Risk Of Doing Business In China

Risk of Doing Business in China
Risks in Doing Business in China E &Y China Key Points For multinational companies, China's market has started to
come of age. Despite the opportunities along with China's WTO entry and opening up, doing business in China remains
very challenging at the operational level for MNCs. Regulatory Risks Managing the regulatory environment remains a
real issue for foreign firms operating in China. They have to learn how to deal with red tape, "guanxi (relationship)" and
make breakthrough in the thicket of regulations and restrictions. Entry Modes Different entry modes bring different risks
and returns. Foreign enterprises should weigh and balance those risk factors. Mergers and Acquisitions With ... Show
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These issues affect all companies, but present the most serious challenge to small foreign firms that are new to China and
lack international and country–specific experience. Larger firms are coming up with strategies to address these issues, if
not resolve them. Regulatory Risks – Overview During the last few years much of the economy has been deregulated, a
process that was well under way before December 2001, the date of China's accession to the WTO. During the 1990s
almost all of the former industrial ministries and state commissions were abolished, cutting the number of institutions and
officials at the centre looking to be involved in business affairs. Some old school planning apparatchiks have no doubt
survived but there are fewer options for them to slake their thirst for control. Many state–owned enterprises have been
sold off and a large proportion of those that remain have lost market share to private domestic firms and foreign–invested
enterprises (FIEs). China's thicket of regulations has been cut back and the rules that remain have gradually become more
institutionalized. The picture that characterized much of the 1980s and 1990s–everyone from multinational managers to
Chinese officials groping their way forward, often making things up as they went along–is no longer representative of the
business environment. Foreign firms in different sectors have greater understanding of the
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Conoco Phillips Strategic Management
Comprehensive Analysis and Recommendation Report Submittal Date: May 3rd, 2013. Table of Contents 1.Executive
Summary............................................................................................3 2.History /
Origins..................................................................................................4 3.Company Split–
2012...........................................................................................6 4.Porters Five
Forces.............................................................................................7 a. Barriers to
Entry............................................................................. 7 b. Bargaining Power of Suppliers.............................................8 ...
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History / Origins According to the company 's website, ConocoPhillips can have its origins traced back to 1875, with the
Conoco founder Isaac E. Blake having the idea to have kerosene available to the public in an affordable way, in the
Ogden, Utah region. In the early twentieth century, the Phillips brothers began drilling with great success. After both
companies were strong individual success, they formed a merger ConocoPhillips, with the strengths of oil and gas that
merged in 2002 to form a partnership. Being a strong competitor in the industry, the main competitors include the likes of
BP, ExxonMobil, etc. Although new competition is quite unlikely, ConocoPhillips must be quite cautious in terms of
price sensitivity and integration. The reasoning behind this is the extreme competitive nature of the industry, and the
minute differences between the top tiers of competition. The years leading up to the formation of ConocoPhillips were
marked by moments of triumph and challenges. Several of these moments highlighted both Conoco and Phillips'
pioneering spirits. Phillips led the path in innovation by becoming the first company to develop and market propane for
home heating and cooking, building the first long–distance multi–product pipeline and inventing a process to make high–
octane gasoline possible. Conoco used its pioneering spirit to develop the first filling station in the

The Media Of The Oil Spill Of 2010 From China, The United...
Modern culture thrives on news media as our primary source of information, but this creates an information overload
from all of the various perspectives in coverage. Media coverage is essential is our development and understanding of
international affairs. Therefore, the biases in coverage can have drastic effects in our interpretation of world's news.
Countries tend to present their news in a way that favors them and their governmental responses, but coverage of other
nations can be telling of their relations. The use of word choice, tone, and even selective use of quotes can have drastic
effects on people's perceptions of the information from the media. This can be observed in the media analysis of the
Xingang Port oil spill of 2010 through news sources from China, the United States, and Ireland. While some nuances of
American news media still portray competition between the United States and China, the portrayal of the oil spill proves
that both countries are working toward improving relations with each other.
The relationship between China and United States previous to the spill was pretty stable in regards to oil and energy. But
the United States was feeling increasingly frustrated with the Chinese trade policy as they refused to revalue the Yuan. In
2010, China was both the second largest consumer and the second largest importer of crude oil behind the United States
(Hays). China had begun collecting oil for its national oil reserve in 2004 and most of this oil is

Energy Security in the Asia Pacific Region
ENERGY SECURITY IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION To meet China's fast rising energy demands, Chinese leaders
exerted great effort with a market–oriented approach and a state–centered approach. The market–oriented approach look
for energy safety by better assimilation of national and international markets ...state intervention would be restricted to
the dispersal of data in a multilateral context, the help of innovation, and, for few management of a strategic oil reserve
which would be applied in case of fleeting supply interruption. In contrast, the state–centered approach is based upon
neo–mercantilist a thought that relies on bilateral diplomatic contacts with oil producing countries to strengthen energy
security by the use of national resource and state–owned enterprise investments in overseas energy resources and firm
control of exports and imports of energy products. Though market–oriented economic change has been the way of post–
Mao reforms, the market–oriented approach has not increased momentum in the energy division because the Chinese
leadership has mull over China's energy security tactically 'too significant to be left to market forces alone'. Taking over
offices in 2002, 'President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao decided that securing unwavering supplies of petroleum and
added scare resources was not merely critical to maintained economic development, but also essential to China's national
security'. Within 2003, Premier Wen Jiabao made official a seven small

Case Analysis : Enbridge Inc.
Enbridge Inc. is a Canadian energy company intending to build two opposite flowing parallel pipelines, transporting
crude oil westbound from the rich Athabasca tar sands, and natural gas condensate eastbound from the coast of British
Columbia. The purpose of transporting bitumen to the west coast is in order to have an outlet to the Pacific Ocean and
subsequently export to the growing Asian oil markets via oil tankers. Alberta's tar sands are estimated to have 166 billion
barrels of proven reserves as of 2014, and production capacity has reached 2.3 million barrels per day (Government of
Alberta, 2014). The "gateway" to the subsequent Asian markets will thus lead to the intensification of oil extraction to a
projected 6.2 million barrels ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The project is high risk, high reward for all the stakeholders involved, which is why Enbridge is being held to such a high
standard of safety and security, with the National Energy Board approving the project under 209 conditions. Costs of
constructing the pipeline are estimated to range from $5.5 to $7.5 Billion. Figure 1– Proposed route of Northern Gateway
Pipeline in relation to the Alberta tar sands and the Douglas Channel. Alberta's tar sands are considered one of the largest
crude oil deposits in the world, and remain largely untapped. Out of all Canada's current oil exports, 99% of it goes to the
United States (Government of Canada, 2015). This high dependence leaves the Canadian oil industry susceptible to the
(lack of) demand in American markets. The necessity for the emergence of new oil markets is an imperative concern for
Canada, considering the proposed Keystone XL pipeline faces substantial opposition in the U.S that threatens their
reliance on the Canadian oil sands. Investment in the project is mostly from foreign entities, as Enbridge makes up less
than half of the partnership. Major investments are coming from Asia's largest refinery company Sinopec Corp, China's
National Offshore Oil Co. that bought out Calgary's Nexen for a reported $15.1 billion in 2013, and PetroChina, which
have a large stake in the new oil sands

