What Are Some Marketing Strategies For Fishermen During Adverse Weather

What Are Some Fishermen For Fishing During Adverse Weather...
Part A
Question 1:
The article suggests some fishermen choose piracy as an alternative to fishing during adverse weather conditions. The table below lists some of the
marginal costs and benefits to fisherman during the adverse weather conditions. As shown above, not all cost can be measured in monetary value.
Implicit costs such as opportunity costs are also considered as these are important in order to determine the economic profit.
Piracy has far more monetary benefits than fishing during the adverse weather as suggested in the table. Furthermore, the marginal costs of piracy are
mostly based to threats/expectations, while the marginal costs of fishing are mostly based on facts. Hence it can be said that piracy has more marginal
benefits than fishing during the adverse weather, which causes an increase in piracy.
Question 2: part (a)
Market failure can be a result of externalities. As mentioned in the notes, the key points to externalities are: As all they applications imply with the
externalities' keys, and externalities cause market failure; the article does suggest that the growth of legalising gambling was a market failure.
Question2: part (b)
As Massimo Passamonti thinks that reducing gambling opportunities may improve the social well–being, there is in–fact a scope for government
intervention to make it happen.
The diagram below illustrates how imposing a tax on suppliers may affect the equilibrium: Imposing tax on the suppliers cause their profit to
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Case Study Of Cagkor Air
Introduction
The research question in the title of this extended essay focuses on "Should Cambodia Angkor Air change their marketing strategies to increase their
market share of flights between Siem Reap and Guangzhou?" Due to the recent development in the Chinese tourism market there has also been a
growth in Cambodia's aviation market . Cambodia Angkor Air is the nation's flag carrier and has also started expanding into the market segment of
flights between Cambodia and China. Currently they are not the market leader of this flight route, this could be because the marketing strategies of the
airlines might not be appropriate for the clientele. In order to answer this research question the appropriate secondary research was undertaken. The
research consists mainly of research from aviation websites like the Center for Aviation (CAPA), which comments on the development of the airlines.
Websites that comments on the development of Cambodia were also consulted. Additionally, the released by Cambodia Angkor Air regarding this
market segment was also consulted. The following structure has been designed to answer the research question. The introduction introduces the
research question, context and the significance of the essay, as well as the methodology and structure employed. The body would consist of two
sections: The first section is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cambodia Angkor Air is an airline that is trying to gain market share in Cambodia and abroad. It would be interesting to investigate how smaller
national airlines like this would use its different marketing strategies to try and obtain market share on international routes. It is also important since
other existing or new airlines could see what would be a successful marketing strategy. Additionally, Cambodia Angkor Air or other interested parties
could use this information to further develop their campaign or

Delta Airlines Weaknesses
Weaknesses The airline industry is extremely competitive and there are constant struggles to maintain a low–cost fare that can compete with other
companies such as JetBlue and Southwest. This has proven to detract from Delta's success throughout the years due to continuous attempts at market
strategy and low–fare subsidiaries. Delta had a bankruptcy scare in 2005 and made a filing with the U.S. bankruptcy court for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
The plan for Delta was to continue with its normal operations while simultaneously undergoing corporate restructuring. At the time, Delta had
approximately $20.5 billion in debt, mainly as a result of record–breaking fuel prices and high labor costs ("Delta Air Lines – Plan of Reorganization").
Refer to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Delta became the only airline to own and control its reservations system, which is key to operations. In 2014, Bastian stated "We have also moved
toward vertical integration (and better management of fuel costs) by acquiring an oil refinery–a decision that shocked both aviation and oil industry
observers" (Anderson, Richard H). Rather than be controlled by producers, Delta took matters into its own hands and gained full control over its
supply chain. Over the past few years, Delta managed to expand its oil team to include several crude traders and the former president of Total Gas &
Power North America (Anderson, Richard H). These innovative changes have allowed Delta's average cost of fuel per gallon to remain five to 10
cents less than the industry's for over two years now. Appendix B illustrates Delta's road to redemption in greater

Brand Development Plan
1. Company Background
Cathy Pacific Airways was founded in 1946, it is an international airline based in Hong Kong, offering scheduled cargo and passenger services to over
170 destinations around the world. The company is the industry 's one of the few 5–Star Airline and be awarded the World's Best Airline over years. It
vision is to make the airline the most admired in the world, ensuring safety comes first; deliver service straight from the heart; provide outstanding
product and service; produce superior financial returns and fulfillment corporate responsibility.
2. About the New Brand
International Air Transport Association estimates the number of people flying in Asia will rise by 360 million to one billion in 2014. The... Show more
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Based on above reasons, the budget market in Hong Kong has great potential. With the Asian economic growth, the position of travel hub will also play
a more important role. The new brand could cannibalize Cathay Pacific 's existing customer base, but the new carriers may also boost travel rather than
just luring passengers from Cathay. As the whole market expands, the benefits will more than loss that is win–win situation.
4. Customer–Based Brand Equity
Customer–based brand equity (CBBE) approaches brand equity from the perspective of consumer, helps marketers to comprehend the needs and
wants of consumers and inventing products and programs to satisfy them, see figure 3.1 (Keller, 2008). Following will discuss how to apply CBBE
model in Wonder Air.
Salience
A highly salient brand is one that has both depth and breadth of brand awareness (Keller, 2008). Wonder Air is low
–cost carrier and focused to offer
low fares, it is first consideration for people who are looking for budget travel, and the airline should strength the routes network.
Wonder Air can also use parent brand resource to build the brand awareness, such that provide the travel package and selling by Cathay's own travel
agency. It can help create trust and positive image with customer, as well as let them linkage the new brand and Cathay. Because the Cathay is a
successful brand and ranked in the world's

Relationship Of Etihad Airways
Airport and airline relationship of Etihad Airways
Etihad Airways is committed to the growth strategy of cooperation to get the scale needed to compete in the global air transport market. Beyond
organic developments, the airline has a strong base of code–share partners, offers access to hundreds of destinations that are not served by its own
aircraft. In 2013, Etihad Airways has signed a new code–sharing agreements with seven airlines – South African Airways, Kenya Airways, Air Canada,
Korean Air, Air Serbia, Belavia and airBaltic. Code–sharing refers to a practice where a flight operated by one airline is jointly marketed as a flight for
one or more other airlines.
This addition takes the number of code–sharing partnership to 47 by the end of this year. Among the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This represents an increase of 30 percent over 2012, and 21 percent of total revenue this year for Etihad Airways, which was reciprocated by donating
passengers and goods to the company aviation partners. In the case of equity partners, the benefits are even greater, significantly reducing unit costs
and operating expenses through activities including the sharing of resources and joint procurement. In 2013, Etihad Airways operated a number of
services using a fleet of aircraft from Jet Airways, Virgin Australia and Air Seychelles will also provide a set of partners including Air Seychelles and
Air Seychelles to meet short–term needs. Etihad Airways airberlin surplus hired 50 pilots and shared new office facilities in Germany with Air Berlin,
provides training for pilots and cabin crews from several partner airlines and participate in joint sales and marketing activities with several partners
worldwide. Etihad Airways also extend the benefits of its equity relationship by connecting companies to cooperate with one another, and also to
integrate the company's partner in Etihad Guest loyalty

