Tick-Borne Case Study On Lyme

Tick-Borne Case Study On Lyme
In the report, there seem to be potentially fatal tick–born illness that occurred in two of the cases.
The infectious is Powassan virus and believe to come from Lyme that can be transferred from tick to
human in minutes. This virus believes to be more severe than Lyme and not only this, but it can
reach to a patient's brain quick and leaving the patient's susceptible to long–term neurological
damage. Also, not all patient experience the same symptoms and those that does have a symptom
experience fever, headache, vomiting, weakness, confusion, seizures and memory loss. People who
are likely to have a symptom are those that have contracted tick–borne illness before, but the risk is
very low. There about 10–15 percent of the case shows the virus ... Show more content on
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I recall getting bit by Lyme and I did not experience a symptom as it as described in the report, but it
does scare me when thinking about getting bit next time and about what my experience going to be
like. I just wondering if there any specific treatment or preventing way about this, for instance, is
there any spray product that can wear off Lyme or method of treated the bit cause by Lyme. Also, I
was think that Lyme is a very small insect and they clutch to a person skin very tight and they also
are very good at hide that it away goes unnoticeable until a person feel pain or during showing time.
So, I was wondering if there any prevention way, like vaccinate that will help protected people
against this tick–borne illness from Lyme. I was surprise that weather could play a part in foster the
viruses, which I think this is not the only infection, but more and more new infection arises because
of the weather change from cold to a warmer weather. The report list the symptom: fever, headache,
vomiting, weakness, confusion, seizures and memory loss, which I think is a very serious problem.
However, article describe in an attitude that the government did not care much about case and I
think is because the occurred case is much small as compared to another deadly virus. Even so, I
still think that there should be a form of protection or prevention about Lyme and the
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Viral Evolutionary Biology And Virology: The Origins Of...
Viral evolution is a part of evolutionary biology and virology. It covers the evolution of viruses and
the bacteria that they evolve from. Part of viral evolution deals with the idea that RNA viruses
mutate faster as a result of short generation time. The origin of viral evolution contains three main
hypotheses regarding the origins of viruses. The first hypothesis states that small cells invade and
become parasites to larger cells, thereby forming a virus. The second hypothesis states that small
parts of our DNA and RNA escape from the genes of a large organism and start the evolution
process. The final hypothesis states that viruses have evolved from complex molecules and nucleic
acid prior to the formation of the first cells on Earth. Since none of these 3 hypotheses have been
scientifically accepted, the origin of viruses has still not fully been determined. One of the biggest
deterrents in studying the origin of viruses is the high rate of mutation. This makes finding a source
difficult.
Viruses spread by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believe that the first carrier was a man named Gaetan Dugas. He was a homosexual man from
Europe who spread the disease by frequenting gay bathhouses throughout the world. Dugas was a
flight attendant who traveled around the world and was capable of thereby spreading the virus to
other homosexual men. In a recent study conducted by the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States by Michael Worobey and Dr. Arthur Pitchenik it has been claimed that the modern
strains of HIV/AIDS in the United States moved from Africa to Hait. It is in Haiti where it is
believed to have been brought over by a single immigrant in 1969. In 1969 the first death from a
virus with HIV/AIDS symptoms, Robert Rayford in St. Louis was identified. Although he is not
believed to have been "patient zero", it is believed that he was the first person to have died from
HIV/AIDS in the United

The Deadly Marburg Virus
The Deadly Marburg Virus
Brent Reitz
GBIO 225
November 13, 2015
The Deadly Marburg Virus The Marburg virus (MARV (originally known as the Marburg
hemorrhagic fever virus)) was first discovered in 1967 during an epidemic in Germany, including
the city of Marburg (WHO, 2015). This is a deadly, and severe disease that is in the same viral
family as the Ebola virus: the Filoviridae family. The virus may be rare, but it is prone to massive
outbreaks in a secreted population causing a staggering high mortality rate.
How the Marburg Virus Affects the Human Body
This hemorrhagic fever is characterized by a sudden onset and presents a fever, chills and myalgia to
those who are infected. After five to seven days post exposure, the infected ... Show more content on
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Many of these strains are closely related to one another. The first recognized cases of MARV was in
Germany and Serbia in the year 1967 when an "outbreak" occurred (Mehedi, 2011). This was nearly
a decade before the Ebola virus was found. Even though the origin of the virus was discovered in
African in the African fruit bats, the outbreak began in Europe. During the outbreak, it was
discovered that the source of exposure was to blood and tissue of African green monkeys that were
presumably imported from Uganda (Mehedi, 2011).
One theory presented is that, since primates were infected by the virus in the African landmass,
individuals who come in direct contact with the monkeys are more vulnerable to becoming infected
due to the close genetic link humans have with primates. Unlike Ebola, there have been only three
outbreaks of MARV, and sporadic reports of infection known to date. MARV has the uncertain
dissimilarity of being the only human pathogenic hemorrhagic fever to have been imported into
western countries. This shows that not only the original MARV epidemic in Europe, but also two
recent imported cases in the Netherlands and the United

Bacterial Meningitis Research Paper
Throughout the world, there are about eight common infectious diseases. Among this group of eight,
is a disease called meningitis. Meningitis is an infectious disease that is caused when the protective
membranes of the brain and spinal cord otherwise known as the meninges become inflamed. This
inflammation is usually a result of an infection of the fluids that surround the brain and spinal cord
within the human body.
According to the Center of Disease Control, meningitis can develop in response to a number various
causes especially by both a virus and bacterial infection. Yet, it can also occur from certain drugs,
physical injuries and also various forms of cancer. Mayo Clinic Staff states that, "Acute bacterial
meningitis usually occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and migrate to the brain and spinal
cord. But it can also occur when bacteria directly invade the meninges, as a result of an ear or sinus
infection, or a skull fracture, or rarely, after some surgeries". There are also various strains of
bacterial meningitis, the most common include streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus),
neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), haemophilus influenzae (haemophilus), and listeria
monocytogenes (listeria) (Meningitis Directory).
Bacterial meningitis is usually severe and can be deadly as well as contagious among ... Show more
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This form of infection is caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses which is usually the
cause of many cases within the United States. During late summer and early fall, this type of
meningitis circulates as a result of coming in contact with herpes simplex virus, HIV, mumps, West
Nile virus and others that can also cause viral meningitis infections. Usually a person who has been
infected will experience a sudden onset of fever, headache, stiff neck, purple rash and seizures may
occur if the disease progresses (Health Education,