A Comparison of Exxon and Chevron
Executive Summary Exxon and Chevron are no doubt some of the leading incorporated oil companies on the globe.
Exxon Corp. is the second largest oil firm after Royal Dutch Shell, it is respected for getting the biggest revenue return in
2008 which no company in the U.S. have ever reported before. According to Wilson (2009) Chevron has managed to
show a lot of profitability in the market despite the decease in its oil production. It graded as one of firms which made a
billion dollars profit within a week in the period of July to September 2008. Regardless of profitability trends set by the
two oil firms in the U.S. market, they have been facing financial decline like the rest of the companies in other industries.
The two firms are like two sailing ships which are taking longer time to sink. In the last few years, the production
capacity of Chevron and Exxon has decreased and their listings on the stock market have become weak. The continuation
of construction and drilling which requires billions of dollars in expense of oil production might make them experience a
bigger financial crisis (Wilson, 2009). Exxon and Chevron are so different in a number of ways. When you compare
Chevron to Exxon, Chevron is a smaller firm. The ratios of Exxon are relatively larger than Chevron's. Nevertheless,
Chevron has a got a wide net working capital and market ratio than its counterpart Exxon. This therefore, means that
because its larger networking capital, Chevron needs a lot of money

Natural Gas Business in Indonesia
3Natural Gas Business in Indonesia
Introduction
Gas is an energy future of Indonesia. It is a fact that cannot be denied anymore. Based on existing data, throughout 2010
there were new discoveries of gas reserves are significant enough to achieve 2.09 trillion cubic feet, while the discovery
of oil only amounted to 140 million barrels only. On January 1, 2011, proved reserves position and potential of gas in
Indonesia reached 153.72 trillion cubic feet of proven and potential reserves and crude oil for 7.41 billion Barrels.
(BPMIGAS Bulletin Issue, 2011)
If the reserves are produced with current production levels then the Indonesia's oil reserves will run out for 12 years,
while Indonesia's natural gas reserves are still able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Natural Gas Business Scheme
In 2001 to 2008, sales of natural gas from KKKS have never been done in an open tender, natural gas can be sold directly
to natural gas distribution companies without any tender, in other words, KKKS never announced to the media
(newspapers, websites etc.) regarding the potential for natural gas that will be commercialized. Hence, Natural Gas
Distribution companies who have network to KKKS will benefit from this kind of process. The process of selling gas
without open tender as mentioned above can lead to unethical business behavior, because KKKS is the only one who
gained full authorization from BPMIGAS to control the commercialization process but KKKS did not doing a transparent
business process.
What KKKS doing is not in accordance with the principles of good corporate governance that includes Transparency,
accountability, responsibility, independency, and fairness to attain a company's sustainability by also considering the
interests of stakeholders. (Binhaldi, 2006)
To avoid unethical business behavior, commercialization of natural gas process by KKKS must be done transparently.
KKKS must Provide timely, Appropriate, clear, accurate and comparable information accessible to stakeholders that their
rights commensurate with (Binhaldi , 2006).
Indonesian Natural Gas Business in 2009 – 2011
In 2009, BPMIGAS issued

Crude Oil Last 10 Years
INTRODUCTION
The role of petroleum products in our lives is unquestionable. It is safe to say that oil is the cornerstone of our
civilization. A pessimist might argue that without oil our industrial society will collapse and there will be rapid decline in
the world population. But again that is a pessimist's view, personally we would like to think that we will in near future
find other energy sources on which we can depend and build our civilization to reach the next milestone.
In this report we have tried to highlight the fluctuations of crude oil during the period of 2001–10. The scope of this
report is limited only to this period as we believe that events that took place during this decade had the potential to
change the oil game so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus the oil market participants – producers, refiners, marketers, and traders – would not have one of their bases for
setting prices in their contracts and other transactions. It does not appear that the oil industry was materially affected by
the closing of the Nymex, which, in any event, resumed all operations in about one week. While the immediate effect of
the attacks on petroleum markets was to drive prices up, market forces – reflecting little change in supply and demand –
acted quickly, and crude oil prices eased within little more than a week. Average crude oil prices paid by U.S. refiners
actually declined for the month of September 2001 – falling to $20.82 per barrel from $24.08 in the previous month.
2002:
After moving lower in 2001, crude oil prices moved higher in 2002 reaching over $30 per barrel in September 2002.
Higher prices were supported by a number of factors. One was the ongoing U.S. war on terrorism and rising tensions
with Iraq. There was the likely potential that military action would be taken against Iraq that would disrupt the supply of
crude oil to the market. With that issue still not settled as 2002 drew to a close, crude oil prices continued to find support.
While there were factors supporting higher prices, there were also factors working against them. The Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) after a meeting in 2001 agreed that production of oil would be cut. The

Financial Analysis of Exxon Mobil Corporation
Introduction
This report consists of financial analysis of Exxon Mobil Corporation and it is based on the company annual report for
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, on the company's official documents placed at their website and on other
appropriate sources. For convenience and simplicity, in this report the terms ExxonMobil, Exxon, Esso and Mobil, as
well as terms like Corporation, Company, their and its, are sometimes used as abbreviated references to specific affiliates
or groups of affiliates.
This report doesn't include calculation of share's fair value and potential of its growth in comparison with current market
price, but analysis based recommendation for Exxon Mobil shares is made in the report conclusion.
Company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are two primary factors influenced the market of energy: population and economic output (Exxon Mobil,
www.exxonmobil.com). According to International Energy Agency (International Energy Agency, www.oilmarket.org)
global oil product demand will rise up from 84.5 mb/d in 2006 to 86.1 mb/d in 2007, and in forecast for 2030 will grow
1.8% per year. The world oil prices are forecasted to decline from $68 per barrel in 2006 to $49 per barrel in 2014, then
rise to $59 per barrel in 2030 ($95 per barrel on a nominal basis). Total world liquids consumption rises to 118 million
barrels per day in 2030.
Analysis of Profitability
General analysis
The analysis of Exxon Mobil was performed on its consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP,
where all affiliates with more 50% control were included. The company didn't have discontinued operations in the
reported report, so all activities were continuing operations.
Figure 1
Indicators Unit 2006 2005 2004 Change 06/05 Change 06/05, % Change 05/04, %
Total turnover USD m 377 635 370 680 298 035 6 955 1.9% 24.4%
Operating revenue USD m 365 467 358 955 291 252 6 512 1.8% 23.2%
Net profit USD m 39 500 36 130 25 330 3 370 9.3% 42.6%
Profitability % 11.68% 10.80% 9.29% 8.2% 16.3%
Capital Employed USD m 123 855 121 291 112 630 2 564 2.1% 7.7%
Return on
Capital Employed % 32.2% 31.3% 23.8% 0 2.9% 31.5%
Source: Exxon

Exxon Mobile Capstone
MGMT 619: Capstone Spring 2011 Prof. Darrel Mank Prepared by: Kannan Ananthanarayanan Pranav Bhajiwala Foram
Gandhi Kristine Garner Rajesh Goudar Venkat Iyer 1. WALL STREET JOURNAL ARTICLE AND THE EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY ............................................................................ 1 WALL STREET JOURNAL
ARTICLE......................................................................................................................................................1 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................................................2
Major Issues ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
16 Chemical
Industry............................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Primary Competitors .........................................................................................................................................................16
Oil
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................
16 Natural
Gas....................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Chemicals
......................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Primary Competitors' Business Level and Corporate Level Strategy .................................................................................17
How Competitors Achieve Their Strategic Position ...........................................................................................................18
Value – Cost Profile

