Unit 3

2. 1
INDEX
1. – WOOD
1. 1 – PROPERTIES OF WOODS
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOOD
1. 3 – CLASSIFYING WOOD
1. 4 – WOOD DERIVATIVES
1. 5 – ACTIVITIES

3. 2
INDEX
1. – WOOD

4. 3
1. – WOOD
Wood is a raw vegetable material. It comes from the trunks of trees and bushes

5. 4
1. – WOOD
Wood is a raw vegetable material. It comes from the trunks of trees and bushes.
It is composed of:
 Cellulose fibres

6. 5
1. – WOOD
Wood is a raw vegetable material. It comes from the trunks of trees and bushes
It is composed of:
 Cellulose fibres
 Lignin

7. 6
1. 1 – PROPERTIES OF WOODS
 Physical properties
 Hardness
 Density
 Electrical insulation
 Thermal insulation
 Porosity
 Mechanical resistence
 Colour and grain
 Ecological properties
 Renewable
 Biodegradable
 Recyclable

8. 7
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
The process starts with the extraction of the timber from the forest and ends
with the production of planks.

9. 8
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
The stages of this process are:
 The trees are cut down and branches are then cut off.
CUTTING

10. 9
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
CUTTING
 It can be transported by road, rail or water
TRANSPORT

11. 10
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
CUTTING
TRANSPORT
 It happends in the sawmill
REMOVING
THE BARK

12. 11
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
CUTTING
TRANSPORT
 The timbers are cut into planks
SAWING
REMOVING
THE BARK

13. 12
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
CUTTING
TRANSPORT
 The wood is dried under pressure.
DRYING
REMOVING
THE BARK
SAWING

14. 13
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
CUTTING
TRANSPORT
 To make the wood smooth and evenly
PLANING
REMOVING
THE BARK
SAWING DRYING

15. 14
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
CUTTING
TRANSPORT
REMOVING
THE BARK
SAWING
DRYING
PLANING

16. 15
1. 2 – HOW TO PROCESS WOODS
CUTTING
TRANSPORT
REMOVING
THE BARK
SAWING
DRYING
PLANING
 Natural drying
 Artificial drying
 Mixed drying

17. 16
1. 3 – CLASSIFYING WOOD
The wood is classifying as hardwood and softwood depending on the tree it
comes from.
 Hardwood
 Deciduous trees
 They grow slowly
 They contain resin
 They are compact and resist

18. 17
1. 3 – CLASSIFYING WOOD
The wood is classifying as hardwood and softwood depending on the tree it
comes from.
 Softwood
 They grow quickly
 They are light and easy to work

19. 18
1. 4 – WOOD DERIVATIVES
There are two kind of wood derivatives. They are formed by chips that are
compressed and glues together.

20. 19
1. 4 – WOOD DERIVATIVES
There are two kind of wood derivatives. They are formed by chips that are
compressed and glues together.
 Prefabricated wood
 Easy to work
 A lot of sizes
 Not attacked by parasites
 Helps to protect the enviroment
 Cheaper

21. 20
1. 4 – WOOD DERIVATIVES
There are two kind of wood derivatives. They are formed by chips that are
compressed and glues together.
 Prefabricated wood
 Cellulose materials
Paper
How it´s made: Paper

22. 21
INDEX
2. – EQUIPEMENT, TOOLS AND MACHINES
2. 1 – MEASURE, MARK AND DRAW
2. 2 – CUTTING AND SAWING
2. 3 – DRILLING
2. 4 – CARVING OR LEVELLING
2. 5 – PLANNING OR SANDING
2. 6 – FINISHES
2. 7 – ACTIVITIES

23. 22
2. – EQUIPEMENT, TOOLS AND MACHINES
These are the steps we follow to make an object out of wood
MEASURE
MARK
AND
DRAW
CUT DRILL
CARVE
AND
LEVEL
PLANE
AND
SAND
JOIN OR
ASSEMBLE
PAINT

24. 23
2. 1 – MEASURE, MARK AND DRAW
There are some measuring tools such as:
 Carpenter´s square

25. 24
2. 1 – MEASURE, MARK AND DRAW
There are some measuring tools such as:
 Carpenter´s square
 Measure type

26. 25
2. 1 – MEASURE, MARK AND DRAW
There are some measuring tools such as:
 Carpenter´s square
 Measure type
 Compass

27. 26
2. 2 – CUTTING AND SAWING
The choice of tools depends on:
 The hardness of the wood
 The thickness of the wood
 The type of cut we want to make

28. 27
2. 2 – CUTTING AND SAWING
Type of saws:
 Benchsaw

29. 28
2. 2 – CUTTING AND SAWING
Type of saws:
 Benchsaw
 Jigsaw

30. 29
2. 2 – CUTTING AND SAWING
Type of saws:
 Benchsaw
 Jigsaw
 Circular saw

31. 30
2. 3 – DRILLING
Before drilling, clamp down the piece of wood so that it doesn´t move
 Tools
Gimlet Drill bits
Manual drill

32. 31
2. 4 – CARVING OR LEVELLING
The main function of these tools is to chisel pieces of
wood and make it smooth

33. 32
2. 5 – PLANNING OR SANDING
We need to smooth the surface and edges of wood pieces.
 Tools
Plane
File Teasel
Sander

34. 33
2. 6 – FINISHES
To protect and decorate the wood surface, we
add a finish