Understanding The Evolution, Life History, And Aids,...
Ebola and HIV
Ebola, and AIDS, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, are both dangerous zoonotic diseases that
originated in Sub–Saharan Africa. AIDS, the result of HIV, human immunodeficiency virus, has
been an ongoing pandemic for decades. Meanwhile, the first Ebola case was recognized in the 1976
and has incurred severe sporadic outbreaks but has been controlled (Rajak, 2015). While both
rapidly mutating RNA viruses, several key factors have allowed AIDS, to become a worldwide
pandemic while Ebola has been controlled at present (Calmy, 2015). Understanding the evolution,
life history, and the socio–economic factors that affect the proliferation of each disease allows us to
understand how they arose when they did and why Ebola is controlled and AIDS isn't.
To start, Ebola and HIV are both zoonotic RNA viruses that underwent evolution and mutation to
emerge from the jungle and morph into the deadly diseases they are today. It is thought that Ebola
originated in Africa fruit bats, and was transmitted to humans for the first time through contact with
bodily fluids from the bats, either as blood or saliva. Transmission to humans most often occurs
through hunting and preparation of infected bushmeat, or consumption of fruit contaminated with
bat saliva. This was made possible because of human encroachment on natural areas and bat habitats
(Alexander, 2015). Once present in the human population more hosts allowed for extensive
mutation. This is because RNA viruses use RNA

The H1N1 Influenza Virus
The H1N1 Influenza Virus
A virus is "snippet of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA" (YouTube, Dr. Tony Fauci, H1N1 Influenza
a Virus, 2009) that is able to replicate itself only in other cells. Unlike bacteria, a virus cannot thrive
on its own. A virus has to break into a cell and take control of the cell functions in order to replicate,
often causing disease. Some viruses are benign, and others cause diseases like polio, smallpox, and
measles. There are be three types of influenza: A, B, and C, which are all found in humans.
Influenza A is found in "birds, pigs, whales, horses, and seals" (Microbiology: An Introduction,
2016, pp. 364) and also humans. It has the ability to attack the respiratory system, nose, throat, and
lungs. Influenza A can also cause fever, chills, sore throat, runny nose, cough, muscle aches, and
fatigue. The swine flu (influenza a virus) is an acute virus. The infected person shows the symptom
of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was evolved by its molecular make up from genes that have rearranged themselves from multiple
viral species from an influenza virus that is in pigs or swine; from an influenza virus that infects
birds; and from an influenza virus that infects humans. In 2009 when H1N1 was spreading, there
was no effective vaccines available at the time because the scientists or the physicians just became
aware of this brand new virus. It has been isolated and characterized and they certainly intend to
move forward to make a vaccine against this H1N1 influenza virus. Later, a vaccine was developed
to cure people who were infected and also prevent others from being infected. The injectable form
of H1N1 influenza virus vaccine is a "killed virus" vaccine and does not cause people to be infected
with the virus. The vaccine effects itself by stimulating the body to make an immune response
against the virus before the body actively sees the virus that it

Thrax: The Deadly Virus
Thrax – The Deadly Virus
Introduction: Who is Thrax? How does he look like?
Thrax is the antagonist of the movie, Osmosis Jones. He is a tall, purplish–red coloured, bacterium
that has a glowing, fiery finger on one of his hands, which allows him to infect everything that he
touches with it. Thrax is said to be the deadly disease of anthrax, which is passed to humans by
animals that have it. The reason why Thrax resembles anthrax disease is because he is a tall and
purplish–red bacterium that entered Frank through an egg he had consumed, which was in contact
with a monkey's mouth. Due to Frank consuming this egg and allowing Thrax to enter his body, it is
assumed that the agent of anthrax, called Bacillus Anthracis, was in the monkey. Bacillus ... Show
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Osmosis Jones then shot from Drix's arm to get to Thrax, as he did. Once they saw each other, they
were fighting for the DNA bead. Jones was able to get the DNA bead back from Thrax and return it
to the hypothalamus gland to return Frank's temperature back to normal. At the end of the fight
though, Thrax was knocked off of the surface they were fighting in and was dissolved by rubbing
alcohol.
Rubbing alcohol is used to kill germs or bacteria. For example, that is what a nurse would rub on
your arm before a needle. As Thrax was a deadly bacterium, he dissolved in the alcohol, which was
the end of him. In reality, the anthrax bacterium would never have just come out of the infected
person's body. To treat anthrax, one must start very early. This is because once the toxins are
released from the bacterium; it is hard to get rid of. So if someone were to start treating this
bacterium before it has done much harm, then they would often use antibiotics penicillin,
ciprofloxacin or doxycycline (Obringer, 2001). Today, we have vaccines for anthrax, so they could
be prevented in that way. But in a case like Frank's, where the anthrax bacterium went into the
bloodstream, it is highly unlikely that the person would survive, as the toxins would have taken over
the body, and killed the

Informative Essay On Valley Fever
Introduction: Over time we come to realize a lot of things we have to live life with right under our
nose and right at our door step. one of the worst and on going things we have to deal with are
Viruses. there are a wide range of different types of viruses, from ones that can kill you ,to ones that
we don't even know we have, some are contagious , and some are not, and also the dreaded air borne
viruses. One virus that is not commonly mentioned is Valley Fever. Due to its high demand of
warmer climates, this virus does not make it to a lot of the different regions across North America.
Origins:
The first case ever reported of valley fever was in the early 1890s, in Argentina. A man by the name
of Domingo Ezcurra, who was an Argentinian solder that had a skin condition that many thought to
be cancer. Back then the technology was not as advance as it is today, so after doctors followed Mr.
Ezcurra's case for many years, he passed away from his illness. It wasn't until the early 1900s that
they concluded valley fever as a fungal disease. By 1930, there was a huge outbreak of Valley Fever
in San ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though Valley Fever is listed by the Center for Disease Control as a rare disease, it doesn't
change the fact that Valley Fever also has it's own major set of symptoms. Valley Fever can infect
humans but also can infect animals such as dogs. The common symptoms in humans that can appear
from this virus are: fatigue, cough, chest pains, fever, rash, headache and joint aches. Other
symptoms can include: night sweats, chills, loss of appetite, weight loss, muscle aches, nausea, and
also leg, ankle, and foot swelling. The common symptoms for dogs are loss of appetite, cough and
difficulty breathing. If you would like to learn more about symptoms in dogs, visit:

Why Do Viruses Cause Cancer?
People think viruses are able to trigger cancer if someone was to be infected with a virus. Cancer is
defined by Oxford's dictionary as " the disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells
in a part of the body". While a virus is defined by Oxford as, "an infective agent that typically
consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat...and is able to multiply only within the living
cells of a host". Furthermore, a virus carries a single strand of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). This acid is
a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and
expression of genes ("RNA").
Once the virus has entered a host cell, the virus releases the RNA strand to be replicated and form
more viruses until

