Natural stones in interiors

NATURAL
STONES IN
INTERIORS
By: ABHISHEK H A

Stone Production
• Sourcing
– Natural stone comes from quarries.
– Certain stones are available only in
certain parts of the world.
– Italy, Spain, and Turkey are major
exporters
• Quarries
– Stone is excavated using drilling and
blasting techniques
– Large boulders are removed and
processed into useable tile and slabs at
the factories
• Factories
– Large blocks from the blast are planed
and cut according to specification
– Specially calibrated machinery are used
to make corners and straight cuts.

Cut Types and Matching
• Cross Cut: Stone is cut parallel to natural layers,
creating a cloudy movement in the grain
• Vein Cut: Stone is cut perpendicular to natural
layers, creating a linear movement in the grain
• Random Match: A casual, unmatched effect
with no attempt at a pattern (most common)
• Book Match: a mirrored-image pattern at the
joint line that produces a nearly continuous grain.

Natural Stone Finishes
Natural Cleft:
Slightly uneven surface
Suitable for wall or paving
Polished:
Enhances the color & reflective
Recommended for wall covering
Sandblasted:
Finely textured surface
Ideal for use in traffic-ways
Leather Finish:
suede look and feel
Suitable for slip-resistant places
Antiqued:
Aged appearance
Flooring in Entryway
Bush Hammered:
Evenly textured surface
Garden Decoration, coverings

Honed (Matte):
satin smooth surface with
little light reflection
Recommended for interior floor
Flamed:
Deeply textured surface
Ideal for external surfaces
Split Face:
Natural quarry texture
Look of protruding bricks
Veneer Stone :
Decorative facing material
Wall cladding (non load-bearing walls)
Fleuri Cut / Sawn Cut:
Offers complimentary accent
Landscape design applications
Chiseled Stone:
Linen texture with fine grooves
Suitable for Exterior wall or paving
Natural Stone Finishes

Specification Considerations
• Residential
• Based on the application and preferred look type of finish is selected.
• Slipperiness is a client concern in wet areas when using polished stone.
• Dust often makes stone more slippery
• Textured finishes look great for walls,
• Shower Floors: Must have small mosaics (most contractors prefer 2X2 or smaller, although
4X4 can work)
• Thickness of Tiles
• Unlike porcelain tile, natural stone tiles vary in thickness from size to size (large format tiles
must be thicker to prevent breakage.)
• Sealer
• Natural stone should be sealed at the time of installation to prevent staining.
• Sealer does not create a shiny finish or effect slip resistance.
• It creates a water-tight barrier, strengthens stone, and enhances the color
• Types of Sealers:
1. Enhancing Sealers 4. Natural sealers
2. Water based Sealers 5. Solvent based Sealers (Volatile Organic Compounds)
3. Penetrating Sealers 6. Topical Stone Sealer

Stone Masonry
Rubble Masonry
1. Random rubble masonry
- Coursed - Uncoursed
2. Square rubble masonry
- Coursed - Uncoursed
3. Polygonal rubble masonry
4. Flint rubble masonry
5. Dry rubble masonry
Ashlar Masonry
1. Ashlar Fine Masonry
2. Ashlar Rough Tooled
3. Rock (or) Quarry Faced
4. Ashlar Chamfered
5. Ashlar Block in Course
6. Ashler Facing

Natural Stone Types: Travertine
Character: The stone is characterized by pitted holes and troughs in its surface.
Available in variety of colors (mostly in the warm range).
Formation: Travertine is a sedimentary rock formed by the precipitation of carbonate minerals.
Applications:
– Floor and Wall
– Generally not chosen for kitchen countertops due to its low density, but travertine makes a
beautiful countertop in a bathroom
– A popular choice for outdoor use; especially as cladding , pavers, or as pool surrounds. Travertine
is naturally water ‘resistant” as it tends to push water out due to the way the stone is formed.
– Widely used stone in modern architecture.
– Outdoor use in some cases—but not where erosion may be a concern.