China National Offshore Oil Corporation: Organizational...
MBA 684 Organizational Analysis | 4/2/2013 | Professor Mark Lee | Nick Chen | 目录 Executive Summary 2 Company
Overview 3 Organizational Structure 4 Organizational Culture and Social Responsibility 4 Organizational Strategies 5
Opportunities in the Domestic Environment 6 Overseas Acquisitions 7 Strength of Organization 9 Threat of Organization
10 Products and Services Offered by CNOOC 11 Information Technology and Control Systems 12 Organization Size and
Life Cycle 13 Innovation and Change 13 Summary of Key Findings 14 Figure I 16 Figure II 17 Figure III 18 References
19 Executive Summary China National Offshore Oil Corporation is a mega government owned company. The company
is the largest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nowadays, CNOOC has registered capital of 94.9 billion RMB and current employs 98,750 people and has recorded
revenues of 75,514 million US dollars, which accounts for 44.1 percent of increase from the previous year, and profits of
8,836 million US dollars, which accounts for 22.1 percent of growth from 2011. The company was ranked at 101st in the
rankings of Fortune Global 500, compared with 162nd in 2011. The large number of employees compares with Exxon's
number of 99,100. Probably, this is because of the large number of population of China. As a state–owned enterprise,
CNOOC needs to help government deal with the problem of unemployment. Organizational Structure China National
Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) is headquartered in Beijing and has four major branches in mainland China, which
are located in Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Zhanjiang. The branch of Tianjin is mainly responsible for Bo Hai
Operation area. The branch of Shanghai is responsible for the East China Sea. The Shenzhen branch is responsible for the
east of South China Sea, and the Zhanjiang branch is in charge of the west side of South China Sea. In order to enhance
implementation of strategies and quality of production and optimize the allocation of resources, the corporation sets up
nineteen separated departments. The whole organizational structure is set as Figure I. Based on the figure

Annual Report Rolls-Royce
TeAmwork And Technology
Rolls–Royce Group plc Annual report 2010
Trusted to deliver excellence
BUSIneSS reVIew
01 Introduction and highlights 02 Chairman's statement 04 Chief Executive's review 08 Our consistent strategy 20
Market outlook 22 Key performance indicators 26 Principal risks and uncertainties 28 Review of operations 28 civil
aerospace 30 defence aerospace 32 marine 34 energy 36 engineering and technology 38 operations 40 Services 42
Sustainability 48 Finance Director's review
goVernAnce
56 56 58 58 59 62 63 63 64 67 78 80 81 81 Chairman's introduction Board of directors The Group Executive The
International Advisory Board Governance structure Audit committee report Nominations committee report Ethics
committee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
MATURITY PROFILE OF THE GROUP DEBT COMMITMENTS £m
567
132
201
201
600 400
500
£m 01 Rolls–Royce Group plc annual report 2010 1 48
1
1
16.00
p
p
955
£m

£m
10
10
Governance
Business review
CReate woRld–ClaSS pRoduCtS aNd teChNology INtegRate Complex SyStemS delIVeR global SolutIoNS
10
Business review
ChaIRmaN'S StatemeNt
" this has been a testing year, both for the world economy and for Rolls–Royce. I am therefore delighted to report that
Rolls–Royce has performed well in these challenging circumstances."
Business review
the group conducts business on a global basis and has customers in 120 countries. It is this broad

Exxon Mobil Financial Anaysis
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.2 Corporate Background 1 a. Industry 2 b. Products 2 c. Target market 3 d.
Competitive environment 3 2. Income Statement Measures and Discussion 5 a. Exxon Mobil Income Statement 5 b. Net
Cash Flow 6 c. Net Operating Profit after Tax (NOPAT) 6 d. Operating Cash Flow (OCF) 7 2.1 Balance Sheet Measures
and Discussion 8 a. Exxon Mobil Balance Sheet 8 b. Net Operating Working Capital (NOWC) 8 c. Total Operating
Capital 10 d. Net Investment in OPC and Gross Investment in OPC 10 2.2 Free Cash Flow (FCF) 11 3. Financial Ratios
12 a. Quick ratio 12 b. Debt to total asset ratio 13 c. TIE ratio 13 d. P/E ratio 14 e. Market/Book Ratio 14 4. ... Show
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Exxon, Esso, and Mobil are three of Exxon Mobil's brands that provide fuels, services and lubricants to fulfill personal
and business needs. Their products drive modern transportation, power cities, lubricate industry and provide
petrochemical building blocks that lead to thousands of consumer goods. c. Target market Exxon Mobil being the world's
largest publicly traded international oil and gas company has a very large target market because they supply a high
percentage of the people who use energy on a daily bases. Exxon Mobil's customer mission statement is "Success
depends on our ability to consistently satisfy ever–changing customer preferences. We commit to be innovative and
responsive, while offering high quality products and services at competitive prices." d. Competitive environment
The Major Integrated Oil and Gas industry is a very competitive environment. There is no room for relaxation, for a
company to be at the top, they must always have to strive to make their product or product better. Below is a list of the
top ten competitors of Exxon Mobil. As you can see from the chart below, Exxon Mobil is the leader in this industry and
is the largest publicly traded international oil and Gas Company. Exxon Mobil's Net income compared to its number of
employee's is where one can see how much better

CNPC CSR report
2012 Corporate Social Responsibility Report
China National Petroleum Corporation
About the Report
This is China National Petroleum Corporation's seventh annual Corporate Social
Responsibility Report since 2006. This report accurately represents what we did in 2012 to honor our commitments to the
economy, the environment and society. It is important that we provide the following information:
Reporting company: China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
Alternative reference: China National Petroleum Corporation is also referred to in this report as "CNPC",
"the Company", "we" and "us".
Timeframe: January 1 to December 31, 2012. Given the continuity and comparability of the disclosed information, part
of the information may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a corporate citizen following high moral and ethical standards, CNPC is committed to honoring its economic,
environmental and social responsibilities, and working with all stakeholders to promote sustainability. We strive to
provide reliable and quality products and services, and live up to the expectations of all stakeholders including investors.
We are keenly aware that the Company's sustainable growth can never be achieved without economic, environmental and
social sustainability.
The global energy map is changing. Therefore, how to safely and efficiently deliver oil and gas from resource locations to
consumers has become essential for oil companies. Supported by our industry chain with global reach, in particular the
five overseas cooperative areas and three oil and gas operation centers, we are able to coordinate supply and demand
between producing areas and markets through international trade. In 2012, our international trade volume surpassed 300
million tons for the first time, which helped to balance the global energy market.
Upholding the mission of "Caring for Energy, Caring for You", we aim to build a green, international and sustainable
company. We have never relented in our efforts to ensure stable energy supply, promote green development, advance the
development of our employees and support community development. In this report, we

Analysis Of The Torrance Refinery With 25 Safety Violations
In an earlier report, Cal/OSHA had previously cited the Torrance refinery with 25 safety violations in November 2014
(Kenealy, 2015). Following the explosion, workers at the refinery voiced their concerns over these past and present
violations and even conducted a strike involving 7,000 employees across 15 refineries. The strike was intended to bring
awareness to the occupational hazards created by ExxonMobil's failed safety protocols and procedures. By not addressing
these problems earlier when these violations were identified, incidents like the Torrance explosion could perhaps be
resolved before they become troublesome. The failure to do so has cost the company greatly in monetary damages as they
pay out fines to the federal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With new protocols in place, it is estimated by the EPA that ExxonMobil will spend up to $20 million to upgrade their
existing storage units for wastewater to prevent future contamination of the environment (Fowler, 2013). State courts
have also come down on ExxonMobil for not adhering to environmental codes. ExxonMobil agreed to pay $225 million
to the state of New Jersey after it was found that its Linden and Bayonne refineries had been polluting the surrounding
environment (Snow, 2015). The case initially brought forth an $8.9 billion lawsuit against ExxonMobil for polluting
wetlands and bodies of water, but was negotiated and eventually settled between the two parties (Dawsey, 2015). While
the financial impact of this lawsuit is clear, it is also important to note that these standards exist to protect the welfare of
ecosystems and the people and animals who live in them. Government regulation has been shown to be strict in these
matters and the result is a crushing economic loss for ExxonMobil. Moreover, ExxonMobil loses credibility in these
regions as residents are made aware of the environmental damages happening in their own backyards. GROWING
PRODUCTION COSTS The phrase, "You have to spend money to make money", is no stranger to the oil and gas
industry. ExxonMobil has seen an increase in its production costs over the past four years as the processes necessary to
conduct business have proved to be more expensive. The very act of drilling

