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1. 23/09/15
Ecological RelationshipsEcological Relationships

2. 23/09/15
EcosystemsEcosystems
“Ecosystem” is a term used to describe all of the organisms
living together as a community in a particular habitat.
Ecosystems are constantly changing:
Changes in
ecosystems
Changes in
population due
to predation,
disease etc
Human
interference
Physical changes
(e.g. temperature
change)
Pollution
Changes in soil
conditions

3. 23/09/15
Classification of PlantsClassification of Plants
We all know that there are many different types of plants, so
how do we classify them?

4. 23/09/15
Taking samples of an ecosystemTaking samples of an ecosystem
Using different “sampling techniques” we can measure changes
in an ecosystem. The two main measurements are:
1) The physical conditions of a habitat (temperature etc)
2) The populations of different species in that habitat
Some common ways of measuring…
Measuring
temp, pH etc
Taking animal
samples
Help!
Taking samples
using quadrats

5. 23/09/15
Food chainsFood chains
A food chain shows where the energy goes in a food chain (in
other words, “what gets eaten by what”):
Cabbage Rabbit Stoat Fox
The arrows indicate where
the energy is going
Plants convert the
sun’s energy into food

6. 23/09/15
Pyramids of numberPyramids of number
In this food chain we can see that the number of organisms in
each stage is less than in the previous stage:
Cabbage Rabbit Stoat Fox
We can draw a “Pyramid of Numbers” to show this pattern:
Lots of cabbages
Some rabbits
A few stoats
One fox

7. 23/09/15
““Funny looking” pyramidsFunny looking” pyramids
Consider this food chain instead:
Tree Greenfly Ladybird Bird
ONE tree
Many greenfly
Some ladybirds
One bird