A New Era Of Deep Cooperation
A New Era of Deep Cooperation
Economic 2166F
November 29, 2016
Jingwen Guo
250811379
In recent years, airlines build a closer relationship, especially European airlines and Chinese airlines. Europe is the headstream of airplane, but
compared to North America, European aviation is a little bit weak on the ridership. In late 1990s and early 2000s, Europe had more interactions with
American aviation. In recent years, Europe set China as a new partner. European aviation is trying to expand its international market through increasing
new cooperation.
In recent years, the relationship between Chinese and European Aviation is getting closer. The strongest evidence is that Chinese government and
European Union have signed a 5–year work agreement for reducing the economic burden in aviation industry, preserving aviation safety and
environmental compatibility. European Union and China emphasized the importance of this project by preparing over 10 million euro as its budget.
The detailed work plan was reviewed and updated in September 2016. This is the first official cooperation in European and Chinese aviation, which is
managed by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and Civil Aviation Administration of China.
In terms to those individual airlines, there is another event that caught the public attention is that the chairman of the Executive Board and CEO of
Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Carsten Spohr and Mr. Song Zhiyong, President and Executive Director ofAir China

The Factors That Influnce Airline Industry
Introduction
In recent years, affected by natural disasters, emergencies, oil price volatility, the international financial crisis and other factors, especially the oil price,
that is the most major factor of the airline cost, and still increasing, made the airline industry's production decline shaply.
The main source of profit for the airline industry are passenger and cargo revenue primarily, in addition, the fuel surcharges and exchange gains
constitute the major part of its profits. According to these factors, airline companies will make a expection development whether they can benefit or
loss, and they will expect how much they will benefit or loss. However, the question that over the past 10 years, airline has lost $50bn, but ... Show
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In addition, further savings plan is essential. Any total over 75 thousand rupees (about 10,500 RMB) monthly employees are required to reduce
salaries on the next 12 months; like other companies' employees, the pilots to accept pay cuts and benefits optimization. The company's senior
management has taken a voluntarily pay cut of 25% from December 2008.
4. Exchange rate
Exchange rates influnce on airline industry by many ways. The exchange rates' change will affect the passengers flows: If a country's exchange rate
increases, it will be decreasing the attract of travellers who visit inbound, but increased the outbound travel. Overall, the airlines of the country might
gain or lose passengers,. Exchange rates' changes also affect airlines thorough their capital structure– in which countries they

Chin My Primary Country For This Stock Trak Simulation
For International Financial Management, we were asked to start a STOCK–TRAK portfolio to simulate managing an actual portfolio. Each of our
portfolios were given $500,000. Each portfolio was also allowed to make purchases on margin. This allowed us to invest a maximum of $1,000,000.
As a part of the simulation, we were asked to invest in only foreign securities/ADRs. We also needed to pick a primary country for our investments.
This would be the country we would invest a majority of our capital in, most of our trading should occur with this country's stocks. I chose China as my
primary country for this STOCK–TRAK simulation.
Background of China:
China is located in the eastern part of Asia. China has a couple of different climates which include tropical and subarctic. The country is made up of
mountainous areas as well as hilly and desert areas. Because of the diverse regions there are many natural resources that come from China. Some of
these are; coal, tin, zinc, mercury, iron ore, petroleum, lead, and aluminum. The country is also known to have the highest potential for hydropower.
Although China has many positives because of their commodities, there are also negative factors they have to face. These include natural disasters like
typhoons and earthquakes, but they also include environmental issues like air pollution and water shortage which could affect their economy (World
Economic Factbook).
China, or The People's Republic of China (PRC), is known as a

Essay on Estimating Regional Air Transportation Demand вЂ“...
Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide
MBAA 523: Advanced Aviation Economics
Estimating Regional Air Transportation Demand– Asia Pacific
14 Sep 2013
Table of Contents
1) Introduction
1.1) Boeing's forecasting methodology
Boeing uses both top–down and bottom–up approaches to analyse the market situation from 2013 to 2032. Bottom–up approach was done by taking
into account of forecasting the economic predictions, growth momentum, historical trends, travel attractiveness, domestic air regulation etc. (Boeing,
2013). It also included the statistical reports and trends from the government and tourism info. Top–down analysis was performed by projected on
aggregated variables. Both the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Boeing forecasted that this region's economy will grow 4.5% per year for next 20 years, which is major contributor for the whole world's GDP growth
and this is led by China and India. It is predicted that in next 20 years, the passenger air travel growth (RPK) will be increased by 6.3% per year and
the cargo (RTK) by 5.8% per year. It is also forecasted that the number of airplanes will be increased to 14750 from 5090 in 2012, which is the huge
increase among other world regions (Boeing, 2013) Figure .
2.2) Growth relative to other regions – Why and How?
The growth in Asia pacific region is very high when compared to the other regions of the world. It is mainly because of the following reasons,
Liberalization expands markets
Huge population
Fleet Modernization
Consolidation and new allies
Airlines expand operations
The airlines in this region are crossing borders easily because of the liberalized regulation among the countries of this region. The cross–border

franchise agreements and direct investment in foreign carriers allow access to the new

Comparison Of Oneworld : Alliances In The International...
Alliances Comparison
Three major airline alliances now exist, bringing together between 15 and 27 airlines to reach over a thousand destinations scattered all across the
globe (Hill, 2014).
Oneworld
Oneworld was the second of the three major alliances to be born, launched two years after its rival Star Alliance. The founding members were all
long–established, well–respected airlines such as British Airways, American Airlines and Qantas, who were soon joined by two more highly
regarded European carriers, FinnAir and Iberia. LanChile then came on board to provide coverage of Latin America, followed by Royal Jordanian in
2005, the first Middle Eastern carrier to join any alliance (Hill, 2014). Other significant airlines that have joined the alliance ever since includes Japan
Airlines and Malaysia Airlines, strengthening the alliance extensive coverage of Asia. Oneworld aims to forge relationships with "frequent
international travelers," particularly from the corporate and business world, a goal reflected in its HQ location on Park Avenue, NY. It serves just
under 1000 destination airports in over 150 countries – substantially fewer than either of its rivals, but carefully targeted to appeal to its business
clientele (oneworld, 2015). Oneworld was the first global alliance to introduce interline ticketing between member airlines, which means you enjoy
smooth transfers and greater flexibility across the entire network, and offers the widest range of alliance fares, making it

Cathay Pacific Strategic Analysis Summary
Strategic Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd.
1.Introduction
Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd. (hereafter as C.P.) was established in the 1940's in Hong Kong and has been well–known as proficiency and security.
Meanwhile, it remains notably dedicating on its domestic market Hong Kong, besides, it will present other supplementary 72 brand–new aircraft by
2024 (Cathay Pacific Annual Report, 2015). There are maximum 33, 000 employees simultaneously collaborate cross–broadly, and approximately
25,000 of them are in Hong Kong. It is on the list of the program "The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited", as Air China and Swire Pacific
represent a considerable proportion of its stocks. C.P. and its subsidiary Dragonair joint function 52 routes in Mainland... Show more content on
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won the pride of "Airline of the Year" rewarded by SkyTrax due to its premium service. It devours on cabin upgrade to create superior customer
experience in Business and Economy sections, such as advancement of 15–inch screen connecting with IOS and a flatbed seat for Business seats, and
StudioCX complies with Apple devices for Economy class. "We look for people who have a strong customer service philosophy." Said the general
manager of Dominic Perret, General Manager of In–flight service (Ghee, 2014).
Technology development
As an innovative perspective, C.P. was the pioneer who proclaimed to introduce online surfing in aircraft and electronically interfaced aircraft specialty
to its. C.P. E–business has been invested to wind up Asia's foremost e–business brand. Regarding innovation, C.P. presented about the change of
traveler's involvement (Cathaypacific.com, 2016).
Marketing and sales
C.P. has persistently endeavored to engage with travel agencies and customers through offering them diverse tour bundles. Their marketing schemes
have constantly pulled in clients carried by C.P. in regard to affordable tickets with diverse rebate rates such as "Fanfare" program covers eleven
popular routes with lower prices (Cathaypacific, 2016).
4.SWOT analysis of Cathay Pacific
SW