Fluctuating Fuel Prices
Shane Kearns
Bellevue University
Business Communication
5/29/13
This paper will dicuss the rising prices on fuel over the past few years. It will involve the trucking industry and explain
how the rising of gas prices has effected trucking company. Crude Oil prices have passing over one hundred dollars a
barrel. This has effected many independent owners–operators. This article will dicuss why some independent owners
have decided that it is no longer profitable to drive a truck. Some owners have taking a different approach with the rise of
crude oil. The article will discuss how some owners have reduced horsepower in the engines of their trucks in order to
increase profit and have also choice to run day routes in smaller trucks. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rise of crude oil has also effected the sales of trucks. With comapnays no buying or spending as much on a truck has
hurt the econonmy. High desiel prices are a consequence of capitalism. As all fuel prices have been going up people are
blaming the federal govenerment. They believe the president has influence of derterming the outcomes of tensions
betwwen Israel and Iran. Some people blame incrased prices based on fears around the world. It all comes down to one
thing to blame, capitalism. Calitalism can be great to an economic system because of its emphasis on efficienc and
inbradible success rate at allowing those who control the means of production and resources to meet the demands of
those with purchasing power. Capitalism is constantly evolveing and will impact the gap between current and future goals
on oil prices.
The top five Oil and Gas companies are: Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, National Iranian Oil Company, ExxonMobil and
PetroChina. These company work together by using some sort of scare tatic in order to raise fuel prices. Take
ExxonMobil for example, these companys have combinded forces in the United to States. These companies tell the
American people gas prices went up due to the fact that there oil refineories are under maintaince. As a result gas price
increase Where as in the 1990's when these were two serpeate companies they had to compete with each other and prices
were much lower. The growth in capitalism has

Under The Dome Research Paper
INTRODUCTION
October 29, 2015, the People's Republic of China's (PRC) state–run news agency Xinhua announces the government's
plan to end the iconic one–child policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s, allowing up to two children per family.
Originally implemented to preserve economic growth from an excessively fast–growing population, this new move
marks a watershed in China's situation, confronted to a low female–to–male ratio and an aging population. Yet, despite
massive dissuasion campaigns, fines, and forced abortions, flaws in the enforcement of this policy have given way to
many means of bypassing the law. Some hospitals in Southern China propose fertility drugs designed for multiple birth,
that is having twins, triplets or quadruplets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These methods constitute modern examples of the concept at the center of our study: circumvention of established order.
By circumvention, we understand the act of getting around or skirting something, and by order, we mean not only
government authority and laws, but also administrative institutions, traditional economic practices and customs, as well
as social and moral standards.
In Under the Dome (穹顶之下), a documentary film on air pollution in China released on February 28, 2015, former
China Central Television journalist Chai Jing does not simply blame industrialists responsible for steel and coal factories
and state–owned oil and gas companies, mainly China National Petroleum Corporation and its sub–branches PetroChina
and Sinopec. She also, and perhaps most importantly, points out the responsibility of the government and its Ministry of
Environmental Protection, who are unable to enforce environmental regulation and anti–pollution laws in a society
focused on economic performance. Rather than a factual and scientifically–accurate account of China's situation, Ms.
Chai's documentary takes on a simplified but didactic approach and

Petrobras
9–204–043 REV: MARCH 10, 2004 MIHIR DESAI Drilling South: Petrobras Evaluates Pecom If you live in our
neighborhood, you 've got to look at Argentina. It 's going through a major crisis today, but it is the second largest market
in South America.1 – Francisco Gros, CEO, Petrobras João Nogueira Batista, Chief Financial Officer of the Brazilian
firm Petrobras, reflected on Gros's words as he prepared for a Board of Directors meeting in July 2002. The main item on
the Board's agenda was the proposed acquisition of an Argentinean firm, the Perez Companc Group, or Pecom.2 The
acquisition would significantly increase Petrobras's oil and gas production and add to its oil reserves. It would also
provide the mainly Brazilian–based ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Petrobras's official monopoly ended in January 2002, when the Brazilian government deregulated domestic prices for
crude oil and oil products. Petrobras's first discoveries were made onshore in the Northeast of Brazil in the 1950s and
1960s. In the mid 1980s, when the giant deepwater pools in the Campos Basin were discovered and developed, the
profile of the company started to shift upstream toward exploration, development, and production. Upstream and
Downstream Activities4 By 2001, almost 50 years after its inception, Petrobras had become a fully integrated oil and gas
company. Petrobras was the seventh largest publicly traded oil and gas company in the world based upon proven
reserves, the largest Brazilian corporation, the third largest Latin American corporation, and the 185th largest global
company, by 2001 consolidated revenues. In Brazil, Petrobras had a dominant position in both upstream and downstream
activities. The company's combined oil and gas production was 1,621 tbpd and it had proven reserves estimated at around
9.3 billion boe.5 (Exhibit 1 provides selected oil and gas data for Petrobras and other oil companies.) Most of the firm's
proven reserves were located in very deep waters (more than 400 meters) and Petrobras was the world's pioneer in deep
water oil exploration and production. Furthermore, with approximately

Different Sources Of Finance And Different Legal Systems
Question 1 (a): Outline in your own words the key, PRE–IFRS, developmental factors that can differ across countries
(e.g. different sources of finance and different legal systems). In your answer, summarise the differences and any
similarities between the development factors of China and Australia.
It seems that the key issue facing global financial markets and international investors is worldwide accounting diversity
as considerable differences exist across countries which inevitably leads to chaos in global capital markets as different
amounts are being reported on balance sheets and income statements (Doupnik & Perera, 2012, p. 23). This type of
environment can create extensive opportunities for corruption and poor performance and it is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Source of funding is regarding who owns the shares in the most powerful listed companies within each nation. The major
sources of financing for business are either family members, banks, governments, or shareholders (Doupnik & Perera,
2012, p. 29). For example, due to being a communist state with very little opportunity for private ownership, China's
major company financing is dominated by the Chinese government as well as their government controlled banks
(Fernando, 2010). This can be seen in one of China's largest companies, Petro China, as its controlling shareholder, the
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), is wholly state–owned (PetroChina, 2015). Sources of finance from
governments and their government controlled banks means that there is less pressure for public accountability and
information disclosure (Doupnik & Perera, 2012, p. 29). In contrast, Australia runs a free market economy where private
business enterprises seem to dominate. This can be seen in one of Australia's largest companies, BHP, who are privately
owned by millions of dispersed shareholders such as private investors, superannuation funds and corporations (Stockzoa,
2016). This is important to note as more information is available and demand for disclosure occurs the more privately
owned companies are dependent on funding from the general population (Doupnik & Perera, 2012, p. 30).
The two major types of legal systems

Management Styles
The management culture provides the developing direction of a company. It decides the characteristic and company
culture in an enterprise. However, the style can be influenced by certain factors, such as, policy, history background,
social system, international competition. In this essay, three management styles and two company types will be
indentified and discussed.
Management style belongs to management strategy; it can be composed of operation strategy, company culture and
managers. To be specific, different management styles have distinct characterizations, which can be divided many
particular aspects. For instances, Asian styles of management is originated from western styles; however, Asian styles and
western styles have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This situation can be explained by Chinese mood. Wang (2010) indicated that the cultural background, policy and
economic conditions of the country have suffered Chinese managers to confuse the existed management styles, which
requires a new way to get accustomed to modern market. Moreover, some internal and external factors should be
considered between Chinese style and western style.
Paternalism style is used widely in Chinese state–owned company. Firstly, the influence of management style in China is
competition. Obviously, as a most potential international market, more and more western companies enter the local
market, like Wal–Mart. The external retail companies including Hong Kong companies have possessed almost retail
market in China. In this circumstance, small–sized private company cannot compete with magnates; only the state–
owned enterprise can rely on the policy to rival magnates in this area. The reason is that western large–scale companies
have developed over many years; some of them have even existed for many centuries, such as Mercedes–Benz. It has
long history, 110 years, in the automotive industry, and has a mature management style and company culture. China also
has own automotive industry named Shanghai Automotive, which has been established 30 years, but the quantity of sales
are better than Mercedes–Benz in China, because the company imported the advanced technology and brand, such as
Volkswagen; and it