Flu Viruses: Epidemics And Pandemics
When you get the flu, do you know what kind and how deadly it is? There are actually three kinds!
Each of them are different from the other. When you are getting a flu shot, you are getting
vaccinated for only one of the types. It's important to know how each affects us. The three types of
flu viruses are type A, type B, and type C.
Influenza A is the worst of the three kinds. According to source 1, flu type A can infect animals,
though it is more common among humans. Wild birds are common hosts. Influenza A2 is spread by
people who are already infected. It can be spread by sneezing and coughing. Influenza A is the type
of flu you get a shot for. It can cause epidemics and pandemics. This is important because we need
to know why doctors

Essay On Childhood Immunization
A vaccination/immunization is given to children and adults which help to stimulate their immunity
by making antibodies (Immunizations 2011). The antibodies made fight against viruses or bacteria
that can cause serious diseases, leading to severe impairment or death in some cases (Immunizations
2011). With the aid of vaccinations/immunizations we eradicated small pox, eliminated measles,
chicken pox, H. influenza, Bordetella pertussis, tetanus and many more (World Health Organization
2017). This accomplishment was met with many praises and hopes that this would help eliminate
unnecessary death from these diseases in childhood. In present time, we have now faced the
certainty that some of the diseases we thought were eliminated have reemerged. To try and figure
out what is the cause and how this happened would require lots of investigative studies which will
not be done in this paper. This paper will focus on getting immigrant children immunized against
these deadly diseases thereby eliminating this as being one of the causes of this reemergence.
There are ten main immunizations that are recommended for children 4 months to 6 years old and
only eight immunizations for 7 to 18 years old (CDC ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The disease is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis which was once a major cause of infant
and childhood morbidity and mortality in the United States. With whooping cough, it is different in
that all the other diseases were caused by viruses and this is caused by a bacterial infection this goes
into the throat and nose. This disease has some of the same symptom such as sneezing, coughing
that can last up to a minute with no breath of air which can lead to detrimental problems for the
child. This especially can cause a problem with young children who cannot catch their

The Ebola virus (EBOV) Essay
1. Introduction
The Ebola virus (EBOV) is a dangerous virus which has a chance of mortality when infected up to
90%. This makes it one of the most deadly viruses for humans in the world. 1, 2 It does not stop
there. Various EBOV outbreaks have fatally infected tens of thousands of chimpan–zees, duikers
and gorillas. It those areas it is a great threat to the wildlife.3
EBOV belongs to the order of the nonsegmented negative–sense (NNS)RNA type viruses, the
Mononegavirales and it is part of the family Filoviridae. EBOV is a member of the genus
Ebolavirus. This genus has five distinct species: Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Su–dam
ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebola virus and Reston ebolavirus.4 The Ebola virus should not be confused ...
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Interferon signaling is the release of proteins by the host cell to communicate to the immune system
that there are pathogens present in the host cell. Second in combination with NP and VP35 it takes
part of the formation of the nu–cleocapsid and third, it is shown that without VP24 there is far les
VP30 in virus–like particles. The last shows VP24 is nessecary for a fully functional
nucleocapsid.13
The polymerase cofactor VP35 is a protein in the nucleocapsid that just as VP24, possesses the
ability to inhibit interferon signaling.14 Also it probably regulates the transcription and
replication.15
VP30 is also in the nucleocapsid and possible has a direct interaction in the transcription of EBOV
RNA. Also it probably regulates replication. 15
The RNA Polymerase L protein is a part of the replication and transcription cycle. It is also believed
that it regulates the enzymatic activities for replication and transcription
The NP plays an central role in virus replication. Also it is necessary, together with VP24 and VP35,
to build nucleocapsid–like structures.6 Although NP is so important for the virus, its exact role is
still unknown.
Figure 1:6 A. This is a schematic diagram of EBOV genome The proteins depicted are the three
prime untranslated region (UTR), nucleoprotein (NP), the viral proteins (VP) 35 and 40, the
glycoprotein (GP), VP30, VP 24, the RNA–dependent RNA polymerase (L) and the five prime
untranslated region.7, 16 The transcription starts at the

Argument Against Viruses
Nearly everyone on Earth at some point, has had some experience with a virus. From the common
cold to infections that are life–threatening such as HIV, the virus is responsible. The virus is
particularly difficult to deal with because, as of this time, modern medical science hasn't exactly
figured out how to kill a virus in a simple way. Many infections caused by bacteria, unlike a virus,
can be killed by antibiotic treatment. The virus, however, is a completely different story.
Viruses are smallacellular particles that infect the body and replicates itself inside of living cells
only. It is capable of infecting plants, animals and smaller microorganisms as well. Scientists are not
exactly sure how the virus came to be but some think it evolved ... Show more content on
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It isn't easy! Unfortunately, we can't just take a pill and kill it. Why? Viruses are small. REALLY
small. In fact, they are about 100x smaller than a human cell. Also, a virus' external covering, or
viral envelope, is almost identical to the host cell's membranes and this makes it nearly impossible
for a drug to target the virus7. The best method is prevention. Clean hands, good hygiene, safe
sexual practices, and avoiding the use of intravenous drugs are some ways to prevent the spread of
viruses. There are some immunizations that have been developed, such as for some strains of
influenza, chicken pox, etc. that we can get to prevent infection by introducing a small, inactive dose
of the virus into the body. The body's immune system recognizes the virus if it enters the body later
and immediately fights the virus off. Sadly, some viral infections have no immunization or cure as
they mutate constantly7. There are some antiviral drugs available on the market, but unlike
antibiotics, which kills the bacterial, antiviral drugs seek to prevent the virus from developing. Some
anti–viral drugs seeks to keep the virus from being able to enter the cell. Some viruses have a lipid
envelope must bind the envelope with the target cell before they can remove their coats. Some anti–
viral drugs prevent this step. Others are designed to prevent the virus from binding to the cell

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Essay
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases are an intimate part of many people's lives. These diseases, one could
say, represent a conflict between human and nature. It is a part of nature that humans are inclined to
engage in sexual activity . Yet, humans are endangering themselves with the spreading of these
diseases. Also, a human oriented disease can take on a life of its own, so to speak, and even turn
deadly when nature takes it course. Humans have created antibiotics and other drugs to cure the
diseases and help with the symptoms of these diseases, but the complications that can arise from
these diseases sometimes have no cure, and it is at this time that nature takes over. Sexually
transmitted diseases are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
HIV attacks and weakens the immune system, which then cannot fight off bacteria, parasites, or
cancer cells that are attacking the body.
It takes anywhere from three to ten years for a person infected with the HIV virus to develop AIDS.
A blood test is the best way to know if one is HIV positive (infected with the HIV virus).
Symptoms of the HIV virus show up in the first few months; these include fever, chills, nausea,
diarrhea, fatigue, swollen glands, and rashes. Symptoms of AIDS are cancer spots on the skin,
extreme weight loss, white patches in the mouth, and swollen glands, to name a few.
HIV is found in the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. It is also present in saliva and
tears, but there is not enough HIV to cause infection. In order to infect another person, these fluids
have to find a way of getting into that other person's blood. Sharing drug needles with a person
infected with the HIV virus is high risk for transmission. Unprotected anal or vaginal sex is also
risky because of the exchange of body fluids. One cannot get HIV from dry–kissing on the mouth or
from donating blood.
Although there is treatment to slow down the virus, there is no cure, Treatment can lessen the
severity of the symptoms, rather than reduce the presence of the disease itself. Chlamydia
Chlamydia is one of the leading sexually transmitted diseases in the United States today. There are
an estimated 4 million new cases each year.