Diversifying with short haul

Brand Development Plan
1. Company Background Cathy Pacific Airways was founded in 1946, it is an international airline based in Hong Kong, offering scheduled cargo and
passenger services to over 170 destinations around the world. The company is the industry's one of the few 5–Star Airline and be awarded the World's
Best Airline over years. It vision is to make the airline the most admired in the world, ensuring safety comes first; deliver service straight from the
heart; provide outstanding product and service; produce superior financial returns and fulfillment corporate responsibility. 2. About the New Brand
International Air Transport Association estimates the number of people flying in Asia will rise by 360 million to one billion in 2014. The
... Show more
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Points of Difference (PODs) LCC offering low fares often sacrifices the seats comfort because they need increase the total number of seat to covering
costs. In order to provide quality seat comfort to passenger, Wonder Air will choose increase the number of flight and effectively design seat layouts to
avoid sacrifices the seats comfort, hoping every passenger has a nice journey instead of a terrible experience. At the same time, the number of flight
increased can let more customers choose their ideal time. The flight delay is passenger often encounter situation but the schedule changes are however
made for many reasons including uncontrolled reasons such as airport runway works or unplanned aircraft maintenance. Therefore, Wonder Air commit
95% on–time performance that same with Cathay, and will inform the passenger if the flight is changed, delayed or cancelled, via SMS, phone call,
e–alerts, or voicemail, using the relevant contact details provided in booking. Wonder Air emphasizes environmentally friendly from cabin inside to
outside but they do not lost the principle of low fares. For example, the paperless can reduce cost and make people more convenience because the data
can readily available online, as well as increase customer involvement such as self–printing the boarding pass and online booking. The fleet use new
model aircraft to improving fuels efficiency. 6.

Cathay Pacific Pest Analysis Essay
Strategic Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd.
1.Introduction
Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd. (hereafter as C.P.) was established in the 1940's in Hong Kong and has been well–known as proficiency and security.
Meanwhile, it remains notably dedicating on its domestic market Hong Kong, besides, it will present other supplementary 72 brand–new aircraft by
2024 (Cathay Pacific Annual Report, 2015). There are maximum 33, 000 employees simultaneously collaborate cross–broadly, and approximately
25,000 of them are in Hong Kong. It is on the list of the program "The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited", as Air China and Swire Pacific
represent a considerable proportion of its stocks. C.P. and its subsidiary Dragonair joint function 52 routes in Mainland China, they are both under the
confederation of Oneworld to serve for surpassing 1,000 destinations (Cathay Pacific Annual Report, 2015).
In this report, the author will scrutinize C.P. through both internal and external circumstances, categorize the two contemporary strategies and indicate
an optimized strategy could be conceivably optional to actualize its core competency.
2.External analysis
2.1 PEST analysis
Political
Chui in China Daily newspaper (2015) pointed out, in order to deliver the message of anti–China, terrorists will deploy ... Show more content on
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According to Cornwell and Reporter (2015), Qantas established an extra–large alliance with Emirates, in mutual returns, Qantas has expanded beyond
70 new destinations; Emirates has been capable of accessing approximately 50 settings in Australia. Further, SIA and C.P. had trapped into the vicious
discount campaign competition (Leo, 2014). In 2015, SIA had also formulated joint–venture with Tata establishing Vistara in New Delhi and Mumbai
in India (The Straits Times, 2015). And SIA might implement the alliance strategy to strengthen its competency since it started with Air New Zealand
(Leo,

The Aviation Industry Of China
AVIA3101 Individual Assignment
Si Yat PONG (z3440479)
Option 1
General
The aviation industry of China began for around half a century. As a developing country, the economy of China has a massive increase, but the strictly
controlled airspace and complicated regulation limited the growth of China Aviation. Recently, new measures such as more efficient airspace approval
process, have improved the situation and giving hope that the market will rise. In fact, the market has rapidly increased. As the China government
giving ways to develop the aviation industry, more and more have negotiated increased capacity with China, Australia is one of them.
In the past 10 years, the demand of travelling between Australia and China keep increasing at a high rate, especially after 2009 (fig 1) [International
Airline Activity–Time Series. 2015]. Due to the rise in demand, major airlines such as Qantas China Eastern and China Southern have a massive
expansion in terms of no. of flights and route network. With annual passengers of around 850k, China has become a key source market for Australia.
Airports are also trying to attract Chinese travelers. For example, in Sydney airport every Chinese New Year, Terminal 1 would celebrate with
Chinese–Themed declaration, launching simplified Chinese site and deployed Chinese–speaking Ambassadors to assist Chinese customers in Terminal
1. China aviation industry is absolutely one of the largest and fastest growing economies. (fig 1)
Airline Strategy

Alliances in the Airline Industry Essay
Executive Summary
Throughout the years there has been an increase in strategic alliance formation in order to combat a number of factors creating uncertainty in the
market and to share knowledge and know–how. The formation of alliances has also occurred in the Airline industry; this report discussed how these
alliances gain economies of scales and synergies. The deregulation of the airline industry has open doors to more competition sand to further agreements
such as the "open skies", these agreements allows airlines to serve consumers more efficiently by offering extensive domestic, continental and
intercontinental service networks.
Through the formation of alliances, airlines have created economies of scale through extensive use of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'Open skies' opened possibilities for airlines to serve consumers more efficiently by offering extensive domestic, continental and intercontinental
service networks. Deregulation has made positive changes in the airline industry by expanding a network of services where a consumer can choose a
variety of desired destinations with just one airline. Increased traffic feed between partners has helped to effectively utilize seat capacity and increase
flight frequency. Alliance partners reduced operational and ticket costs by taking advantages from economies of scale and scope. Improved service
quality was achieved through more coordinated time schedules and increased itinerary choices for passengers (Bennett, 1997).
Deregulation Effects
On Safety
Safety is the most important aspect of product quality for the consumer and unlike with other simply distinguishable products a flight safety is very
difficult to observe or evaluate. In order to rectify the issue Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) substantially tightened safety requirements from a
very beginning of deregulation. FAA has tightened requirements for pilot qualifications, crew training and increased maintenance requirements for
large commuter aircrafts. All the safety precautions had a positive impact reducing more then half of accidents. Aircraft manufacturers purchased a
complete accident indemnity before the actual

Strategic Analysis for Ryanair to Enter China
Strategic Analysis for Ryanair to Enter China Submitted in part fulfilment of the Master September 2010 STRATEGIC BUSINESS ANALYSIS
(ULMS 719) University of Liverpool Management School 17 September 2010 Abstract Ryanair, the leader of low–fare carriers in Europe, will expand
its business throughout the world. This report discusses the strategies which Ryanair entre the Chinese market. Through PESTEL analysis and SWOT
analysis to have sophisticated understandings of the Chinese market situation and the civil aviation environment, then after a series of considerations,
eventually, Ryanair makes the decision to cooperate with China Southern Airlines in the form of a joint venture. Based on this, Ryanair has set up...
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Conclusion––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––30
References–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––32 List of Tables and
Figure Table1. The Development of Civil Aviation in Recent Years
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 9 Table2. Ryanair's SWOT Analysis
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 15 Table3. Highlights of Ryanair's Finances
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 16 Table4. Key Statistics Comparison between Railways, Highways and Civil
Aviation––––––19 Figure1. Comparison of Average Fares in four airlines–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––16 1. Introduction
Low–cost carriers mainly operate high–volume passenger traffic on short–distance routes, use second–level airports, and offer no extra services. Given