China Is A Country That Affects The World And The Way...
China is a country that affects the world and the way people live. China has the second largest economy and it grows
through time. They have a large wealth of many minerals and natural resources, which include coal, iron, copper,
limestone and much more. These reserves of mineral and natural resources help provide China with a steady foundation
for rapid industrial growth. China is quickly growing and it's population is increasing enormously. It's booming economy
and industry are a huge catalyst for the economic status of many other countries, of those including the U.S.
One of the major ways that China is affecting the world, and particularly the U.S., is the exchange rate. Devaluation, the
official lowering of a country 's currency within a fixed exchange rate system, has boosted China 's exports in the past
several years. It has also caused Chinese–made goods to be much less expensive, and U.S. imports, as well as imports
from other countries, to become more expensive. Although China's economy is benefitting from this change, other
countries such as the U.S. have been greatly impacted.
China has been growing a lot in the past few years, and most of the products we use in our everyday life are imported
from China and their manufacturers. One very common product most of us use is the iPhone and as you may, or may not
know, the U.S. manufactures this product in China.Why you may ask? Manufacturing an iPhone in the United States
would cost about $65 more than

Warren Buffett 's Investment Philosophy
Warren Buffett's investment philosophy Warren Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway Company 's chief executive, one of the most
successful investors in the world, is a world–famous Finance Expert. He conducted numerous investment with great
success. Many people think he is the myth of the investment community. They want to know Buffett 's investment
philosophy. "Over the years, Buffett had expounded his philosophy of investing in his chairperson 's letter to the
shareholders in Berkshire Hathaway 's annual report"1 (Case1 Warren E. Buffett, 2005). In these letters, he clarified the
core of his investment philosophy which is how to get the high return through low risk. This essay will analyse the
Buffett 's investment philosophy from these letters ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4. Limit the autonomy of enterprises and the use of capital functions. In short, debt financing will increase the risk of
debt. Therefore, to avoid the use of debt financing, debt risk can be controlled at a relatively low level, is conducive to
the finally financial sustainability. In this way, an investment may be in a controlled range of operations, rather than being
forced by the debt. This investment philosophy can also be wielded in life. That suggests people should buy things within
their own ability. Buffett's personal life also illustrates this investment philosophy: no loans. As his advice: Stay away
from credit cards (bank loans) and invest in yourself.6 (Elyssa Kirkham, 2017) He "has never borrowed a significant
amount – not to invest, not for a mortgage"7. He said: Negotiate with creditors to pay what you can. Then, when you're
debt–free, work on saving some money that you can use to invest.8 Secondly, investors should have correct investing
behaviour. That means people should gather enough information and analyse them before making a correct investment
decision. Buffett never makes stock recommendations to others. "Investing behavior should be driven by information,
analysis, and self–discipline, not by emotion or "hunch." 9 Wrote in his chairperson 's letter to the shareholders. This
investment philosophy means an investor should understand the investment environment and make the decision by
themselves. In modern society, people are used to

Warren E Buffett, 2005 Essay
UV0016 Version 2.5 WARREN E. BUFFETT, 2005 On May 24, 2005, Warren E. Buffett, the chairperson and chief
executive officer (CEO) of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., announced that MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, a
subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway, would acquire the electric utility PacifiCorp. In Buffett's largest deal since 1998, and
the second largest of his entire career, MidAmerican would purchase PacifiCorp from its parent, Scottish Power plc, for
$5.1 billion in cash and $4.3 billion in liabilities and preferred stock. "The energy sector has long interested us, and this is
the right fit," Buffett said. At the announcement, Berkshire Hathaway's Class A shares closed up 2.4% for the day, for a
gain in market value of $2.55 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What were Buffett's probable motives in the acquisition? What did Buffett's offer say about his valuation of PacifiCorp,
and how would it compare with valuations for other regulated utilities? Would Berkshire's acquisition of PacifiCorp
prove to be a success? How would Buffett define success? Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Berkshire Hathaway was
incorporated in 1889 as Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing, and eventually grew to become one of New England's biggest
textile producers, accounting for 25% of the United States' cotton textile production. In 1955, Berkshire merged with
Hathaway Manufacturing and began a secular decline due to inflation, technological change, and intensifying
competition from foreign competitors. In 1965, Buffett and some partners acquired control of Berkshire Hathaway,
believing that its financial decline could be reversed. Over the next 20 years, it became apparent that large capital
investments would be required to remain competitive and that even then the financial returns would be mediocre.
Fortunately, the textile group generated Berkshire Hathaway "Class A" vs. S&P 500 Composite Index enough cash in the
initial $100,000 years to permit the firm to purchase two Berkshire Hathaway Inc. "A" insurance companies $10,000
headquartered in Omaha: National Indemnity Company and National $1,000 Fire & Marine Insurance S&P 500
Composite Index Company. Acquisitions of other

The Nature Of The Forest
The landscape is affected as well. The surface mining requires a large area. With the amount excavated the mine is
constantly growing. The area which the mining takes place in is called the Boreal Forest. This forest is an ecologically
diverse natural resource. The forest is a combination of woodland and wet land, and composes of about thirty percent of
the Canadian land mass . The forest is changed when the companies divert rivers or drain the wet lands. The water
effected from the diversion and draining is either used in the plant or pumped to another location. When the mining of the
area is complete the companies plan on creating a new landscape, where wetlands once flourished there will by low lying
dry hills. The forest is also effected it is cut down, and what would be replanted by a logging company, is dug up by
surface mines. Once the mining is complete the soil has changed so much that the once flourishing Boreal ecosystem will
be crippled for hundreds of years to come. Wildlife is some of the most effected, by the Oil Sands. The habitat of many
different species is being dwindled. The wet lands that are in the Boreal forest support a breading ground for many
different types of water birds. If this wetland is drained then the population of many water birds is effected. The noise and
sudden presence of humans is another factor driving animals away from there once indigenous lands . Caribou, and Deer
have been driven from there woodland habitat from

Natural Gas Business in Indonesia
3Natural Gas Business in Indonesia Introduction Gas is an energy future of Indonesia. It is a fact that cannot be denied
anymore. Based on existing data, throughout 2010 there were new discoveries of gas reserves are significant enough to
achieve 2.09 trillion cubic feet, while the discovery of oil only amounted to 140 million barrels only. On January 1, 2011,
proved reserves position and potential of gas in Indonesia reached 153.72 trillion cubic feet of proven and potential
reserves and crude oil for 7.41 billion Barrels. (BPMIGAS Bulletin Issue, 2011) If the reserves are produced with current
production levels then the Indonesia's oil reserves will run out for 12 years, while Indonesia's natural gas reserves are still
able to survive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regional–Owned Enterprises (BUMD / Perusahaan Daerah (Perusda)) are companies established under Law No. 5 Year
1962 concerning Regional Companies and Minister of the Interior Law No. 3 Year 1998 concerning Form Regional
Owned Enterprises BUMD is a company established pursuant to the Region to conduct business activities. BUMD have
the privilege to get gas with direct appointment process but usually BUMD do not have business experience and have no
funds for investment, because of that issues BUMD usually have a partner to do this business. Selection of Regional
Owned Enterprise (BUMD) partner in the utilization of natural gas in this case done without an open tender, because it is
not regulated in the Act in the area. The chosen BUMD's partners usually are those who have a network and proximity,
and which can bring benefits to both the benefits for the region and for personal gain. Even though, a new working
procedure (No. 029/PTK/VII/2009) has been made by BPMIGAS, the conduct of unethical business still exists, because
the shareholders and stakeholders do not implement a good of governance in their business. There are two approaches in
driving the implementation of good corporate governance (GCG), ethics–based approach and regulatory–based approach.
Ethics–based approach is predominantly driven by