Ebola Virus Research Paper
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare deadly infection that is caused by one of five identified strains of
the Ebola virus.
The Ebola virus needs to find a host cell to be able to replicate and there are 6 steps in the
replication cycle that are shared by all viruses. These are attachment, penetration, uncoating,
replication, assembly and release.
The virus on entering the body will target specific cells such as those of the liver, immune system
and the endothelial lining of the blood vessels.
The ebola virus contains RNA which is its genetic blueprint and to replicate it must get 'help' by
infiltrating host cells. These host cells are protected by a membrane so to enter the cell the virus
attaches itself by a glycoprotein that's sticks out from its surface to the nutrients the cell requires for
survival. Macropinocytosis, a non–specific engulfing process, is thought to be the most likely
mechanism that the ebola virus uses to gain entry into the host cell. Once inside the cell the RNA of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Virus in body fluids (such as blood) can survive up to several days at room temperature.
Ebolaviruses can also be inactivated by heating for 30 to 60 min at 60°C, boiling for 5 min.
Laboratory studies done under environmental conditions that favor the persistence of virus found
that Ebola virus titers on contaminated solid surfaces decrease rapidly at room temperature but that
viability can persist for several days at 4°C. Continuing scientific research is therefore essential to
develop a clearer understanding of the virus and its mechanisms so that vaccines and treatment
protocols can be developed alongside education programs designed to help people avoid contracting
the virus and also prevent its

Why Organ System Fail
Your body work as a team, and if one system fails, they all fail. Your body has levels of organization
starting with tiny cell, which forms tissue, which forms organs, which forms organ systems. There
are also eleven main body system which all need each other to work. They all work together to make
sure that you can live. As I said, if one system fails, they all fail. That shows that no system is more
important than another. The system that I have chosen to do is the immune system which keeps the
deadly things not so deadly.
If it wasn't for your immune system, a cold would mean death. The immune system has many ways
of destroying pathogens, and with many types of cells. The first cell is called a phagocyte, which
engulfs and breaks down

Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Research Paper
Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a highly contagious virus that is contracted when the victim
touches a surface or sneezes. It is believed that SARS primarily attacks the lungs but it is not fully
understood if it is the only organ affected. Some liver abnormalities have occurred but it is not fully
known if the disease attacks the liver as well. The virus is believed to have originated from China,
but it was diagnosed in a Vietnamese hospital by Dr. Carlo Urbani. Both the doctor and the patient
died from SARS complications.
The symptoms of the disease are similar to that of the common cold since it's a member of the
coronavirus. The most common symptoms of the SARS virus is chills and shaking, coughing, fever,
headaches, and muscle aches. In some extreme cases the lung symptoms may worsen even after the
fever has stopped. The incubation period for SARS seem to be 2–10 days, the cough can appear
within 2 or 3 days after exposure.
Doctors use many medications and methods to treat SARS, they use antibiotics to treat any bacteria
that may cause pneumonia. They administer high doses of steroids to reduce lung swelling, oxygen
and breathing support could also be used. In some cases they use blood of a patient that has already
recovered to treat others. There is no vaccine for SARS, only way to contain it from spreading is by
quarantine the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Sandra Gonzalez Gompf, 2015) PCR would only be available thru the CDC, the test are performed
using samples of respiratory secretions or blood. The test would only be performed if the patient
traveled to a location that exposure to the virus is suspected, it would then be confirmed whether the
results are positive or negative by the CDC. When a hospital tries to diagnose the disease the chest
X–rays would show pneumonia, Lymphocyte and palate counts would be low as well. (Sandra
Gonzalez Gompf,

Essay on The Hanta Virus
The Hanta Virus
The hanta virus is not a new foe to humanity. This mysterious and sometimes fatal disease has
plagued humanity for over 1000 years. This virus, most likely originating in China over 1000 years
ago, is transmitted by human contact with mice. Only relatively recently has the hanta virus
captured the attention of the United States. Although the hanta virus has been known for such a long
time, there is little known about the virus. In the United States most cases are found in the
southwestern part of the country, although cases have been reported from all four corners of the
country. Recently, there have been successful tests done on prospective vaccines for the hanta virus.
Despite this, strains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There can be no human to human transmission of this virus, therefore it is not spread by people but
only by deer mice (www.slac.stanford.edu). Most infections of the hanta virus resulted from contact
with mice or their droppings in homes while cleaning (Ince).
The first symptoms of the hanta virus are often characterized as flu–like. This includes a fever,
coughing and muscle fatigue (www.pharminfo.com). Other beginning symptoms may also include
chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and stomach pain (www.bepestfree.com). Untreated or severe
cases can lead to fluid in the lungs, causing respiratory failure and ultimately, death
(www.nmus.edu). Not typically reported, the hanta virus can also cause kidney failure, again with
the possibility of leading to death (www.latinolink.com). As of March 17, 1997, there were 158
confirmed cases of the hanta virus in the United States (www.bepestfree.com). As of July 1996 there
were 133 cases of the hanta virus confirmed in the United States, and approximately half of these
cases lead to death (www.nmsu.edu).
There are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk contracting the hanta virus. One highly
recommended measure is to spray mouse feces, dead mice or areas inhabited by mice with a water
and bleach solution (5:1). After this, all work done around the area, such as cleaning, should be done
while wearing rubber gloves and a dust mask. All contamination