Two Types Of Motivation Essay
Issue 1: Motivation
Motivation is a psychological force that helps to determine the path or direction of a person's behavior. It compels an action toward a desired goal. It
can be considered as a behavior where people engage their effort towards their desired goal. There are two types of motivation, internal and external
motivation.
Internal motivation is said to be intrinsic motivation. According to (Carol, 2013), intrinsic motivation refers to the pleasure one gets from the task
itself or from the sense of satisfaction in completing or even working on a task. However, extrinsic motivation is related to rewards such as salary and
bonuses where it is given to employees by managers. Both of these motivations convince a person to put their effort towards his or her goals.
Back in the past, China Airlines expects their employees to be loyal to their company even there are better offers from other airlines. But now,
employees like to switch their job to other companies. It has become a big problem to the company. Praweena ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(CAL). The trouble was attributed to its poor safety record in the 1990s that severely tarnished its brand image besides lowering passenger traffic. For
example, the case of Flight 140 that was from Chiang Kai–shek International Airport to Nagoya Airport in Nagoya, Japan on 26 April 1994 and Flight
676 on 16 February 1998. However, analysts felt the faulty pilot recruitment policies, lenient flight crew training process, ineffective corporate culture,
high cost operational structure, lax maintenance systems and the cost–cutting policies of the management which sacrificed safety standards added to its
woes. That will influence the performance of the organization. In addition, the serious and strained political relations among mainland China and Taiwan
which prohibited the airline to routes in China only compounded its problems from launching

Air China
The Overview of Airline Industry in China & the Analysis of Air China Limited (key player in the market)
Table of contents
Introduction.........................................................................................3
Market Overview * Market definition.....................................................................................3 * Research
highlights..................................................................................3 * Market Analysis.......................................................................................4
Theoretical Analysis...............................................................................7
The Leadership of Air China Limited * Brief Introduction about the Corporation.............................................9 * The Leadership in the Airlines
Industry.................................................9 * How Leadership Delivered Competitive Advantage..........................11
Bibliography..................................................................................13
Appendix........................................................................................14
Introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Obviously, the main market of Chinese airlines industry is domestic which accounted 96.4% of total market in 2009. By contrast, the international
market was relatively weak (3.6%).
* Market Segmentation II Table 4: China airlines industry segmentation II: % share, by value, 2009| | Category| % Share| Japan| 33.1%| China| 30%|
India| 8.2%| South Korea| 3.7%| Rest of Asia – Pacific| 25%| Total| 100%| Source: Datamonitor| |
As these two charts demonstrate, Japan and China are the two major airlines markets in the Asian area, respectively account 33% and 30% of total
market share. As the second largest airline market in Asia, Chinese airlines industry contributes one –third of total value, which created double value of
the revenue by India plus South Korea.
* Theoretical Analysis * SWOT Analysis Strengths: 1. Huge number of existing customers, and rapidly growing potential customers 2. Very stable
domestic market with increasing routes and flights 3. Based on comprehensive airlines transport management systems and relatively harmony society,
there are few issues related to security 4. Steady economic growth which would contribute to customer purchasing power| Weaknesses: 1. The cost of
operating by domestic

Airline Indutry
1.Executive Summary
Airline is a complex industry. It involves major capital requirements for aircraft, monitor by government regulations, restrictions and state policy,
competitive reaction from other tourist transport and requiring high level of expertise to operate and manage. Airline facing increasing globalization,
rising fuel prices, heavy repair & maintenance cost, raising labor costs, increasing competition and requirements for higher service levels and greater
flexibility.
The acceptance of China to World Trade Organization and Beijing 's winning bid for 2008 Olympics is expected to have a beneficial effect onairline
industry to Hong Kong. However, loosening regulation of China 's airline industry, additional flying... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Part of this is related to the restrictive bilateral agreements, which also protect the home market.
Some states have privatized their airlines and others intend to do so, a considerable number remain state–owned. As Forsyth observes, 'there is a strong
correlation between per capita income levels and private ownership. In the richer countries in the region, such as Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan,
Malaysia, along with the colony of Hong Kong, all the airlines are privately owned. By contrast, there are few examples of private ownership of
airlines in the poorer countries ', while a number of governments have allowed the introduction of private airlines (e.g. Asiana in Korea, Dragonair in
Hong Kong) to compete on international routes.
3.Asia Financial Crisis
These are frenetic times time for aviation in Asia, although there are still problems leftover from the region 's economic crisis which started in July
1997 and continued through 1998 for most markets. Whilst there has not been a full recovery to pre–crisis levels, Asia 's economic is now showing
recovery from the recession.
The busiest international route in Asia is Hong–Taipei. In terms of international–only traffic, Hong Kong is listed as the largest airport in the

SWOT analysis of LOT AIRLINES Essay
World Connect Airlines Distribution Strategy November 2nd to 4th 2011 Hotel Fairmont– Raffles Singapore Program May 25th 2011 Supported by:
www.apg–ga.com Held in: The Network for Airline Services Dear Airline Commercial Executives, We invite you to attend the 2011 APG WORLD
CONNECT conference, as our guests, to be held this year in Singapore, November 2nd to 4th at the famous Fairmont/Raffles Hotel. This year's
gathering will be geared to you, our clientele, and focus on "Developing a Practical Distribution Strategy". Please see the attached proposed agenda. We
anticipate welcoming more than 70 "C" level Commercial and Distribution participants from client airlines headquartered in Asia and around the...
3:30pm – 4pmCoffee Break 4pm – 5:30pmsession 3 THE APG GA SOLUTIONS INTERNET> Pierre ALZON*– SNCF.COM Introduction: > Jim
FOSTER COO APG Global Associates Airline Distribution Strategy CREDIT CARDS> Ralph KAISER*– CEO – UATP

Global Low-Cost Airline Market To 2018
The report provides detailed market analysis, information and insights, including:
Historic and forecast revenue of global low–cost airlines market covering 40 countries.
Detailed regionwise (Americas, Asia–Pacific, Europe, Middle East & Africa) analysis of low–cost airlines ' key performance indicators such as the
number of seats available and seats sold, load factor, average revenue per passenger, total revenues, revenue generating passenger kilometers and
passenger kilometers available for the review (2009–2013) and forecast (2014–2018) periods.
Brief analysis of global low–cost airlines market and the present scenario.
Detailed analysis of the markets trends in key low–cost airlines' markets.
To Read Complete Report with Toc:... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, low–cost carriers (LCCs) recorded growth during the review period.
The growing popularity of LCCs has led many full–service airlines to launch subsidiaries offering flight options with limited services. For example,
China Eastern Airlines announced the launch of China United Airlines in July 2014 and in July 2013, Air Canada launched its LCC, Air Canada Rogue.
The North American airline market recorded slow growth during the review period (2009в€’2013) in comparison to the developing Asia
–Pacific and
Latin American markets. According to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the region's air traffic increased at rate of 1.3% in 2012
and 2.1% in 2013. Growth is expected to continue at a rate of 2.7% in 2014. The IATA expects the profit of airlines inNorth America to increase from
US$7.0 billion in 2013 to US$9.2 billion in 2014.
Boeing's Current Market Outlook 2014 report stated that North America holds a 27% share and Latin America held a 33% share of the total seat
capacity of LCCs in 2013.
One of the key reasons for high growth rate of LCCs in the Asia–Pacific region is the emergence of a rapidly expanding middle–class population and
greater levels of disposable income. Another factor is the establishment of LCC subsidiaries by full–service airlines.
During the