Travertine Flooring Benefits
Affordable Luxury: Tiles deliver a rich look at a reasonable price.
Durability and Longevity: Natural stone is stronger than man-made tiles and
provides decades of beauty.
Versatility: Travertine flooring blends easily with accent colors and virtually any
decor style.
Adds Value: Stone flooring is a great investment that increases your home's
aesthetic appeal and market value.
Relatively Low-Maintenance: It's easy to clean and only requires periodic
resealing.
Practical Choice: Stone is a great option for high-traffic areas.
One-of-a-kind Looks: No two tiles are alike.
Easy to Work With: Tiles are easier to manipulate, especially when cutting small
pieces.
Unglazed/Colored Throughout: Consistent color through every layer of the tile
makes nicks and chips less visible.
Flexible Replacement: Natural variations in color make it easier to match
replacement tiles.
Natural Stone Type: Travertine

Autumn Blend Travertine tile
Old Wood Travertine tileNoce Travertine tileLeonardo Travertine tile
Ivory Travertine tileIvory French Pattern Travertine
tile
Gold Travertine tile
Scabos Travertine tile
Standard Sizes Available: 12" x 12" x 3/8", 16" x 16" x 3/8", 24" x 36" x 3/4", Slab

COLOSSEUM OF ROME PAMUKKALE
IVORY TRAVERTINE:LIVING ROOM GOLD TRAVERTINE:KITCHEN

Natural Stone Type: Limestone
• Character: Often has visible fossils embedded within,. Conveys Calmness and Serenity. Adds Warmth,
Sophistication and Subtleness
• Formation: Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of different crystal forms of calcium carbonate.
Most grains in limestone are skeletal fragments of marine organisms
• Application
– Floor and wall
– Not generally chosen for countertops due to its porosity and tendency to stain-- limestone is suitable for
bathroom countertops, however.
– Not generally chosen for outdoor use for the same reasons, but it can be used with proper sealing
– Some limestones must be sealed from the front and the back before installation to prevent the setting
materials from staining the stone.

Benefits Of Limestone Flooring
1. Durable
Limestone tiles are hard and do not wear easily, they are also moderately soft to the touch,
they are more comfortable to walk on.
2. It’s Beautiful
Limestone flooring creates a timeless, charming environment. No matter the color or style you
choose, limestone’s natural, earthy characteristics will give your home a modern, yet
traditional feel. it is a long lasting and luxurious material.
3. It’s Cost Effective
It has that luxurious appearance that will elevate your home’s design and atmosphere.
4. It’s Versatile
Limestone comes in various colors, shapes and sizes so that it can easily match it to interior
design.
5. It’s Cleanly & Easy to Maintain
Limestone is resistant to mold and bacteria. This makes it a fabulous material to use in
bathrooms or outdoors around the pool.

London Grey
Gascogne Beige (Honed)Alhambra (Honed)
Porto Beige (Honed)Paloma (Honed)
Lagos Gold (Honed)Flannel (Brushed)
Beaumaniere Light (Honed)Lagos Azul (Honed)
Beaumaniere Classic (Honed)
Medina Stone (brushed)Antium Limestone

LEANING TOWER OF PISA
KANCHIPURAM TEMPLE
LOTUS MAHAL

Natural Stone Types: Marble
Character: Marble often has distinct veining with a wide variety of colors that gives an air of elegance
and a legacy of success
Formation: Marble is a metamorphic crystalline rock formed when limestone has additional heat and
pressure applied to it by the earth’s crust, causing the stone to re-crystallize.
Applications:
– Flooring,Walls,Bathroom Countertops
– Ornamental furnishings, Outdoor sculpture and Stairs and pavements
– Marble is not recommended to be used in modular kitchen as it is highly susceptible to acid attacks