Keeping Your Dog Healthy Essay
Many people believe when they purchase a dog all it needs is food and water and vaccinations really
aren't that important. Almost all pets need vaccinations that are crucial to their wellbeing. The price
of keeping pets healthy are quite high which is one reason why most owners refuse to get their pets
vaccinated, but the cost for vaccinations are nowhere near as expensive as the cost of treatment it
takes to get a sick pet well again
There are five vaccinations dogs need every year, Rabies, DAPP, Lyme, Bordetella, and Lepto.
"During Vaccination, modified bacteria, a parasite or virus is administered to your pet by injection
or intra–nasally (though the nose). "The vaccination triggers an immune response within your pet's
body to protect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of right now there are no tests that directly respond to the rabies virus but the "fluorescent
antibody test is the most accurate" at helping diagnosing this deadly virus. Unfortunately, there is
not cure or treatment for the rabies virus. Once your pet has been infected, if not vaccinated before–
hand, the only option other than euthanasia is for the pet to be isolated and observed for 6 months
and hope they survive.
The DAPP (Distemper/Parvo) vaccination protects your dog from contracting the Parvovirus which
usually houses in the intestinal tract. The parvovirus can be transmitted by contact with an infected
dog, or even contact with infected feces, and infected feces can remain "active" in the ground for
five to seven months. The Parvovirus attacks the intestinal structure of the dogs organs and can lead
to a massive loss of proteins, blood and fluids usually the dog will become sick, losing its appetite,
vomiting, and having bloody diarrhea which will result in the pet becoming very lethargic. It usually
takes three to seven days for symptoms to show after being infected with the Parvovirus. The
Parvovirus can be treated if caught in its early stages having a survival rate of eighty five percent or
greater and if left untreated it has a mortality rate of ninety percent or

Viruses: How Does Antimicrobial Resistance Happen?
How does antimicrobial resistance happen? There are millions of viruses thought–out the world and
many of them are deadly, take the Influenza virus for instance. The Influenza strain is a constantly
changing virus; they change from year to year, and as the flu virus reproduces their genetic makeup
may change. Due to the genetic makeup changes in Influenza it can become resistant to the antiviral
drugs that are used to prevent or treat the virus. What is the process? The virus can become resistant
in many ways, it can happen extemporaneously or during the treatment process of the virus; also
resistant may vary due to how the virus is transmitted from person to person. Viruses like Influenza
are consistently collected and tested by the CDC,

Rabies : The Virus and Its Mechanisms Essay
Rabies : The Virus and Its Mechanisms
Rabies is an infectious disease that has been around the world since the time of Columbus and his
first trip to the New World. Back then, it was characterized as the "mad dog" disease and only few
would survive it. Those who survived, it was said, were due to miracles. Rabies is a disease that
attacks and infiltrates the nervous system and ultimately attacks the brain of its host, leading to
neuronal dysfunctions. Throughout the years, scientists have studied the virus with deep interest, as
some of its qualities are known, and others are not. Being a complex virus, there are many things
that attribute to its life cycle, each with a unique purpose that leads to the complete attack of the host
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The virus gets to a point in which it has infected the body enough that the
Rabies: The Virus Page 1
2 of 7 salivary glands cause a foaming at the mouth. This is the most famous symptom of RABV to
most people, although there are subtle pathognomonic symptoms more obvious to physicians.
Rabies virus is a "highly neurotropic virus" that spreads along neural conduits and plagues the
central nervous system, where it generates a severe infection. (Jackson 341) Although a virus, it can
be treated with a series of vaccines that can be administered to the host. There have been six famous
cases of human survival to the disease; five of these people had already been previously vaccinated
against rabies but one had not. The case involved a young female teenager fifteen years of age that
had not been previously vaccinated against RABV when diagnosed. She was put under an induced
coma to slow down the process of the virus, which gave doctors more time to fight the virus and
save her life. (Johnson) Although one can go unscathed from the virus, if not treated correctly
against RABV, it can be deadly.
The rabies virus has a specific pathway that it follows along the human host. First, the virus is
inoculated into the human host when a rabid mammal bites him/her, which is followed by viral
replication in the muscle. This is known as the incubation period, which in humans, is usually

The Deadly Ebola Virus Essay
It's a world class traveler, but it doesn't have a passport. It's highly contagious, but it can't be cured.
Ebola: (EBOV) the virus that has captured the attention of viewers worldwide with its recent
outbreak. The World Health Organization has confirmed that 5,288 people have recently lost their
lives to the contagious virus, and due to the rising death tolls, have marked this outbreak to be the
deadliest. The sudden reappearance of EBOV has not only encouraged the continued effort towards
containment, but has also sparked another concern: Could this plaguing virus be morphed into a
weapon? Analysts are now considering EBOV's potential to become the main ammunition in a
revolutionary new form of warfare that would include infused bombs, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
("Ebola Virus Disease").
Note: Regardless of how tempting it sounds, never eat fruit bats or antelope. In African countries,
these animals are delicacies, but have also been identified as potential carriers of Ebola. According
to NPR writer Michaeleen Doucleff, fruit bat and antelope meat are believed to be hosts for Ebola
(Doucleff). Not only can their meat be infected, but they can also contaminate fruit and pass the
virus onto its consumer. Recent research studies have shown that the infection has the ability to
coexist and replicate in bats but will not kill them nor will it cause them to show any sign of
infection, making them the perfect carriers (Leroy et al. 575).
The sneezing, the coughing, the congestion, the feeling of an elephant sitting on your chest... having
a common cold is a form of terror in it of itself. What if this virus could affect thousands at a time
with the push of a button? More frightening than that, what if the same method were used to spread
a far more fatal virus, such as Ebola? With the recent outbreak, scientists are beginning to direct
their attention to a new threat... the possibility of an Ebola bomb.
In his interview with Great Britain's "The Sun", Cambridge University Professor Peter Walsh stated
"A bigger and more serious risk is that a group manages to harness the virus as a powder,

Deadly Ebola Virus
Most people would say that there are two different versions of viruses. One version of viruses
infects people's computers and completely ruins them (which personally happens to me way to
often, by the way), but the other version of viruses is a lot more deadly. These viruses affect all sorts
of living things and could cause them to get very sick. Viruses replicate themselves inside an
organism's living cells and they then spread to other organisms. Viruses usually spread in a similar
fashion to how if you have the flu and you cough on somebody, then they will get sick as well.
According to a website called Virology Blog, we do not consider viruses to be living things because,
quite frankly, viruses are passive and do not fit the definition ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Rabies virus is, along with the Ebola virus, in Group V and the Mononegavirales order. The
Rabies virus is also in the Rhabdoviridae family and the Lyssavirus genus. According to Wikipedia,
the Rabies virus can affect both humans and animals. The Rabies virus can spread by organisms
coming into contact with the saliva of an animal that has the Rabies virus. This could also work with
the saliva of a human that has the Rabies virus, but it is a little bit less common. How the Rabies
virus spreads was first discovered in the year 1932, when a Government Bacteriologist from
Trinidad in the West Indies named Joseph Lennox Pawan found out that vampire bats that had the
Rabies virus could actually spread the Rabies virus to other animals and humans. The Rabies virus
itself was first discovered about a year before this and by the same Government Bacteriologist,
Joseph Lennox Pawan. In September 1931, he discovered sharply outlined pathognomonic inclusion
bodies called Negri bodies, named after an Italian pathologist named Adelchi Negri, in the brain of a
bat with unusual habits and