Federal Government Coverage Of Airplane Accidents
Families of victims that were in an airplane accident should be entitled to compensation because it's the airline's fault that the families lost a loved
one and they should have to pay in some way. It is wrong for families to not get some type of return for losing a loved one and that may have hurt
the family real bad, but It's not all about getting some money or getting something back to me it's all about the respect you get back from them
because if you don't get nothing back then to me that means that they just brushed it off and won't care after a couple days so it's all about the respect
you show to the family after the incident happened. For things like this to happen and families are sitting here in grieve because they lost someone real
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) is responsible for controlling all air traffic in the U.S. When the carelessness of an FAA employee causes an
airplane accident, plaintiffs must sue under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA). The FTCA sets forth special rules and procedures that must be
followed when suing an employee of the federal government. Legal Defenses Defendants in airplane crash litigation may respond to a legal claim
by asserting many of the defenses that are available in a typical negligence or product liability case. Operators of smaller aircraft for private use
have an additional defense. The General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 bars lawsuits against the manufacturer of a small (less than 20 seats),
private airplane if the accident involved an airplane or part that has been in service for 18 years or more. Federal Assistance for Families of Airplane
Crash Victims The Aviation Disaster Family Assistance Act of 1996 requires the federal government to provide support to families of victims in major
airplane crashes or accidents, places certain duties on the airline, and limits attorney solicitation of airplane crash victims. Responsibilities of the Airline
The Act also places duties on the airline involved in the crash. Among other things, the airline must: establish a toll–free telephone line for families of

Fig 5.4 : Price Shareholders Of Hainan
Fig 5.4: Price Shareholders of Hainan in 2014 When considering in the Hainan Airways. This company's shares prices in the first different periods in
2013–7 ten days observer and the second in 2014–2 ten days also. We Note that the stock prices at the beginning of the month of July have been
recorded at the opening price of 2.02 and 2.04 while the price of the company 's prices was in 2014 at the beginning of February at a price of 1.84
opening and closing price of 1.85. After studying the reasons for the low stock prices turned out to be one of the factors are instrumental to the loss
value 0.18 Yuan to the opening price and 0.19 to the price of closing is the survival of high fuel prices, fuel prices were recorded in July of 2013 at $...
Fig 5.5 and Fig 5.6 shows the swing share prices Southern Company for the period in 5.4 Analysis Hedging Airlines Listed in China In a big
country in the world like china Airline company carriers, have an important loss for 2008 after bad fuel price upset reached to the of 6.2 billion
Yuan. Airline company faced cash loss from fuel price was $14.15 million in 2008 in actually. These firms are facing a broad crisis industry. It is
expected that the firms of airlines Company will pain important operating losses in the second half of 2008. The government of China is paid about
7 million Yuan into the airline carrier and other carriers, to aid them through the crisis. In this financial crisis is thrown important question is that
hedge titled large or small to airlines. Aviation Cost Risk management provide a unique model allowing for a main test the value of shareholders in
fluctuation price oil and reflection that on airlines stock holders risk management using the hedging that an expect the implications of rising or low
jet fuel prices related to cash flows, and finance is positively correlated to the level of costs jet fuel in this kind of industry the reason for that costs
expensive operating jet fuel have a huge part of expensive operate airplanes company . The hedge provides a chance to buy assets through finance at
the low price of oil. This

Cause And Effects Of The Black Death
The Black Death was one of the most devastating worldwide diseases in human history. The plague originated in central Asia and was brought to
China by traders and Mongols from 1334–1347. Mongol protection of the trade may have caused the disease to spread along the "Silk Road" to
Crimea. During a Mongol siege against Caffa in 1347, the Mongolian army began to die. The Mongols catapulted the dead bodies into the city
where the fleas on the corpses were released into Caffa. In the year 1347, October, Genoese traders escaped from the city and sailed to Messina, an
Italian port, unaware that they were infected by the disease. Eventually, everyone on the ship died and a "ghost ship" made it to port. Seeing no
activity on board, the ship was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Monarchs prohibited exports of food stuff, condemned black market speculators, placed price control on grain, and outlawed large–scale fishing. These
all contributed to the continent–wide downward spiral. France was unable to sell grain because of crop failures and shortage of labor. Any grain that
could be shipped were taken by pirates and looters. Countries in the Hundred Years War depleted treasures, population, and infrastructure. Malnutrition,
poverty, disease, and hunger with war, growing inflation and other economic concerns made Europe in the mid–fourteenth century full of tragedy. The
social and economic change greatly accelerated during the fourteenth–fifteenth centuries. The church's power was weakened and some social roles were
replaced by secular ones. Peasants began to cause uprisings, such as France, Jacquerie rebellion. The reduction of Europe's population from thirty–fifty
percent could have resulted in higher wages, more land, and more food. Population losses brought economic changes based on increase social mobility
and improved the situation for surviving peasants in Western Europe. In Eastern Europe, stringency of laws tied the remaining peasant population
tightly to the land because it was hardly affected by the Black Death. Peasant revolts were less common in the east and the plague may be partly
responsible for Eastern Europe's lag in scientific and philosophical

The Aviation Industry: Comparative Analysis of Boeing and...
RUNNING HEAD: Aviation Industry Submitted by Name of Researcher Name of Discipline (Area of Study) Name of Institution Logo of
Institution Date (of Submission) Contents Introduction 3 Scope of Research 4 History of Boeing 4 History of Airbus 5 History of COMAC 7
Aviation Market Backgrounder 7 Contrasting Boeing and Airbus 8 SWOT Boeing 9 SWOT Airbus 10 SWOT COMAC 11 Competitive analysis 12
Market Analysis 14 Outlook for COMAC 15 Conclusion 17 References 18 Introduction The Chinese are an emerging economy that has taken over the
world's production in recent years. In fact China is now considered to be the world's factory, as all the major players in the world outsource all or some
of their manufacturing activities to the country. All this would not have been possible without the help of technology and with the state of
globalization being such, that logistics and distances are becoming shorter and shorter. The aviation industry has been different however, as to date; it
has mainly been dominated by two main Western players Boeing and Airbus. Now that China has also entered the Aviation industry, it will not be fool
hardy to say that the Aviation industry is bound to undergo another transformation. The main barrier to entry in the aircraft manufacturing market is the
sheer size of the industry and the amount of capital investment required to make the aircraft. Moreover, the concerns of the aviation industry are not
similar

Case Study: Spring Airlines
1)Company Background
The Spring Airlines is one of the low–cost carriers (LCC) in China and was established in 2005. The Spring Airlines is a subsidiary of China Spring
Group. Under the Group, there is a travel agency called Shanghai Spring International Travel Service Ltd. which provides a stable amount of
passengers to the airline. The Spring Airlines is based in Shanghai and owns 46 A320 aircrafts. It serves around 58 inbound routes, and 10 regional and
international routes. The regional routes include cities like Hong Kong and Macau, while international routes include countries such as Japan,
Thailand, Korea and Singapore (Spring Airlines, 2014).
2)Services offered
The Spring Airlines offers air transport services to the public with different classes, namely Economy (Regular), Economy (Discount) and
"Spring–Plus", and each class enjoys distinct services. "Spring–Plus" offers additional services, including priority boarding and check–in, spacious
front–row seating. "Spring–Plus" also offers free meals and drinks while extra fees are charged if they are wanted by customers of Discount Class and
Regular Class (Spring Airlines, 2014). There is also different free luggage quota for each class. Discount Class and Regular Class offer 15 kg quota
while "Spring–Plus" offers more, with 25 kg free luggage quota. For ticket refund, except the Discount Class tickets, tickets are refundable (Spring
Airlines, 2014).
3) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are also other source of income like additional luggage charges and catering charges. For example, the additional luggage charges ranging from
RMB 32 to RMB 115 per kilogram for different routes (Spring Airlines,

