21st Century Literature

1. CRISTINEJOYM.PINGARON,LPT

2. What is literature?

3. LITERATURE
Derived from the Latin term litera which
means letter that deals with ideas, thoughts
and emotions of man thus it can be said as
the story of man (Kahayon)
Comes from the French phrase “belles-
letters,” means beautiful writing (Baritugo)
Literature in its broadest sense, is everything
that has ever been written.

4. The best way to understand human nature fully and
to know a nation completely is to study literature.
We learn the innermost feelings and thoughts of
people- the most real part of themselves, thus we
gain an understanding not only of others, but
more importantly, of ourselves and of life itself.
Literature is our life’s story including its struggles,
ideals, failures, sacrifices and happiness.

5. Why we need to
study Literature?

6. appreciate our literary
To better
heritage. Through literature, we
can trace the rich heritage of ideas
handed down to us
Then
forefathers.
understand ourselves
from our
we can
better and
take pride in being a Filipino.

7. TWO MAIN DIVISIONS OF LITERATURE
PROSE POETRY
FORM WRITTEN IN
PARAGRAPH FORM
WRITTEN IN STANZA
OR VERSE FORM
LANGUAGE EXPRESSED IN
ORDINARY FORM
EXPRESSED IN
METRICAL, RYTHMICAL
AND FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
APPEAL TO THE INTELLECT TO THE EMOTION
AIM TO CONVINCE, INSTRUCT,
IMITATE AND REFLECT
STIR THE IMAGINATION
AND SET AN IDEA OF
HOW LIFE SHOULD BE.

9. PRO
SE
1. PROSE DRAMA – a drama in prose form. It consists
entirely of dialogues in prose, and is meant to be acted
on stage. (Tragedy, Comedy and Tragicomedy)
2. ESSAY – a short literary composition which is
expository in nature. The author shares some of his
thoughts, feelings, experiences or observations on
some aspectsof life.
Ex. “Where Is The Patis?” – Carmen Guerrero Nakpil

10. 3. PROSE FICTION – something invented, imagined
or feigned to be true.
a. novel – a long fictitious narrative with a complicated
plot. Characters and actions representative of the real
life of past or present times are portrayed in a plot. It is
made up of chapters. Without Seeing the Dawn by
Estevan Javellana
B. short story – a fictitious narrative compressed into
one unit of time, place and action. It deals with a single
character interest, a single emotion or series of
emotions called forth by a single situation. Dead
Stars by Paz Benitez

11. 4. BIOGRAPHY and AUTOBIOGRAPHY
BIOGRAPHY – a story of certain person’s life written
by another who knows him.
Ex. Cayetano Arellano by Socorro Alberto
AUTOBIOGRAPHY – a written account of man’
s life
written by himself.
Ex. AWoman with no Face by Ms. Pilar Pilapil

12. 5. LETTER – written message displays aspects of an
author’s physiological make-up not immediately
apparent in his more public writings.
6. DIARY – a daily written record of account of the
writer’s own experiences, thoughts activities or
observations.
7. JOURNAL – a magazine or periodical especially of a
serious or learnednature.

13. POET
RY
Derived from the Greek word poesis meaning “making
or creating”.
Five things aboutpoetry:
1.Poetry is aconcentrated thought
2.Poetry is akind of word-music
3.Poetry expresses all the senses.
4. Poetryanswersour demandfor rhythm.
5. Poetry is observation plus imagination.

14. Types of Poetry
NARARATIVE POETRY – a poem that tells a story.
A. EPIC – a tale centering about a hero concerning the
beginning, continuance, and the end of events of great
significance.
Ex. Biag-ni-Lam-Ang by Pedro Bukaneg
B. METRICAL ROMANCE – a narrative poem that tells
a story of adventure and love. The typical hero is a
knight on a quest.

15. C. METRICAL TALE – a narrative poem consisting
usually of a single series of connective events that are
simple, and generally do not form a plot.
D. BALLAD – simplest type of narrative poetry. It is
intended to be sung.
E. METRICAL ALLEGORY – an extended narrative
that carries a second meaning along with the surface
story. Things and actions are symbolic.

16. LYRIC POETRY – a poem that is very personal in
nature. It expresses the author’s own thoughts,
feelings, moods and reflections in musical language. It
derived its name from the musical instrument, the
lyre.
A. ODE- a lyric poem of some length, serious in
subject and dignified in style.
Ex. Ode to the West Wind by Percy Shelley

17. B. ELEGY– a poem written on the death of a friend of
the poet.
Ex. The Lovers Death by Ricardo Demetillo
C. SONG – a lyric poem in a regular metrical pattern
set to music.
Ex. Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas
D. CORRIDOS (KURIDOS) – these have measures of
eight syllables and recited to a metrical beat

18. E. SONNET – a lyric poem containing four iambic
pentameter lines, and a complicated rhyme.
Ex. Santang Buds by Alfonso P. Santos

19. QUIZ

20. 1.Literature is derived from the Latin term .
2. The Latin termof Literature means .
3-4. The two main divisions of Literature .
5. This is a drama in prose form and meant to be acted on
stage.
6. Awritten account of man’s life written by himself is
called .
7. Poetry is derived from the Greek word .
8. Atale centering about a hero an example is Biag ni Lam-
Ang is called .
9. Apoem written on the death of a friend is called
.
10.Alyric poem of some length, serious in subject and
dignified in style is .

21. Why do we need to study
LITERATURE?
What is the difference of PROSE and
POETRY?