Tnk-Bp: Tread with Caution
Page 35
TNK–BP: TREAD WITH CAUTION
Christopher T. Bluhm, Saint Mary's College of California Mary Vradelis, Saint Mary's College of California Catherine
Li, Saint Mary's College of California Brett Threlkeld, Saint Mary's College of California J. Tomas Gomez–Arias, Saint
Mary's College of California
CASE DESCRIPTION The primary subject matter of this case concerns the management of international joint ventures.
Secondary issues examined include: business in Russia; government's intervention in business and how it affects
multinational companies; market entry and modes of market entry decisions;; and dimensions and elements of culture
(Fang 2003). The case has a difficulty level appropriate for first or second year graduate level. The ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
During the war, the British government expropriated the company's assets and sold them to Anglo–Persian in 1917. Over
the next decade, gas and electricity replaced kerosene for home heating and gasoline–fueled trucks competed with
railroads and the automobile age had begun. In 1935, Persia changed its name to Iran and Anglo–Persian changed its
name to AngloIranian. Then in 1939 Britain entered World War II and gasoline was rationed. With the high risk in
transporting oil from Iran to the UK, the company increased production at a field in Nottingham, England. The quantities
were small but large enough to help the country get by. The field was one of the best–kept secrets of World War II. After
World War II, as Europe rebuilt, Anglo–Iranian invested in refineries all over Europe and began selling gas in New
Zealand. Middle Eastern nationalism was rapidly expanding, and Britain's control over Iran was rapidly diminishing. In
1951 the Iranian Parliament nationalized oil operations within the country's borders. Governments around the world
boycotted Iranian oil, and within 18 months the Iranian economy was in ruins. Eventually a new arrangement was
worked out with a consortium of companies including Amoco and others running the operation with Anglo–Iranian's
stake down to 49%. In 1954 the board changed the company's name to The British Petroleum Company. In the 1960's,
expeditions started finding oil in places like Abu Dhabi, Nigeria and Libya. In 1965, BP found

The Berkshire Hathaway Curtain : Lesson From Warren Buffett
Before we examine Berkshire Hathaway and PertoChina financial performance, it necessary to ask first, "What is
investing?" According to the book titled, "Behind the Berkshire Hathaway Curtain: Lesson from Warren's Buffett's Top
Business Leaders," Ronald Chan explained the meaning of investing. He states that investment is, "Consciously paying
more for a stock than its calculated value in the hope that it can soon be sold for a still–higher price." This definition of
investing was philosophizing by Warren Buffet's mentor, Benjamin Graham, which has a great, influenced in making his
investments and business decisions as the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. In the article title, "Should We Buy the
PetroChina Stock Warren Buffett Sold?", by Chad Brand, he expressed that Buffet sold the PetroChina "too early" (Brand
8). He also states that in his perspective the "bull market in commodities (including energy) has a lot of time left to go
which could push crude oil to $150 or more in coming years" (Brand 8). He believed that the fair value especially the
energy will soar in the future. Generally, Buffet decision to buy the Petro China was praised by many experts in the
financial world. Most analyst view that Buffet key to success was the right choose of picking good stocks in the right
time and stayed with if he sense that it will remain a good company (O'Connell 1). In his success in investing at Petro
China made him a 40 billion richer. At the report by BBC titled," The World

Berkshire Hathaway Essay
Berkshire Hathaway From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Type
Public (NYSE: BRKA, NYSE: BRKB) Founded 1839 (as Valley Falls Company) Founder Warren Buffett Headquarters
Omaha, Nebraska Area served USA Key people Warren E. Buffett (Chairman) & (CEO) Charles T. Munger (Vice
Chairman) Industry Property and casualty insurance, Diversified investments Products Conglomerate focused on
insurance Market cap US$ 196 Billion (2008) Revenue ▲ US$ 118.245 Billion (2007) Operating income ▲ US$ 20.161
Billion (2007) Net income ▲ US$ 13.213 Billion (2007) Total assets ▲ US$ 273.160 Billion (2007) Total equity ▲ US$
120.733 Billion (2007) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buffett initially maintained Berkshire's core business of textiles, but by 1967, he was expanding into the insurance
industry and other investments. Berkshire first ventured into the insurance business with the purchase of National
Indemnity Company. In the late 1970s, Berkshire acquired an equity stake in the Government Employees Insurance
Company (GEICO), which forms the core of its insurance operations today (and is a major source of capital for Berkshire
Hathaway's other investments). In 1985, the last textile operations (Hathaway's historic core) were shut down. [edit]
Berkshire facts Berkshire's Class A shares sold for $125,000 as of September 16, 2008, making them the highest–priced
shares on the New York Stock Exchange, in part because they have never had a stock split. Shares closed over $100,000
for the first time October 23, 2006. Berkshire Class B shares trade at a fraction (1/30) of the Class A prices. Despite its
size, Berkshire is not included in broad stock market indices such as the S&P 500. Berkshire's CEO, Warren Buffett, is
respected for his investment prowess and his deep understanding of a wide spectrum of businesses. His annual chairman
letters are read and quoted widely. Barron's Magazine named Berkshire the most respected company in the world in 2007
based on a survey of American money managers.[2] As of 2005, Buffett owned 38% of Berkshire Hathaway. Berkshire's
Vice–Chairman

Petrochina Case Analysis
PetroChina Case Analysis The article "PetroChina: International Corporate Governance with Chinese Characteristics"
describes the major concerns about PetroChina's corporate governance when and after it was listed on NYSE and HKSE,
which was the first Chinese state–owned enterprise launched IPO overseas. This paper is based on the information
provided by the article and will discuss in three aspects: Firstly, why corporate governance was important for China's
SOEs? Secondly, what were the special problems associated with PetroChina's corporate governance model and what
could be done to improve it? Finally, the postscript: the things I learn from this case study. Part I Corporate governance is
important for companies all around the world ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So far, it looks like a draw between the Cons and Pros for investing in PetroChina, right? However, what investor should
worry was that the favorable policies or even the whole political atmosphere might change someday, which would
become a large political risk. That risk was hard to be eliminated using portfolio diversification since China was going to
become the world's 2nd largest economy and would have enormous impact on the economy in the rest of the world. In
other words, China's market was too large for investors to avoid and if you want to use risk assets from other areas of the
world to diversify the risk from China, the weight of those assets would need to be incredibly too high. Nevertheless, the
most interesting part is that investment may be an art of counterbalance and compromise, when you look at the
tremendous market volume and brilliant prospectus of China's oil and gasoline market. This country has the largest
population of 1.3billion, the second longest highways length of almost 100,000 kilometers and the second largest
automobile population of 85 million. And it was growing in average 8% during the years. No one wants to miss the
chance to invest in a such economy. As purely international investors with less concern on political right and wrong or
environment issues, driven by profit and price of stocks