Essay on The Adaptive Parasite
The Adaptive Parasite
Viruses are molecular sharks, a motive without a mind. They have sorted themselves into tribes, and
they infect everything that lives. . . . Unknown viruses are coming out of the equatorial wildernesses
of the earth and discovering the human race. . . . You might call AIDS the revenge of the rainforest.
(Preston 160–61)
After reading Richard Preston's ominous and threatening portrayal of viruses in his article "Crisis In
The Hot Zone," one may be alarmed enough to invest in surgical scrubs and a space suit to wear as a
permanent precaution against these evidently vengeful creatures. In truth, there are lethal viruses
that exist for which there is currently no vaccine or cure, and there are various ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The process of evolution results when organisms reproduce more individuals than the environment
can support, genetic variation naturally and inevitably occurs, the organisms that are the most
successful within their habitat survive, and those that are deficient and weak are eliminated. The
survivors of this ecological pressure are able to flourish, reproduce, and pass their favorable genes
onto subsequent generations. Many biologists believe that viruses evolved after the appearance of
the first cells and favor the hypothesis that they "originated from fragments of cellular nucleic acids,
[DNA or RNA], that could move from one cell to another" within an organism (Campbell, Mitchell,
and Reece 330). This theory asserts that a portion of DNA or RNA initially became separated from
the remainder of the cell's genome, and the newly formed virus then migrated into another cell.
Isolated fragments of DNA or RNA would be biologically inert; therefore, viruses have been
"engineered by the forces of evolution" to maximize their survival as mobile, parasitic organisms
(Preston 159). Viruses, as mere segments of nucleic acids, have developed various adaptations that
ensure their reproduction, their transport from cell to cell, and their survival at the expense of
another organism.
Viruses have adapted a dependency on the cells of another organism, termed a host, to provide both
shelter and a metabolic means of reproduction. Different viruses have evolved

Zika Virus: A Case Study
The Zika virus is a virus that has been around for a long time but has recently sprouted again(Vogel,
Gretchen Jan. 29, 2016). The virus is spread by a certain type of mosquitos called Aedes(Centers for
disease control and prevention, February 22, 2016). The virus doesn't last long, only about a week
filled of symptoms like fever, tiredness, red eyes, and many other symptoms. Zika can be deadly but
it is not likely, there are not many cases were a person has died from Zika. There is currently no
vaccine for Zika but scientists are trying to figure out one but it could take many years. As many as
30,148 cases have been detected by scientist(Martinez, Michael, Feb. 20, 2016. CNN).
The 2016 Olympics can become famous for not only creating athletes ... Show more content on
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The symptoms are as mild as a common cold. Fetuses are highly affected by the Zika virus with the
condition known as microcephaly(Centers for disease control and prevention, February 22, 2016).
Microcephaly is when a fetus is born with a small head that doesn't continue to grow after the child
was born. Doctors haven't determined the long–term effects for this condition on those children born
with microcephaly. Doctors don't know how the shape of the head will affect the child. Will it have
learning problems? Will it cause them to die at a early age? Will they be able to talk like we do?
Will they have the same problems as autistics or Down syndrome people? So many questions that
no one has the answers to.
To prevent transmission of the virus you should use mosquito repellant, mosquito nets, wear long
sleeved shirts, and pants. Mosquito bites is how the virus is transmitted from person to person(World
Health Organization Director–general, Feb. 1, 2016). Zika can also be spread by sexual
transmission, so always use protection with any partner(Martinez, Michael, Feb. 20, 2016. CNN).
Limiting travel to known affected countries can also be a great way to prevent getting the virus. Zika
is transmitted in one of the most common ways, mosquitos which can transmit any virus

Zika Virus: A Case Study
The recent outbreak of the Zika virus in parts of Central and South America has triggered
widespread fear in the U.S. fueled in part by concentrated media coverage and false knowledge of
the disease. In a recent survey conducted by the Annenberg Public Policy Center (2006) found that
roughly 50% of Americans were concerned that the virus would expand to include the area in which
they live, 19% believed that it is likely that sitting near an infected individual increased the
likelihood of catching it, 38% believed that the virus is deadly, and 35% believed a conspiracy
theory claiming that that genetically modified mosquitos have directly caused the virus to spread.
Despite the popularity of these beliefs, they are all false according to the U. S. Center for Disease
control and prevention (CDC, 2016b).
The CDC (2016a) reports that there are few cases of the disease in the U.S. (82 to date), and all but
nine of these cases were in individuals who had returned from travel to regions where the virus is
present. They also clarify that as a vector–borne disease, Zika cannot be transmitted through contact
with infected persons, but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the reasons that exotic illnesses promote anxiety is that they are extensively covered in
popular media, making them seem to be more of a direct threat to individuals than they really are
according to research conducted by Young, King, Harper, and Humphreys (2013). They found that
frequent media reports which focus on the unusual nature of the illness lead viewers to believe that
the risk of catching the disease is much higher than it truly is and makes extremely rare side effects
seem to be common. This amplified perception of risk frequently triggers fear which is out of
proportion with the actual dangers associated with the illness (Young et al.,

The Toll of Influenze, We Heard the Bells Essay
In 1918–1919, the worst flu in recorded history occurred, killing an estimated 50 million people
worldwide. The U.S. death toll was 675,000 – five times the number of U.S. soldiers killed in World
War I. Crazy! This flu was unlike any other, and in infected unlike any other. Not to mention, the
progression of this illness was extremely quick. One minute you're fine and the next you're suffering
from a high–grade fever and lying on your death bed. Unlike the influenza virus that many are
familiar with today, this form of the virus targeted –– and killed –– the young and healthy. This to
me was an interesting fact as it is more common that viruses affect those who are elderly, pregnant,
under the age of five, or suffer from chronic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A further piece of information that caught my eye during this video was how motivated, determined,
and yet rather desperate they were to create a vaccination. After nearly 80 years, they still wanted
and needed a vaccination. I believe this is because they understood that this illness can still be a
threat and lurk back up into today's world much more powerful and deadly. The reason I say they
were desperate is because the flu is changing nearly every season and viruses like the avian flu
(which they believe the flu of 1918 was a form of) is creeping back up on the radar. It's in my
opinion they were desperate not only to have some closure on such a horrible time in history, but
also, to find a vaccine, that if needed, can be used again at later point in time to prevent such an
outbreak from happening again. I think it also shows the importance in vaccinations, although many
people don't believe they are necessary. Most importantly, the take–away point for me to always be
prepared for both the good and the bad. The people living during that time weren't necessarily
expecting for something so deadly to come through knock out half a million people. (Then again,
who wakes up expecting to have a deadly virus come through and take their life?!) Americans were
especially not prepared for it as they were already dealing with the war and

