21st century literature quarter 1 module 1

1. 21st CENTURY LITERATURE
FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND
THE WORLD

2. Literature- derived from the Latin
word “litera” means a letter of the
alphabet
- defined as a body of written
works
- can either be in oral or written
form

3. Oral literature – is handed down
from generation to generation
later transformed into written form
Literary texts – products of written
literature

4. How are texts considered as
literary?
- if it has the elements of
psychological characterization
and chronology.

5. Literature – also uses literary devices
example:
Why people read literature?
- for entertainment and learning

6. Characteristics of a literary text:
1. it narrates a story
2. it expresses feelings, thoughts and
ideas (based on imagination or real life
experiences)
3. it delivers significant information and
crosses boundaries of time, places,
cultures and languages.

7. Literature- contains specific
structure.
Literary structure – refers to the
organizational method used in
literature, most common type is the
narrative

8. 2 major forms of literature:
1. poetry
2. prose

9. 1. POETRY – is usually written in
lines characterized by having the
elements of rhythm, sound,
imagery,and form.
Purpose: to express feelings,
thoughts or ideas

10. 3 types (Poetry)
a. narrative poetry – tells a story and has
the elements of narrative(characters,
setting,etc)
b. dramatic poetry – is an emotionally
appealing drama written in verse and is
intended to be recited or sung in front of
the audience

11. c. Lyric poetry – most common type
that focuses on expressing feelings
rather than telling a story.

12. 2. Prose
- this literary piece applies a natural
flow of speech and grammatical
structures consisting of complete
sentences arranged logically and
sequentially in a paragraph form.

13. 2 types:
a. fiction- product of the writer’s wild
imagination and creative thinking
3 types of fiction:
1. short story
2. novel
3. novella

14. Genre:
crime , fantasy, romance,
science fiction, historical fiction
horror

15. Some Examples of Major Forms of Literature
POETRY PROSE
NARRATIVE DRAMATIC LYRIC FICTION NON-FICTION
epic dramatic haiku short story biography
ballad monologue ode novel autobiography
metrical soliloquy elegy play narrativ essay
Tale sonnet legend memoir
song fable diaries
journal

16. GENRE- refers to the forms of literature -
-- oral and written
main types: prose and poetry
common elements of a story:
*setting * theme
*character * point of view
*conflict * plot

17. Elements of poetry:
* form
*imagery
*rhythm
*sound

18. OVERVIEW OF PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
3 most important periods:
1. Pre-Colonial
2. Colonial
3. Post- Colonial

19. Pre- Colonial
literary works include:
1. chants
2. proverbs
3. songs
4. folk narratives
Literature is simple.
Literature is for recreation

20. Colonial Period
Spanish time- emphasis on morality and
religion.
Literary forms: Corrido
Pasyon
Cenaculo
*production of printed materials started
for religious purposes only.

21. Subjects of literary:
*nationalism
*oppression
*corruption
*other social ills
Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo
(Jose Rizal)

22. American Period- inspired by
education and culture.
free public education was enjoyed by
Filipinos.
Jose Garcia Villa – “Poet of the
Century”

23. Japanese Period – freedom of
expression is uncommon, writers were
prohibited to write against the
government.
English language was banned so short
stories in vernaculars were evident.

24. 3. Post – Colonial Period
- the period after the rebirth of
freedom in the Philippines up to the
present
Martial Law (F. Marcos) – notable
happening during this era.

25. TYPES OF PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE
1. Folk tales – stories which are anonymous,
timeless and priceless tales circulated orally
among a group of people.
2. Legends – these are a form of prose which deal
with the origin of a thing, location or name.
3. Myths – unlike legends where the characters
have realistic human qualities, the characters here
usually have supernatural powers where the main

26. purpose is to provide explanation about the existence of
something or someone.
4. Epics – these pertains to a type of a long narrative
poem mainly focusing on the heroic achievements and
deeds of the main character.
5. Folk songs – these can be considered as the oldest
form of Philippine literature that mirror the culture which
expresses hopes, aspirations, lifestyles and emotions of
early Filipinos.
Examples: kundiman, kumintang, oyayi or hele and
some drinking songs.

27. 6. Other forms- examples are proverbs
(salawikain), riddles (bugtong), chant (bulong),
maxims or those with rhyming couplets of 5, 6,
or 8 syllables, sayings (kasabihan).
Tanaga – is another favorite poem consisting
of four rhyming lines of 7 syllables each.

28. Damiana L. Eugenio – Mother of Philippine Folklore
classifies proverbs into 6 categories:
1. proverbs expressing a general attitude towards life
and the laws that govern life
2. ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and
condemning certain vices
3. proverbs expressing a system of values
4. proverbs expressing general truths and
observations about life and human nature
5. humorous proverbs
6. miscellaneous proverbs

29. True or False
1. The Spaniards were the first to introduce
proverbs among early Filipinos.
2. Proverbs solve as a guide for a righteous
living.
3. Proverbs are culturally specific but their
meaning is universal in nature.
4. Proverbs are numerous that iti is impossible to
classify them.
5. There are proverbs for almost any situation.