China trade performances and policies
NICOLAS RAMON GARCIA Case studies: Trade performance and trade policies of select countries CHINA ID
STUDENT 13201433 COURSE ID 122171 | 122071 OCTOBER 25TH OF 2013 CONTENTS 1. Basics of China A.
China in Numbers i. Economy ii. Development iii. Trade and Investments iv. Consumption Behavior 2. China foreign
trade A. Introduction on China trade policies i. China foreign trade in the past years ii. China foreign trade today B. China
trade policies i. Data and facts about China related with international commerce 3. China in the WTO i. A balance of
China in the WTO ii. Trade Barriers 4. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to MOFCOM statistics, the biggest direct investment destinations from China to the EU were Luxemburg,
France and the UK. Consumption Behavior China is the world´s largest car market. By the end of 2012 the number of
motor vehicles reached 109.4 million in China. China produced 19.3 million cars in 2012. China is the world´s largest
mobile phone market, with over 1.1 billion subscribers at the end of 2012. China is the second largest luxury goods
market in the world, after Japan, and China is the second largest market for cinema, after the US. Between 1949 and
1979, a total of 280,000 Chinese travelled abroad. In 2012, 83 million Chinese citizens made journeys abroad. Household
consumption as a percentage of GDP is among the lowest of any major economy, at around 34% in 2011, which remained
nearly unchanged since 2006. China foreign trade Introduction on China Trade Policies China foreign trade in the past
year The trade history of China is Important for how it has affected global production and earnings in poor and rich
countries. Many analysts view China´s recent dominance primarily as the result of the post–1978 reforms. The overall
economic system after 1949 was modeled after the Soviet Union, and raised savings from the rural sector in order to
benefit industrial production. Foreign trade was generally conducted by state enterprises that had limited incentives to
operate

Case Study Of Tatweers
Chapter 1
Introduction The main purpose of this study is to know how did Tatweer Company success in the extraction of oil and
raw materials; determine the relationship between the government, the other oil extraction company with Tatweer, and
what is Tatweer targeting in Bahrain's field.
In 1925 and on behalf of General Eastern Syndicate, Major Frank Holmes founded the first oil in Bahrain. After two
years Major Holmes shifted the interest to Gulf Oil Corporation, and after one year it have been sold to Standard Oil of
California. Within 1932 the first well of oil has been discovered.
In 1936 Bapco Refinery has been chosen and the process of oil refining started in Bahrain. Oil was found on KSA too,
and that led Bapco ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using random sampling offers likelihood of bias but with reduced factors.
(http://worcestershire.whub.org.uk/home/wccindex/wcc–con_toolkit/wcc–con–toolkit–stage5–guide3.htm)
3.3 Respondents of the Study
The study design consists of survey and interviews which took place in actual fields. The respondents of the study
included the managers and employees of Tatweer. The company managers, employees are those individuals who are
directly dealing with extraction of oil and raw materials in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 20 individuals were chosen
to represent the respondents group.
The study was conducted on 20 people selected in total from Tatweer company. This study was conducted in kingdom of
Bahrain from 2010 December to 2014 April. The respondents of the study are the employees and the manager of Tatweer
petroleum that is located in kingdom of Bahrain. The respondents will be males and females who have an adequate
knowledge about the topic. All the 20 respondents accepted to answer the questionnaire which had ease our

Censorship in China Essay
The Freedom of Speech is granted to every American citizen and has been since it was founded in 1776; however, not
every nation grants that right. China, as a communist nation, retains most individual freedom rights from its citizens.
Although in the Peoples Republic of China's (PRC) 1982 constitution, people are guaranteed Freedom of Expression and
Press; it is often violated by the current corrupt government. The government demands the news to be 80% positive and
20% negative, altering the facts n occasion. In contrast to that, America has recently become more involved with the
pressing issue as well because of the involvement of Google. Thus it has shined the light on government censorship and
corruption. China's government corruption ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A large focus was placed on companies relating to real estate, land or mineral resources, or real estate. China is currently
affected with large corporations and companies led by corrupt individuals.
The Shanghai (Xinjiang) Riots and Tiananmen Square Massacre were a direct result from government corruption. The
Shanghai (Xinjiang) riots developed around 1994. It began with about 10,000 "incidents" with 730,000 participants, it
grew to 74,000 "incidents" with 3.8 million participants. There have been many casualties or as referred to by the
government "incidents" by these riots, in 2000, there were 5,500 and in 2003 there were 58,000. These riots are due to
overworked textile workers striking, villagers trying to keep their land from being taking over, but mostly because of
poor victims of the transition to a market economy. This was directly a cause of government corruption due to unequal
distribution of wealth and police abuse. A rioter stated "people can see who corrupt the government is while they barely
have enough to eat." However, this problem originated before those riots occurred. 5 years before that happened; a more
famous incident took place, the Tiananmen Square Massacre. July 4th, 1989, thousands of students gathered outside
Tiananmen Square to protest for a more democratic government. Chinese government sent officials

Company Analysis : Vacuum Oil Company
History
In 1966, Vacuum Oil Company, which was founded in 1866, changed its name to Mobil Oil Corporation and began an
extensive advertising campaign to accentuate the name "Mobil." In 1972, the company previously known as Jersey
Standard, which was one of the companies established in 1911 as a result of the US Supreme Court decision to break up
Standard Oil Company into 34 unrelated companies, changed its name to Exxon Corporation during a shareholders'
meeting (ExxonMobil).
The Merger of Exxon and Mobil Recognizing the need for a large presence in other regions with high potential for gas
and oil discoveries, in an effort to become more effective in the global gas and oil competition, Exxon and Mobil merged
to form Exxon Mobil Corporation, on November 30, 1999. Under the contract, Mobil would become a wholly owned
subsidiary of ExxonMobil and Exxon would hold 100 percent of Mobil's voting securities. Common stock holders of
Mobil would receive 1.32015 shares of Exxon common stock for each share of Mobil common stock. As a result of
efficiencies of scale, sharing best management practices, and cost savings, management realized that the merged
company could more profitably use its capital than either company on its own. Exxon and Mobil were each very
compatible in key areas. For example, as it related to exploration and production, both the strength of Mobil and Exxon
in West Africa, South America, North America, Russia coincided with minimal redundancy. In

Emerging Economies
Business Development in Emerging Economies
Business Development in Emerging Economies
Coursework
Coursework
Contents
A. In your opinion, what is the future of emerging economies? Support your answer with relevant evidence. (2000 words)
3 Introduction 4 What are emerging economies 4 Future of emerging economies 5 Microeconomic approach 6 Long–term
economic perspectives 7 The "Euro" perspective 8 Facts about the future 9 Forecast 11 Opinion 12 Risks for emerging
markets 12 B. Critically discuss the factors driving the growth of emerging MNEs. Use relevant company and country
examples. (500 words) 14 What are MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) 15 Facts about MNEs 15 C. How formidable is
the competition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As serial crises tripped up America and then Europe, China barely broke stride. Other big developing nations paused for
breath only briefly. Investors bet that rapid growth in emerging markets was the new normal, while leaders from Beijing
to Brazil lectured the world on the virtues of their state–centric economic models.
More than 80% of the world's population lives in countries with emerging economies.
As we can see in Figure 1, the share of emerging markets in global output has increased from below 20% in the early
90's, to more than 30% today. Considering the cost of living differences, the share of emerging economies in world GDP
already exceeds 45%, which is 13 percentage points higher than in the early 90's. According to the International
Monetary Fund's (IMF), World Economic Outlook, this share will exceed 50% in 2013.
Figure [ 1 ]: Share of emerging economies in world GDP in recent periods
While these economies are already large, they keep growing strongly. Growth in emerging economies and increased
resistance to economic and financial shocks mean good news for the global economy, which can definitely rely on the
dynamism of emerging economies more than it did in the past.
The residents of emerging economies' countries benefited a lot from this rapid growth, as it led