Herpes B Research Paper
Herpes–B Virus and sources of transmission
Herpes viruses have a history of infecting different animals in the past. The herpes–b virus is carried
by numerous species of macaque monkeys, which are believed to be a natural host for the virus. An
increasing population of drifting monkeys in Florida takes a herpes virus that is deadly to people.
The herpes–B infection is sporadic in individuals, but if it does happen, it could lead to serious brain
injury or death when the individual is not treated immediately.
Signs and Symptoms
Genital herpes infections frequently don't have any symptoms or moderate symptoms which go
unrecognized. Most of the infected men and women are unaware they have the disease. Typically,
about 10–20 percent of individuals with HSV–2 infection report a previous identification of yeast.
Diagnosis
This sort of virus is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It looks like pretty necessary but useful information, particularly today that scientists have
discovered that over a quarter of those cute, feral invaders take the deadly herpes B virus. These
macaques can be witnessed wandering the area adjacent to the park. It can cause a severe disease in
people that if untreated may be fatal in over 70% of the scenarios, inducing an encephalomyelitis.
Scientists are analyzing an increase of rhesus monkeys in Silver Springs State Park state. It is
suspected that monkeys are carrying herpes virus which can cause severe health and security
problems for the human health as well as the animals of the park. From a healthcare perspective, it is
quite common that certain monkey species might be the career of herpes virus. The infected
monkeys might transmit the virus through their saliva and other bodily fluids. Individual visitors to
the park are likely to be vulnerable through contact with saliva in macaque bites and scrapes or by
contact with viral drop through feces and

Ebola Is A Deadly Virus Disease
Ebola is a deadly virus disease that is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated surfaces
or bodily fluids of humans or animals, ("Ebola virus disease," 2016). It is not entirely known exactly
how Ebola works in the body, but scientists have theories, ("What Does Ebola Do to the Body,"
2016). An article by Servick (2014) states that once it has entered the body, the virus attacks the
victim's dendritic cells, which activates the body's T cells, so the body is unable to fend off the
disease. The article notes that the virus is able to replicate itself quickly by intercepting interferons,
which are molecules that stop viral reproduction, and potentially kill the victim if left untreated.
Victims generally break out into fevers and have body pains in the early stages of infection, ("What
Does Ebola Do to the Body," 2016). Servick (2014) also indicates that next, macrophages, which are
a type of white blood cell, eats the virus as it travels through the blood which in turn infects the
macrophage and causes clotting in the blood vessels and decreases blood flow to vital parts of the
body. She asserts that it also causes the blood vessels to leak because they produce nitric oxide, a
gas, which leads to a symptom of some patients externally hemorrhaging and bleeding from certain
orifices. Ebola either targets cells in different tissues or it signals for immune cells to release
inflammatory molecules which also destroy cells, as mentioned in Servick's article.

The Fear Equation Analysis
One last example of fear causing a positive change in society is based not off of violence and
terrorist attacks, but instead based on the fear of contracting a horrific disease. When the first case of
Ebola was announced panic struck not just in America but internationally as well. This deadly
disease caused mass hysteria and panic. In the article "The Fear Equation", Specter explains how
just one diagnosed case of Ebola caused a whole city to panic and prepare for the worst. The fear of
contracting Ebola has allowed scientists to focus on finding a cure. "Advances in molecular and
synthetic biology have begun to provide a sophisticated understanding of the genetic composition of
viruses. We are increasingly able to make vaccines by assembling

Papaya- Perennial Fruits
Papaya are perennial fruits from the Caricaceae family which are used as food, cooking aid and
traditional medicine. Papaya's Latin name is Carica Papaya. Papaya is melon–like, oval to nearly
round and elongated club–shaped. Papaya's flesh is succulent and color ranging from yellow to red
to orange. Papaya is cultivated in tropical and sub–tropical zones. The optimal growth condition for
papaya are well–drained, well aerated and rich organic matter soil (pH 5.5 – 6.7), atmospheric
temperature at 22–26 degree Celsius and an evenly distributed rainfall of 100 to 150cm. Papayas are
usually grown from seeds. Germination occurs within 2 to 4 weeks after sowing. The primary reason
for developing a genetic virus resistance for papaya is to counter the devastating effect of Papaya
Ring Spot Virus on papaya. Papaya Ring Spot Virus is a deadly disease for papaya that inhibits the
photosynthesis function of the plant and stunts growth leading to the death of the plant. Papaya Ring
Spot Virus is a from potyvirus group and is an aphid–transmissible RNA virus that are infects
papaya and can also be spread via human contact from infected to healthy plants. There is no
chemical cure for papaya infected with Papaya Ring Spot Virus. In 1992, an outbreak of Papaya
Ring Spot Virus spread throughout the papaya plantation of Hawaii. Papaya production dropped 40
percent in the course of five years.
In 1987, researchers at the University of Hawaii and Cornell University started researching on

Deadly Disease of West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus Disease
The first recorded case of the West Nile virus was in the West Nile area (Uganda) of Africa in 1937
as stated by Peairs (2014) (para. 5). The virus has spread in recent years to Europe and the United
States, causing illness in birds, horses, and humans. Peairs (2014) also stated that the first case of the
virus in the U.S. was detected in 1999 in New York City (para. 8). Today, the virus has expanded
across the U.S. and continues to infect thousands of people each year.
The West Nile virus is most frequently transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. The people who
acquire this virus are usually asymptomatic, although, in severe cases, this virus can cause serious
neurological diseases or can ultimately lead to death. The World Health Organization (2011) states
that the West Nile virus is commonly found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, North America, and
West Asia. There are currently no medications or vaccine available to treat or prevent the West Nile
virus, though there are several ways that one can protect themselves and ways one can ease the
symptoms of the virus.
According to Sejvar (2014), "the ongoing outbreak of the West Nile virus in North America has
greatly expanded our understanding of the spectrum of illness associated with the West Nile Virus
infection in humans, and a number of previously under–recognized syndromes have been
characterized" (para. 2). This includes the sign and symptoms, short–term and long–term
complications, and