Benefits Of Marble Flooring
1. Durable
Marble tiles are hard and do not wear easily, they are also moderately soft to the touch,
they are more comfortable to walk on.
2. It’s Beautiful
Attractiveness of the flooring will increase due to its appearance.
3. It’s Cost Effective
Ideal for designer flooring with inlays.
4. It’s Versatile
It comes in variety of colours and natural patterns which make it ideal for the decorative
purpose.
5. It’s Clean & Easy to Maintain
Water resistant and bacteria resistant. • Can be re-polished again to maintain glossy / shine
effect.
Natural Stone Type: Marble

Black Pearl Marble Tiles
Emperador Light Fantasy White Marble TilesEquator Marble Tiles
Dolomite Marble TilesCrema Marfil MarbleCarrara MarbleCappuccino Premium
(Light & Dark)
Cappuccino Antique MarbleCalacatta Borghini MarbleBotticino Marble Tiles
French Vanilla Marble

Parthenon in Athens
Pisa Cathedral in Pisa
Taj Mahal in Agra, India
Birla Mandir,Hyderabad

Natural Stone Types: Granite
Character: often has “busy” visual texture in a variety of colors.
Formation: Granite is a plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture; generally composed of feldspar
and mica and quartz
Applications:
– Floor and wall
– Countertops: the hardness of the stone makes granite the most popular choice for both kitchen and
bathroom countertops and fireplace mantles
– Suitable for any outdoor applications like Paving and Curbstones

Benefits Of Granite Flooring
1. Beauty
The range of different colors and patterns adds a warm tone, area character
and sophistication.
2. Durable
Granite is a hard stone that is virtually impossible to break and will last a
lifetime and will remain in great condition.
3. Hypoallergenic qualities
It is resistant to bacteria and allergens.
4. Resistance to water and moisture
Once properly sealed, granite is extremely resistant to water and moisture.
5. Reusable
Granite can also be recycled or repurposed can be used for landscaping,
statues, concrete mixes, walkways, or even re-installs.
Natural Stone Type: Granite

Absolute Black
Desert Brown
Imperial Gold
Whisper WhiteSilver Waves
Dynamic Blue
Azul CelestaAstoriaAspen White
Black GalaxyArabian BlackAntico Cream

Brihadeeshwara Temple, Thanjavur Sanchi Stupa, Sanchi
London Bridge, London Narasimha & Stone Chariot, Hampi, Karnataka

Natural Stone Type: Slate/ Quartzite
• Slate
– Character: rough texture, mostly greys, but some varieties have dramatic some color variation.
– Formation: Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original
shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash
• Quartzite
– Character: Looks similar to slate, but is harder and doesn’t shale
– Formation: a very hard metamorphic rock consisting of a mosaic of intergrown quartz crystals
– Applications:
 -Floor and wall: must consider shaling when choosing slate
 Not generally used as kitchen countertops due to shaling,
 Great for outdoor use

Belvedere Calcatta Macaubas Crystal-ice Dolce-de-vita
MauanaloaMadreperolaKalahariIce-flakes
Plasma-night Sea-pearl Taj-mahal Tanzinita

Natural Stone Types: Onyx and
Soapstone
• Onyx
– Character: translucent, can range from gold and oranges to green.
– Formation: Onyx is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. Onyx is a
sedimentary rock, formed as stalactites and
stalagmites in cave interiors.
– Applications
• Floor, Wall and decorative.
• Onyx can be delicate, so be careful where you use it.
• Most popular for Vanity countertops or specialty surfaces
• Soap Stone
– Character: Grey, sometimes greenish. With white veining. Smooth “soapy” feel
– Formation: a metamorphic rock that is largely composed of the mineral talc
– Applications:
• Generally used for countertops
• Chemical and heat resistant but NOT scratch resistant
• Can be delicate—must be oiled regularly to keep color

Natural Stone Types: Onyx and
Soapstone

Natural stones in interiors

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Natural stones in interiors

Similar to Natural stones in interiors (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Natural stones in interiors