NSAJordaniaforecast2015
Current
Market
Outlook
Nickolas Sarlis M.B.A,
B.Sc Math,
B.A(Hon) Political Science
February 4
2015
Current Market Outlook
Purpose of the forecast
The current market outlook is our long term forecast of the air traffic volumes & demand.
The forecast helps shape our product strategy & guide long term business planning.
We start fresh every year, factoring the effects of current business conditions & developments into our analysis of the long term drivers of air travel.
Effects of market forces.
The Aviation industry continually adapts t market forces. Key among these are fuel prices, economic growth & development, environmental
regulations, infrastructure, market liberalization, airplane capabilities, other modes of transport, business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sources of ancillary revenue include fees for baggage, ticket change, extra amenities, annual subscriptions to premium services, frequent flyer
programs (FFP), and even on board duty free sales. Some of the more innovative sources (such as annual subscriptions and FFP products like branded
credit cards) generate handsome margins for the airline and promote brand loyalty. Such strategies helped the airlines improve profitability for 2013.
Improved profitability is allowing airlines to increase strategic investment for future growth.
Airlines are boosting investments to enhance their customer product offering and operating efficiencies. Example, in addition to new airplanes, airlines
are investing in new information and mobile technology, upgraded cabin interiors for higher levels of service, and additional seats to improve unit
costs. Some airlines are increasing equity investment in other airlines and cross border partnerships to solidify and expand networks. Reinvestment of
profit into airline products enhances the long term growth prospects for the industry.

Airline strategies and business models
Strategic planning is a continual process for airlines. Plans must take into account the challenging and ever changing competitive environment as well
as how passengers define value. Example, Business travelers are sensitive to flight times and expect a high level of service. Short haul business travelers

Pestel , Swot and Porters 5 Analysis of Emirates Airlines...
I. Background Of Airlines Industry
Airlines Industry is large and growing, it is also the most fiercely competitive sector. It facilitates international trade, world economy growth, tourism
and international investment. The airline industry has over time with the use of modern technology been able to take advantage of the short haul, high
frequency and gained a competitive advantage over other forms of travel, such as buses and railroad travel. Additionally, theairline industry still holds
the market for global travel at a low cost and convenient way to travel. The aviation industry gives a good contribution to the GDP which includes the
following: airline services, general aviation, civil airport operations, aircraft manufacturing, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
It analyses the micro environment of the business i.e. its competitiveness, attractiveness and profitability.
a. Emirates Supplier Power
The supplier power in airlines is dominated by the world's two largest aircraft manufacturers are Airbus and Boeing. The competition between the two
manufacturers is neck to neck but that would prove to be a boon for Emirates as the prices would not rocket through the ceiling. A study shows that
Emirates holds 93 Boeing aircrafts and 83 Airbus units (Planespotters, 2009). In 2007, Emirates purchased 81 Airbus flights, to extend it services–
however, they chose Airbus over Boeing as the latter failed to deliver its latest aircrafts on time and moreover, Airbus had quoted a good price
(Barryl, 2007). The changing oil prices also have an adverse effect on the aviation industry. In a nutshell, the bargaining power of suppliers is high.
Buyer Power
There are 2 direct flights from Dubai to Hong Kong weekly, rest are 35 are via flights. Fares vary according to demand, but Emirates not being a
budget airline its buyers do not really influence the price. Further more, a Travel Survey concluded that above 60% of the travellers preferred Emirates
Airlines to any other international Airlines (Glass, 2008).
However, one could opt for an indirect flight if tariffs are concerned or if they wish a stop

Air China Swot Analysis Essay
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1463–5771.htm
BIJ 13,1/2
SWOT analysis for Air China performance and its experience with quality
A.M. Ahmed
The European Centre for Total Quality Management, University of Bradford School of Management, Bradford, UK
160
M. Zairi e–TQM College, Dubai, UAE, and
K.S. Almarri
The European Centre for Total Quality Management, University of Bradford School of Management, Bradford, UK
Abstract
Purpose – To report on the lessons learned during the implementation of TQM principles inAir China as a response to the dramatic changes in both
international and domestic markets. Design/methodology/approach – This research work is based on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Airlines introduced railway–style, uniformed stewards and restaurant–style tables adorned with vases of п¬‚owers and silver cutlery. In 1928, Pan Am
became the п¬Ѓrst US airline to employ cabin attendants to serve meals. Also in 1928, Western Airlines (eventually absorbed in Delta Airlines) served
meals brought to their aeroplanes, by Cadillac, from a restaurant near Los Angeles Airport. In 1929, Pan Am introduced in–п¬‚ight movies on its
п¬‚ights between Miami and Havana (Dana, 1999). In 1930, United Air Lines introduced the world's п¬Ѓrst stewardess. Ellen Church was the п¬Ѓrst
woman to serve a meal on an aeroplane. Pan Am preferred to employ stewards who had served as professional waiters or pursers on ships. In 1934,
Pan Am inaugurated the S–42 on its route from Miami to Buenos Aires. The airline set a precedent by installing facilities for heating food in–п¬‚ight
on long over–water journeys. Stewards would take orders from passengers and radio ahead for meals, which were served to passengers in a special
dining area of the aeroplane (Dana, 1999). Dinner in п¬‚ight became a formal affair, often in tuxedos and evening gowns. Passengers enjoyed a feast,
cooked aboard the aeroplane, and served on linen–covered tables in a п¬Ѓne dining salon set with china, crystal and fresh п¬‚owers. During the 1940s
and 1950s, passengers on the Boeing 377 Stratocruiser could get staterooms with private washstands, berths, divans,

Core Competencies Of Virgin Atlantic
In July 2017, news headlines hit the airwaves and the internet regarding Sir Richard Branson giving up control of the 33 years old airline, Virgin
Atlantic (Bkaskara, 2017). Apparently, the air carrier industry has experienced increased competitiveness. Low cost rivals are putting pressure on
traditional transatlantic carriers, which has made Virgin Atlantic, once a trailblazing carrier, to struggle. In 2012,Delta Air Lines came to the rescue of
the carrier in a joint venture, taking up 49 percent of the company (Stothard, 2017). Even so, in the July 2017 alliance, Branson, according to Stothard
(2017) gave up his control as a part of a wide–ranging disturbance of the airline carrier industry that will see Delta Air Lines, Air France–KLM, and
China Eastern intensify their alliances. The aim of the airline is 'to embrace the human spirit and let it fly' (Virgin Atlantic, 2016). Its main focus has
been on services such as safety and security, for its 5.4 million customers flown in 2016 (Virgin Atlantic, 2016). To enhance its efficiency, Virgin
Atlantic has implemented various strategic management practices to achieve competitive advantage and growth.
Virgin Atlantic Analysis
Core Competency Virgin Atlantic has various strengths and opportunities, as well as weaknesses and threats within the airline carrier industry. Virgin
Atlantic has a strong brand reputation. It has modernized fleet with among the largest technological adoptions in the aviation industry. For instance,

