PTPAto the ower. re-work

2. REVIEW

3. ___ O ___ ___ ___ A ___ N
RA___G__

4. MOUNTAIN RANGES

5. E___ ___T ___ ___U A
___ E

6. EARTHQUAKE

7. V___ ___ ___A ___
O

8. VOLCANO

9. __L__TE
__ __ CT__NICS

10. PLATE
TECTONICS

11. Have you ever wondered
how volcanoes and
mountains were formed?

12. DEFORMATION OF
CRUST
Plate Tectonic

13. WHAT IS
PLATE
TECTONICS

14. CRUST - the outermost layer of the Earth
The crust that makes up the continents is called
CONTINENTAL CRUST. The crust that underlies the
ocean floor is called OCEANIC CRUST.
CONTINENTAL CRUST - 40 - 70 km
thick
made up of less dense granitic rocks
OCEANIC CRUST - average thickness
of 5km made up of denser basaltic
rocks

15. CRUST
The crust is largely composed of alumina (Al2O3) and silica
(SiO2)
The alumina content of land (continental crust) is
15.2% and about 16.5% on ocean floor.
The silica content of land is 60.2%; oceanfloor, 48.6%

16. LITHOSPHERE
A part of the land that is moving is the
Earth's surface called lithosphere.
made up of Earth's crust and a part of
the upper mantle
The lithosphere moves a big chunks of
land called tectonic plates. Some of
these plate are huge and cover entire
continent.

17. Plate tectonics is a scientific theory describing the large-
scale motion of the plates making up Earth's lithosphere
since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3.3 and
3.5 billion years ago.
Earth's thin outer shell is broken into big pieces called
tectonic plates. These plates fit together like a puzzle, but
they're not stuck in one place. They are floating on Earth's
mantle, a really thick layer of hot flowing rock.
PLATE
TECTONICS

18. PLATE
TECTONICS
Theories
Contraction Theory
proposed in early years of the 20th
century. This theory suggested that
the Earth cooled after its formation, its
surface contracted and wrinkled. The
wrinkles are now considered as the
mountain ranges.
proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912.The
theory asserted that there once
existed a very large landmass, a super
continent called Pangaea.
Theory of
Continental Drift

19. Theories
Seafloor Spreading
Theory
American geologist Harry
Hess, 1960.
Says that the seafloor/ocean
floors, not continents move and
only carry continents
Tectonic Plate
Theory
incorporates the continental drift
theory and sea floor spreading
theory.
For plate tectonics the
lithosphere is composed of
massive slabs of solid rocks
called plates.

21. 7 PRIMARY
PLATES
1. Eurasian Plate,
2. Australian Plate,
3. Pacific Plate,
4. North American
Plate
5. South American
Plate
6. African Plate,
7. Antartic Plate

22. 8 SECONDARY
PLATES
1. Juan De Fuca
Plate
2. Nazca Plate
3. Cocos Plate,
4.Caribbean Plate
5. Philippine Plate
6. Arabian Plate
7. Indian Plate
8. Scotia Plate

23. MECHANISMS OF PLATE MOVEMENTS
Slab pull - force due to
weight of cold, dense
sinking tectonic plate
Ridge push - the force due
to buoyancy of the hot
mantle rising to the surface
Mantle convection - heat in
the core rises toward the
mantle.
3 Main forces

24. PLATE BOUNDARIES
 interaction along plate
boundaries from different bodies
of water and land forms

25. Divergent Plate
Boundary
two plates that move away from each other
create a gap or a rift between them.
Divergent boundaries between oceanic plates
produce mid-ocean ridges.
In places where molten lava or magma can
move up and fill the gap, volcanic islands are
eventually formed.
Molten lava that rises eventually cools and
forms part of the ocean, that also called
seafloor spreading or ocean floor spreading.

26. Convergent Plate
Boundary
 occur when two plates slide
toward each other and formed
either a subduction zone or
orogenic belt.
When twooceanic plates
collide, a subduction zone
is formed.

27. When oceanic plate collides with continental plate, the oceanic
plate subducts beneath the continental plate, possibly forming a
trench.
Volcanic mountains also develop on land.

28. When two continental plates collide, no
subduction happens. The continental crust buckles
and rocks pile up, creating towering
mountain ranges.

29. Tansform Plate
Boundary
the plates slide against each other in opposite
directions.
Nomountains or volcanoes are produced,
instead earthquakes result from the movement of plates, and
release massive amounts of
energy.

30. Group Activity
Draw/create a model of the different types
of Plate Boundaries and present it to the
class.

31. For Group 1 will create Transform Boundaries
For Group 2 will create Divergent Boundaries
For Group 3 will create Convergent showing
subduction and collision form.

32. RUBRICS FOR THE ACTIVITY
5 4 3 2 1
Concept
Cooperation
Presentation

34. Group
Presentation

35. How important are the
movement of plates
leads to the formation
of folds and faults
Sharing is caring

36. To sum up!

37. Lithosphere
Moving plates plate tectonics
boundaries
convergent divergent transform
volcano formation earthquakes mountain formations
To sum up!
To sum up!

38. Short Quiz

39. Directions. From the word pool given below, identify the
term being described in the following statements.
__________1. This phenomenon is created during
transformation of plate’s movement and it is a kinematic
phenomenon caused by the relative density of oceanic
lithosphere and relative weakness of asthenosphere.
__________2. This plate’s movement creates mountain and
volcanic arc. Marianas Trench is also created by this
movement.
__________3. The movement of this plate is towards the
opposite direction or moving away from each other.
__________4. It is a process of rising up hot, dense liquid
materials and creates new seafloor.
__________5. This is a theory that supports that supports
continental drift theory and seafloor spreading.
Seafloor Spreading
Plate Tectonic
Transform fault
Divergent
Convergent

40. Assignment

41. Directions. Conduct a short interview with one or two of
your family members. Ask them about how they think the
mountain, valley, ridges and volcanoes were formed. List all
of their responses. Afterwards, inform them on how those
formations formed based on what you have learned from
this lesson.

42. Thank you
for
listening!

43. TRANSFORMATION OFPANGAEA THROUGH
EARTH'STIMELINE