nucleus. There is also a correlation between adults and children with smaller volumes in the lenticular nucleus who have
obsessive compulsive... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The diagnosis of HD is relatively simple due to the distinct presentations. There are four ways that each identifies this disease; family history (gene
mutation specific is responsible). Second, it is characterized neurologically because it is well studied with the disease being principally in the basal
ganglia where particular neuronal populations die, particularly in caudate nucleus but most conspicuously in the putamen. Thirdly, dementia is
selective, more so than Alzheimer's and since HD normally shows symptoms in an individual's 30's and 40's it differs from normal aging brain
changes. HD is clinically categorized into movement disorder, dementia syndrome, and emotional issues such as apathy, depression and irritability
(Grant and Adams,

Essay on A Philosophy of the Impersonal
For a Philosophy of the Impersonal
1. Never more than today is the notion of person the unavoidable reference for all discourses, be they philosophical, political, or juridical in nature,
that assert the value of human life as such. Leaving aside differences in ideology as well as specifically staked–out theoretical positions, no one doubts
the relevance of the category of person or challenges it as the unexamined and incontrovertible presupposition of every possible perspective. This tacit
convergence with regard to the category of person is especially obvious in a hotly debated field like bioethics. Truth be told, the debate between
Catholics and secularists turns on the precise moment at which a living being can be considered a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This thesis, which appears most frequently in the recent work of Stefano RodotГ (S. RodotГ , 2006) and Luigi Ferrajoli (L. Ferrajoli, 2001), is that the
renewed value awarded the category of person lies in the fact that only it is able to bridge the difference that is established between the concept of man
and that of citizen, one formed at the very inception of the Modern State. This difference–– as Hannah Arendt argued in the immediate postwar period
(H. Arendt, 1996) –– is born from the exclusive attachment to nation or territory (particolaristico) that characterizes the category of citizen, where
citizen is understood as a member of a given national community and therefore not to be extended to every man as such. The idea was that only a
concept that was potentially universal, like person, would allow for the strengthening and expanding of the fundamental rights of every human being.
It's here then that we find the calls made over a vast cultural front, to move away from the limited notion of citizen (or individual) to the more general
one of person –– as Martha Nussbaum has recently argued (M. Nussbaum, 2002). It is a formulation that a large part of contemporary philosophy has
accepted in different guises.
Turning to more theoretical work, one finds the same movement of ideas. Reflections on personal identity –– and hence the renewed interest in the
category of person –– constitute one of the rare points of

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