Emirates Airlines: Reputable Company in Asia
Introduction
Emirates Airline is one of the most reputable Airline companies in the Asian continent and also in the world over. The Company has been in the
business for the past twenty three years. Emirates Airline is owned by Dubai 's government; where Dubai is one of the seven cities found within the
United Arab Emirates. Thus company flies to ninety destinations found throughout the world and manages to reach about sixty different countries in
the world. Dubai is the capital city of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and is one of the fastest growing cities in the Middle Eastern region. (Butler
& Keller, 2000)
External changes that have affected Emirates Airline between 1997 & 2007
The external changes will be examined through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, the Airline has made a lot of profits due to those differences. (Morrison and Winston, 1997)
Labour issues are adversely affecting employers in the region and also in the rest of the world. Workers are becoming increasingly ware of their
potential and most of them are demanding more. Many Airline Companies are increasingly recruiting different types of labourers. This is especially
with regard to the fact that there are numerous types of Aircrafts in any one type of Airline. For instance, an Airline Company may have regional jets,
four engine planes, wide body and narrow body aircrafts. Such kinds of aircrafts are operated by different types of pilots and engineers. These
workers all belong to different worker 's unions and all of them may require special attention by the human resource department. Payment schedules
may also be difficult to maintain if some of these workers operate in stable economies. Emirates Airlines has also been affected by this problem but not
to a large extent. Emirates Airlines has not bought too many varieties of Aircrafts. Consequently, there is room for the Company to grow and without
having to spend too much in the labour section.
Technological
The world had a technology boom in the nineties. However, there was a technology but in the decade 2000. Companies that were using technology to
gain competitive advantage over their players in the industry may now have to look for other sources of competitive advantage.
Additionally,

Signals Maintains Its Airlines Outlook At Upcycle Late For...
Signals maintains its Airlines outlook at Upcycle Late for North America, which is expected to have the strongest performance of any region with
approximately half of the industry's profits, amounting to $15.7B (Business Insider, Jun–15). The overall industry is projected to generate $29.3B in
collective profits in 2015 from revenues of $727B. Growth in developing markets will help drive a 4%–6% increase in passenger demand, measured in
revenue passenger kilometers (RPKs). Much of the growth in the airline industry can be attributed to more passenger departures, which have increased
6.5% YoY (IATA, Jun
–15). This suggests that while there is an increase in the number of departures, the average flight is shorter. A drop in the price of
oil ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Careful management of capacity has been an integral part of US airlines' strategy and consolidation has given US airlines an element of pricing
power. Despite a concentrated effort from the majority of airlines to resist capacity expansion, investors are concerned that expansion by some
airlines is putting too many seats into the market, which could disrupt the balance between supply and demand at the same time that oil prices have
climbed 34% since a 2015 low on March 17 (current price for Brent oil is $54/bbl.). However, most airlines will likely resist expanding capacity rather
than use their fuel cost savings to pursue market share gains (Bloomberg Business, May–15).
Moody's projects that ROIC for rated US airlines will improve sharply in 2015 as lower fuel costs and capacity discipline spur growth in profits. The
average ROICs for 2010–2014 for Delta, Southwest and United were 10.8%, 8.4% and 7.5%, respectively. Moody's believes that each of these
companies can keep their ROICs above these historical averages if the industry maintains capacity discipline, and the price of Brent oil remains below
$100/bbl (Mar–15). CAGR from 2005 to 2014 for airline revenues in the US was 5%. EBITDA margin also increased from 9.5% in 2013 to 11.8% in
2014. The

Foreign Subsidiary Investment Plan Case: Multinational...
Foreign Subsidiary Investment Plan
Case: Multinational Capital Budgeting
China & Australia
Hypothetical Incorporated
MBA AF 626 Fall 2011
International Financial Management
Professor XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
Table of Contents PART I– Analysis: Australia vs. ChinaA. Country Analysis1. Economic Environment3 2. Social Environment10 3. Political
Environment12 B. Industry Analysis1. Aluminum Industry in Australia17 2. Airline Industry in China18
PART II–Capital Budget Analysis1. Weighted Average Cost of Capital19 2.
Net Present Value20 3. Scenario Analysis21 PART III– Conclusion:
Investment Decision23 References ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These surpluses have been used primarily to retire government debt and Australia's budget deficit was more than 2% in 2009–10. Australia reported a
budget deficit equivalent to 4.3 percent of the GDP for fiscal year's 2009–10 (TradingEconomics, 2011), indicating Australia's fiscal position is slightly
riskier than the years before. The gap increases the possibility that the government will need to take actions which could adversely influence the
nation's economic health, such as resorting to expropriations of property, raising taxes, or printing money, in order to meet its promises unless there is
not enough capital to finance current investment opportunities. Otherwise unsavory consequences such as capital flight could dry up new investment,

affecting incentives to work, save, and take risks, and which would result in monetary instability, highinflation, high interest rates, currency
depreciation, etc. On a side note, it is important to point out that the deficits are not big enough to define Australia as fiscal irresponsible.
Monetary instability leads to large and unpredictable changes in the money supply whereby central banks attempt to monetize the debt through
increasing interest rates which result in higher inflation. Inflation is the logical outcome of an expansion of the money supply in excess of real output
growth. It also reflects erosion in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of

Boeing vs Airbus
The commercial airplane manufacturing industry is dominated by two large players, Boeing and Airbus. They operate in a very competitive
environment and the strategies of one strongly impact the business of the other.
For almost 40 years, the Boeing 747 or Jumbo Jet, the largest airplane in the world, has enjoyed a monopoly and has brought in large profits for Boeing.
Roughly 10 years ago, Airbus decided to look into to the possibility of manufacturing an even larger and more efficient plane.
Your assignment is to write up a case study on Airbus ' decision to product what is now called the Airbus 380. In your study include the international
competitive environment, the need (or lack of) for a super Jumbo, and the implications on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also has a lower cabin noise and the effects of jetlag than the Boeing 747.
At 555 passengers, the A380 's seating capacity represents a 35% increase over the 747–400 in a standard three–class configuration, along with a 50%
larger cabin volume – producing more space per passenger. If, however, the plane is ordered in an all–economy–class configuration, it can hold up to
853 passengers; its maximum certified carrying capacity.
Airport compatibility
The A380 was designed to fit within an 80 x 80 m airport gate[33], and can land or take off on any runway that can take a Boeing 747. However,
airports used by the A380 in commercial service may need infrastructure modifications. Its large wingspan can require some taxiway and apron
reconfigurations, to maintain safe separation margins when two of the aircraft pass each other. Taxiway shoulders may be required to be paved to
reduce the likelihood of foreign object damage caused to (or by) the outboard engines, which overhang more than 25 m (80 ft) from the centre line
of the aircraft. Any taxiway or runway bridge must be capable of supporting the A380 's maximum weight. The terminal gate must be sized such that
the A380 's wings do not block adjacent gates, and may also provide multiple jetway bridges for simultaneous boarding on both decks. Service
vehicles with lifts capable of reaching the upper deck must be obtained, as well as tractors capable of