Environmental Sustainability And Its Impact On Canadians...
Nearly fourteen years ago, the Calgary–based oil enterprise "Enbridge" announced its most controversial project yet; to
build a $6.5–billion oil–duct from Bruderheim, Alberta to Kitimat, British Columbia (Canadian Press, 2013, para. 1). It
was to be named the "Northern Gateway Pipeline".Enbridge 's preliminary announcement on the sixth of March, 2002,
not only divided the province of British Columbia on whether environmental or economic prosperity was more
important, but the country of Canada as a whole. Although the name "Northern Gateway" is well–known in many
Western–Canadian households, few truly know the details of what this project entails. Many environmentalists and
economists (Mortillara, Nicole, Global News, 2014) debate the benefits and the negative–impacts that this pipeline will
have on Canadians and Canadian society. Others, though, are trying to understand what steps are being taken to ensure
environmental sustainability during construction, and for the many years after its projected completion.This multi–billion
dollar project has many vocal opposers, and a seemingly equal amount of environmental risks that accompanies it, all
adding up to the general consensus that this duct is not worth the economic benefits that it would produce.
Enbridge estimates that 99% of the crude oil from Alberta is transported to the United States. Currently though, America
's demand for imported oil is decreasing (AsiaPacific.ca/Canadian Oil), as oil–exploitation in the

What Happened During The Financial Crisis Of 2007-09
Examination Number: B068878
Title of Course: Introduction to Business
The name of your teaching assistant: Yida Zhiu
The date of submission: 09/03/2016
Word count: 2477
Title of Essay: Briefly explain what happened during the financial crisis of 2007–09. Choose any one aspect or question
about the crisis which has attracted attention, and explain the findings of research on this question. Financial Crisis 2007–
2009.
When analyzing causes of the global financial crisis and its specific symptoms, it is clear that the deepening of
globalization processes and high level of internationalization of the world economy determined the significant losses of
national financial systems and slowed down their development.
The global financial crisis of 2007 – 2009 was a destructive phenomenon, which adversely affected development of the
international financial system in during globalization. This crisis has acquired a global status, as it started in one country
(USA), gradually spreading to other countries, regions, continents and eventually all the world space. According to
Bloomberg, the financial crisis in 2007 – 2009 caused damage to banks shareholders worth more than 690 billion US
dollars. In contrast, the total losses in the banking sector worldwide during the crisis in the early 1990s amounted to 200
billion US dollars. The 2007–09 crisis is characterized by a decline in total value of national wealth of the world: from
107 trillion to 50 trillion US dollars.
Since mid–2007, the

Impact Of Global Financial Crisis And Emerging Markets
Running Head: IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS (S&P 500) AND EMERGING MARKETS (BRIC) 1
IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: DEVELOPED (S&P 500) AND EMERGING MARKETS (BRIC) 23
Impact of Global Financial Crisis: (S&P 500) & Emerging Markets (Bric)
Name
Institution
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
ABSTRACT 3
CHAPTERS
CHAPTER 1 – Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2 – Methodology 6
CHAPTER 3 –Literature Review 24
CHAPTER 4 – Analysis and Results 38
CHAPTER 5 – Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation 53
REFERENCES 31
Abstract
The paper examines the emerging stock markets in BRICS countries based on the existing dependence structure and other
global factors such as S&P index and the security prices ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Impulse response test indicates that a bigger percentage of the countries respond positively to the expected shock
immediately and recover in the next five to seven days
Impact of Global Financial Crisis: (S&P 500) & Emerging Markets (Bric)
Introduction
The BRIC forms an important economic bloc in the global financial market and it is important to understand the impact
of the stock index. The Brazil Russia, India and china represents almost a substantial percentage of the world economy
and with a total population of about 40 percent. In addition more than 20 percent of the world's gross domestic product
arises from this four economic bloc countries and it is expected to rise over in future. It is also known to be a sheer
potential in the coming years. It is also foreseen by the UN report on development and sustenance as it is expected that
china is likely to outshine the US economy by 2020 and the BRIC will be one of the G7 by 2032 according to Goldman
Sach, 2017. The recent financial simmer evident indicates that these economies were robust to changes in the economic
shocks witnessed between 2000–2010. According to Goldman Sach, 2017 the report indicates that the contribution of the
BRIC to the economy the growth rate in 2007 was approximately over 40% and the growth rate extended to another
economy (Aggarwal, Inclan,

The Pipeline Of Canadian Columbia
Maybe you have never hear of British Columbia, a province which located on the West coast of Canada, but you must
hear about his capital, Vancouver; you may feel unfamiliar about his adjacent province, Alberta, but you must have hear
of Canada's oil sand, an unconventional energy which is produces in Alberta. Rocky Mountains separates British
Columbia and Alberta directly. For a long time, Two provinces get along with each other peaceful and happily. Until a
project called "Northern Gateway pipeline" intrudes into people's field of vision. The pipeline plans to start from Alberta,
end up to a tanker port in Kitimat, on the northern coast of British Columbia. The main task of the pipeline project is to
proceed an exportation of Alberta's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a large oil gathering station in the outskirts of Edmonton, all the crude oil from oil field and product oil are
swallowed by this western's largest oil station that owned by Enbridge, then after measure them and exports to the United
States. Today, although the operations from Enbridge are already all around South America, Africa and other countries,
the rise of the emerging Chinese market catches Enbridge's eyes, and makes the company looks to the distant Asia. This
"Northern Gateway project" is a giant investment project uses to develop the Asian market. After Enbridge present the
application about the pipeline to the world, it has become a very controversial topic. Different voices come out.
Everything has two–sided, positive and negative impacts are concomitant. Same as the Northern Gateway pipeline, the
major benefit for this project is it can facilitate Canadian economy, if it goes successfully. A roughly preliminary
calculation, over 30 years, it worth 300 billion US dollar to Canada's GDP (gross domestic product). For sure, Enbridge is
supposed to give most support in this project, and he is also the biggest and major beneficiary. No matter from which
point of views, Enbridge has enough reason to promote the construction of the pipeline. On the one hand, Alberta
reserves abundant of mine, and easy to exploit. Once the exportation problem solved, it can lead the promotion of local
employment within a short time,

Petroecuador (Ecuador) and Sinopec (China) Oil Joint Venture
Petroecuador (Ecuador) and Sinopec (China) Oil Joint Venture
Petroecuador and Sinopec agreed to create a Joint Venture that was supposed to be a big opportunity for both, the Latin
American and the Asian country. These two companies are different in many ways, especially in the size of their
profitability and technology development.
Sinopec International Petroleum belongs to Sinopec Corp., which is one of the largest integrated energy and chemical
companies in China. It business mainly covers oil and gas activities. It is China 's largest producer and supplier of refined
oil products by annual volume processed and major petrochemical products and its second largest crude oil producer,
following Petrochina. In 2007 it was ranked in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The president is the one taking the decisions, but he has a person of trust that knows about the area and can give
reasonable and appropriate advises.
The United States and the small intern governments of Ecuador can be considered as interested observers. The United
States is interested in this because in the last years the countries of Latin America has been doing what the United States
asked them to do and they were in some level their servants because of the power and the dependency they had o the big
supremacy. The United States won't be please to realize that a new emerging powerful economy is entering in those
places where they had a main power. The small governments in Ecuador are also interested observers; because owing to
the fact that Petroecuador is a state–owned company, the profits it gains are suppose to be redistribute to the country in
shape of public works.
The process of the negotiation consisted in meetings between the minister of non–renewable natural resources of Ecuador
and about twenty Chinese business representatives of Sinopec in Quito, the capital of Ecuador. The purposes of these
meetings were to determinate the common goals and the outcome of the negotiation for each party. This agreement was
signed when the chair of he National Committee of the Chinese Political Consultative Conference, Jia Qinglinf visited
Quito. In this meeting the President, Rafael

Risk Of Doing Business In China

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