-Literature Defined - Two divisions of literature - General types of Prose and Poetry

1. Introduction to
Philippine
literature
Prepared by:
Almera C. Batis-laong

3. 3
LITERATURE

4. EYTOPR
oldest of the art
the language of the
imagination is almost entirely
figurative and also of musical
literary form
POETRY

5. OPSRE
uses ordinary grammatical
structure and natural flow of
verbal communication.
POETRY

7. The tortoise and the monkey found
once a banana tree floating admidst
the waves of a river. It was very fine
tree with large green leaves and with
roots just as if it had been pulled
off by a storm...
-excerpt from The Tale of
a Tortoise and the Monkey by Jose
Rizal

8. Oh Diyos sa kalangitan.
Hari ng Sangkalupaan,
Diyos na walang kapantay,
Mabait lubhang maalam....
-excerpt from Panalangin sa
Diyos (de la Merced’s version)

9. Introduction
to Philippine
Literature

10. Literature Defined
“Literature is derived from Latin
term litera which means letter . It
has been defined differently by
various writers.” (Kahayon and
Zulueta, 2000)

11. Literature Defined
“Philippine literature is a diverse and
rich group of works that has evolved
side by side with the country’s
history. Literature has started with
fables and legends made by the
ancient Filipinos long before the
arrival of the Spanish influence. The
main themes of Philippine literature
focus on the country’s pre-colonial
cultural traditions and the socio-
political histories of its colonial and
contemporary traditions.”
(Quoted from: www.wikipilipinas.org)

12. Importance and Relevance of Studying
Philippine Literature
• to gain knowledge about the literature of the Philippines.
• It will stimulate our imagination in an expressive
way through different literary genre.
• We can better appreciate our literary heritage.
Then we can understand ourselves better and take
pride in being a Filipino. (Kahayon and Zulueta,
2000)
• It educates us about how influential and
commanding language can be.
•We can understand those thing that are not easily
understood: pain, hatred, love, death, war,
sacrifice, human nature, and even truth.

13. Two Divisions of
Literature
Poetry
Prose

14. Poetry
-from Medieval Latin poetria,from latin
poeta ‘poet’ and from the Greek word
poeisis for ‘a making’.
-its notable for its unusual structure
and meter in language.

15. Prose
-term from the Latin word prosa
(oratio) which means ‘straightforward
(discourse) and is the type of writing
that mimics everyday speech.
- Consists of both fiction and non
fiction, imaginative and factual writing.

16. Comparison Between Prose and
Poetry
Comparison Poetry Prose
Form Verse Paragraph
Language metrical, Formal,
Rhythmical, Use of
Figurative Language
Common flow of
conversation; words and
rhythms are based on
normal and usual
languages.
Appeal Feelings and emotions Mental/intellect
Aim To stir the one’s mind, to
show what’s ideal of how
life Should/can be
To influence, to give
information, to educate and
inculcate.

17. General types of
Prose
1.Short stories
2.Factual prose
3.Letters
4.Novels
5.Diaries
6.Journals, Testimonies, and
Personal essays

18. 8 General Types of a
Prose
1. Short Stories
- Usually encompasses of less
than 7500 words but can
be limited to as less 500
words.
2. Factual Prose
- commonly used for the
writing of short stories and
novels.
3. Letters
- Refers to any form of
written and printed
communication addressed
to a person or group which
is habitually sent out by
correspondence
4. Novels
- long story written in prose
with over 40,000 words to
complete the whole novel.
5. Diaries
- records of everyday’s
events , experiences,
activities, observations, etc
6. Journals, Testimonies, and
Personal essays
- Less commonly used

19. General types of
Poetry
1.Lyric poetry
2.Narrative poetry
3.Dramatic poetry

20. General types of Poetry
1. Lyric Poetry
-conveys the thoughts and emotions of a
single speaker of a poem.
a. Lyric poem
- a speaker expresses a state of
mind or a process of perception,
thought and feeling.
b. Personal lyric
- the persona of the speaker is
identified with the poet.
c. Sonnet
- single stanza of 14 iambic
pentameter lines.

21. d. Dramatic lyric
- lyric speaker addresses an auditor in a specific
situation.
e. Dramatic monologue
- reveal the speakers underlying motivation,
temperament, and character.
f. Elegy
- a formal and sustained lament in verse for the
death of a particular person.
g. Ode
- a long lyric poem in which the speaker
“expresses a sustained process of observation
and meditation in an attempt to resolve on
emotional problem”

22. 2. Narrative Poetry
- refers to poems which are usually non-dramatic.
- It has a similar structure to that of a novel or short story
but in a verse form.
- It has a beginning, middle and an end, together with the
usual literary devices like character and plot.
2 Sub-categories of Narrative Poetry:
a. Epics
- - tend to use an elevated style of language and
supernatural beings take part in the action.
- Ex. The harvest song of Aliguyon by. A. I . Daguio
b. Ballads
- songs originally transmitted orally, which tell a
story.
- generally, a four-line stanza, alternating
tetrameter and trimeter.

23. 3. Dramatic Poetry
- Refers to a verse or verses which are written
to be spoken, typically by a character made up
by the author itself.
- Narrated by the character itself.
3 types of dramatic poetry
1. Dramatic Monologue
- Combination of drama and poetry.
- The speaker addresses one or more persons who are
present and who are listening to the speaker, but remain
silent.
2. Soliloquy
- A passage spoken by a speaker in a poem or a character in a
play.
3. Character Sketch
- the poet serves as observer and commentator who incorporate
the element of suspense, conflict, or tension.

24. Let’s do the Give me a Number
Game!

25. What is
Literature?

26. What are the
differences
between poetry
and prose?

27. What is the
importance of
studying
literature?

28. In a ¼ sheet of paper, answer the following
questions.
1. It is a Latin word which the word
Literature was derived.
2. What is the form of prose?
3. What is the form of poetry?
4. What type of prose that contains less
than 7500 words but can be limited to as less as 500
words?
5. It is a type of prose that is consists of
over 40,000 words.
6-8. What are the 3 major types of poetry?
9. It is a lyric poem which is formal and
expresses sadness for the death of particular
person.
10. It is a form of poetry that has similar
structure to that of a novel or short story but in
verse form.