The Profitability Of The Airline Industry
In terms of liquidity Delta is not doing so well. Their current ratio has deteriorated consecutively the past four years and is the lowest in the past
decade at .49. Delta's Quick ratio of .35 reported in the last quarter is concerning considering anything below 1 may be an indicator of bankruptcy.
Furthermore, their quick ratio has decreased by an annual average of about 5% in the past decade. (The quick ratio is particularly important in
evaluating a company in the airline industry because they are capital intensive.) While the industry generally has lower quick ratios than others, Delta's
is significantly lower than the industry average reported in 2012 as 4.68.
In terms of solvency, Delta has done very well. Except for the recession ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Delta's ROA in 2015 and 2016 of 8.44% and 8.38% respectively were well above the industry averages of 5.4% and 5.1%.
Delta's key financial strategy is to maximize shareholder returns. They have been able to pay their shareholders by increasing their free cash flow by an
average of 152% annually since 2010. Their free cash flow is much higher than the industry average and they have done so by limiting capital spending
as much as possible by purchasing used aircrafts.
Even though Delta is lagging in liquidity, their low current assets and quick ratio may be attributed to the low cost of their assets, which also happens
to be part of their key strategy of maximizing shareholder wealth. This strategy has lead them to be the leader in the industry
Strategic Objectives
During Delta's Annual Investor's day in December of 2015, company President Ed Bastian stressed the importance of their investors. He said, "Much
of what we want to do today is grow that confidence level in the marketplace and in the investor base, and continue to pursue higher returns for our
owners." He also emphasized the importance of long–term goals and not relying on short–term benefits, such as cheaper fuel prices. The chief human
resources officer attributed their success to their employee culture and said that they "deliver results time and time again". Bastian also spoke about the
importance of international partnerships for long–term success, investment in technology, and offering

Gulfstream Aerospace
Business to Business Marketing Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation
_"The flattening of the corporate organization requires key managers and leaders to travel. These executives are giving all their time and the company
is enhancing its investment with improved time of travel using business aircraft,"–_ Gulfstream Aerospace Corp.
In today's business scenario, leadership teams are shrinking. That means fewer people make the business happen. High salaries make executives' time
cost a major concern – shareholders get mad if the executive gets paid big dollars and he doesn't deliver. The cost of wasted travel time becomes a
significant issue. Businesses are penetrating areas where the airlines don't go without taking an extra day to get there. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The second most frequent source of business aircraft services is charter flights. Charter is very flexible and can be especially effective in supporting
specific purposes. Less connectivity to many emerging markets like eastern Europe renders the commercial flights a highly unlikely mode for the
business traveler. Several reputable companies have geared up to meet that need. Global Aviation, based in Singapore, is working closely with China
Southern Airways to provide access to 80 destinations within the People's Republic of China. In 1996, Jet Aviation opened full
–service facilities in
Singapore. Dassault Falcon Jet is also involved in Hong Kong–based charter services that support Pacific rim business travelers.
The other main concern about using charter services is the cost. Charter services are usually more expensive than the airlines or the use of
comparable business aircraft for a specific trip. However, they are a lot less expensive than owning an aircraft for a hundred hours or so of use per year.
The third business aircraft access option is the fastest–growing segment of business aviation: fractional aircraft ownership. Fractional share ownership
is what its name implies: You can buy as little as an eighth of an aircraft, with an allocation of 100 passenger hours of use. The costs include the initial
capital investment, monthly fixed charges and per–flight–hour charges.
In view of the above stated needs of the consumer, the Gulfstream Aerospace plans to

Delta Airlines Financial Analysis
"Delta Tops Airline Performance Ranking", according to Justin Worland's 2014 article in TIME magazine. The article continues about how Airfare
watchdog's annual rankings raised Deltas performance from sixth place in 2013 to king of the airways in 2104. Delta Airlines Inc.'s performance is
the best option for fliers; provide Delta service their region, which is highly probable (Worland, 2014).
To receive such an accolade there must be supportive data for researches to quantify. According to the article, the data used in the ranking contained:
flight cancellations, on–time arrivals, baggage mishandling, denied boarding's, and customer satisfaction. Even though this collection of data is vital
for performance ratings, is there more data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Synergy with other Sky Team members that stretch out to all corners of the globe while sharing best practices enhances the company's performance
(Canadean, 2015). The 20–team members include Aeroflot, Aerolineas Argentinas, AeroMexico, Air Europa, Air France, Alitalia, China Airlines, China
Eastern, China Southern, Czech Airlines, Delta, Garuda Indonesia, Kenya Airways, KLM, Korean Air, Middle Eastern Airlines, Saudia, Tarom,
Vietnam Airlines, and Xiamen Airlines (Sky–Team, 2015).
Finally, in the strengths category, Delta has a strong market posture. Delta is an established leader in theairline carrier commerce. Deltas brand image is
complemented by the multiple prestigious awards in its portfolio, for example, Travel + Leisure's Social Media in Travel & Tourism Award
(SMITTYS) for 'Best Single Social Media Promotion for a US Airline' for its 'Behind–The–Scenes: Your Bag's Journey On Delta' video in 2012. Other
key awards received in the 2012 include the 'Top Tech–Friendly U.S. Airline' by PC World Magazine, and was awarded Gold DC Ad Club's ADDY
Award for the Delta app, Windows version (World Market,

Southwest Airlines : Case Analysis Of The Air Southwest...
History
. Originally the company name was Air Southwest Company, which started on March 15, 1967, by Rollin King and Herb Kelleher. "They began with
one simple notion: If you get your passengers to their destinations when they want to get there, on time, at the lowest possible fares, and make darn
sure they have a good time doing it, people will fly your airline" ( Southwest Airlines, 2017). King and Kelleher's also had other intentions, for instance,
to fly within the state of Texas without being required to pay federal regulations while undercutting its competitors' prices. The airline would find
themselves in litigation for the next 4 to 5 years until they are able to prove their cases merit which was finalized in1970 by the Supreme Court.
Consequently, after winning their case on March 29, 1971, Air Southwest Co. changed its name to what is now known as Southwest Airlines Company.
Products & Services
Southwest Airlines offers an array of products and services with the first priority is to connect people to what's important in their lives through friendly,
reliable, and low–cost air travel ( Southwest Airlines , 2017). Secondly, they offer Business Select, Wi–Fi, Mobile Access, Early Bird check–in, Paws,
express bag drop, cargo, self–tagging, in flight movies, drinks, meals, and even flight upgrades (EDGAR, 2017). They have a generous rewards
program called Rapid Rewards, where you can redeem points for free travel. Southwest offers credit cards through their partnership

Understanding The Communication Audit And Goals, Before...
Table of content
1Introduction.................................................................................2
2Definition....................................................................................2
2.1What is communication audit?.....................................................................2
2.2What is communication audit trying to achieve?.........................................2
3Qantas........................................................................................3
3.1Identify Qantas's current target audiences and their perception and motivation............................................................................3
3.2Identify Qantas' goals ..............................................................3
3.3Methods to assess perception of current communication......................4
3.4Identify issues and opportunities...................................................4
3.5Identify the effectiveness of Qantas' internal and external communication...4
3.6Identify and comparison with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How supportive is the internal environment for public relations activities?
What is the goal or mission of the organization?
What the issues raised from their previous performance?
What are the strengthen or weakness of the current situation?
What sort of measures the organization need to take to address these issues? Etc.
2Definition

2.1What is communication audit and?
"A communication audit is a systematic research method, which will identify the strengths and weaknesses of your current internal and external
communications."
An effective communication audit will help organization find out how they deal with their communication with their stakeholders in the past and
identify the current internal and external issues within and without the organization.
2.2What is communication audit trying to achieve?
First identify the issues in the real world scenario. By researching and evaluating the organization, give a report of the present situation that the
organization is facing to with SWOT methods. Also identify who is the stakeholder and what's their perception about the what Qantas has done so far.
By the end, this audit will also provide a recommendation and steps to fix the issues thus creating another flying start for the organization.
3Qantas
Australis's largest Airline, Qantas, serves both international and domestic air flights, has over 8200 flights every week with 33,600 employees and 8
million

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