Vaccination: A Deadly Virus
In human history, people had a long history in conquered the deadly virus. The minute a new baby is
born, an injection is shot at his/hers arm, and it is the symbol of vaccination. The progress of
vaccination could trace back to 1979. Edward Jenner, a scientist, who firstly infected people by
cowpox (a viral disease that used to inoculate humans against smallpox) and successfully saved 530
millions of lives from the smallpox. Today vaccinations are available for variety forms of life
threatening diseases such as: smallpox, polio, yellow fever, influenza, measles and so on. The
research and development of vaccine makes a significant contribution to public health, however,
recently big waves of anti–vaccination parades and comments sweep across

Epidemiology And Ebola
Epidemiology is a discipline that describes, quantifies, and postulates causal mechanisms for health
phenomena in populations (Friis & Sellers, 2014). They are applied to better understand, perhaps
manage population's health challenges. Epidemiology can be applied to the study of a deadly virus
called Ebola. The Ebola virus disease was identified in 1976, and fatalities peaked due to
uncontrolled outbreaks starting in Central Africa.
Ebola applies to the epidemiologic triad/triangle, made up of the agent, the host, and the
environment. The only agent of Ebola is biological and dubbed "ebolavirus," a filamentous virus
and member of the Filoviridae family. These ebolavirus agents, once the body is exposed, live
within lipid membranes. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The virus is transmitted to human society from close contact with fluids from wild animals and
spreads in the human population through human–to–human transmission. In the human
demographic, the elderly and children under 10 are less likely to fight off the disease. Additionally,
risk is greatly heightened for health workers (especially in Africa), handlers of wild animals, and
people practicing unprotected sex. Symptoms are plausible to appear in any span of time up to 21
days, although the average is about 10 days. These symptoms include a first wave of fever,
headache, and pain in the muscles and throat. Following, hosts experience more intense symptoms
such as vomiting, rash, impaired function of inner extremities, and internal and external bleeding.
On many occasions, the effects of Ebola are fatal.
The environment: Ebola is exclusively spread through the exchanging of bodily fluids. The virus is
not airborne. However, recent research has suggested links between rising global temperatures and
the spread of disease. In Africa, rapid environmental changes characterize the region, as do high
temperatures, allowing Ebola a more suitable environment to spread. In addition, messy or poor
environments are much more susceptible to rapid spread of infection.
For countries that lack accommodation and resources to care for afflicted patients, the environment
can become from deadly as Ebola can quickly claim the lives of affected

The Epidemic Of Ebola Virus
In our decade, there have been mass discoveries of ways to treat, cure and prevent infectious
viruses. If you were to just Google infectious virus breakthroughs the results would almost seem
endless. With the recent outbreak of the Ebola virus one might begin to forget or bypass any recent
advances. There is no denying that the Ebola virus has already had a tragic effect on our globe, and
with our 24–hour news update availability it is often uncertain of what is true and what is untrue.
What we do know is that Ebola has mostly been deadly, but it is treatable. Ebola is scary; it is a
virus that has taken many lives, mostly in North Africa. Now our President has decided to send
troops to help curb the spread of the disease. Many Americans now I'm sure, are concerned for the
well being of the soldiers being sent overseas, and the possibility of a wider spread of the virus.
Although there is a risk in aiding our fellow countries, as a Nation under God, we have an obligation
to help our fellow man. We once made a legendary pledge of allegiance, which should be upheld.
Otherwise, these would just be words without meaning, and as a Nation would we not want our
brother and sister countries to help us in our time of need?
In our Country and in our lives we deal with threats every day, big and small. We have problems
come in and out of our lives on a daily basis. Did you know that there is a scientific formula or a
process if you will for how to deal with these problems?

Hiv And Aids : A Deadly Virus Essay
HIV and AIDS Explained
Sebastian V. Aparicio
NorthWest Career and Technical Academy
The human immunodeficiency virus commonly known as HIV, is a deadly virus if left untreated.
Unfortunately there's no cure, but ever since the outbreak 30 years ago in the United states, there
have been many advances in drugs.5 The death of HIV has decreased, as well as the amount of
people getting diagnosed. All in all, HIV has a unique life cycle with stages that it advances to, and
has caused unwanted stigma and discrimination throughout the United States.
HIV follows specific steps in order to infect the host. In the first step of the HIV life cycle, binding
occurs. In this step, HIV attaches itself to a specific white blood cell known as CD4.1 These cells
are responsible for sending signals to activate the immune system response in helping detect harmful
pathogens.2 Fusion of the HIV and CD4 envelope then allows HIV to enter the CD4 cell.1 Once in
the cell, reverse transcriptase is released in order to convert HIV RNA into HIV DNA.1 Because of
that, HIV is now able to enter the CD4 nucleus. HIV then uses another enzyme integrase which
allows HIV DNA to combine with CD4 DNA.1 Soon after, HIV proteins are made from the
machinery of CD4; those proteins are the blueprints in making more HIV.1 The new HIV proteins
and RNA assemble into new immature HIV once in the surface of the cell.1The last step is budding,
in this step the new HIV goes outside of

Viral Analysis : Viral Meningitis
Viral Meningitis
Dyanna Flores
Health Science Technology
3/4/2016
Viral Meningitis
Aseptic meningitis, otherwise known as Viral meningitis, is a viral infection that causes the lining of
the brain and spinal cord to be inflamed. There are numerous viruses that can generate this
infectious disease causing it to be life threatening in some cases. This is a common disease, but
there's less than 200,000 cases known in the US every year. This is an airborne disease, which
means it can be contracted by coughing, sneezing, etc. Most people who get this recover between 7–
10 days without any antibiotics but different types of meningitis do have to be treated with
medications.( CDC, 2014) It's important to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anyone can become infected by this by coming into close contact with somebody who already has
viral meningitis. Infection can also occur if the virus is on objects and surfaces then touching your
face. Sometimes these viruses do not produce any symptoms, but if they do it's something similar to
getting the cold or having the flu. Non–polio enterovirus causes 10–15 million infections every year
in the US.(CDC, 2014)
Clinical Manifestation
Some of the earliest signs and symptoms that come with Viral meningitis are having a headache,
having neck stiffness, being sensitive to bright lights, nausea and vomiting, fever, and may even
have trouble sleeping or waking up; those aren't the only ones, some people may even develop a
rash somewhere on their body. These symptoms are very similar to bacterial meningitis except that
the outcome is more severe if not treated. A person who has contracted bacterial meningitis can
people to have serious issues such as brain damage, loss of hearing and even learning disabilities.
People who contract viral meningitis take about a week to 10 days to recover and it usually happens
on it's own.(Cleveland Clinic, 2016) A test to see if you 're suffering from meningitis is called The
tumbler test. What you have to do is place a clear glass tumbler onto your skin firmly against the
rash. If you can see the marks through the glass then it 's suggested to seek medical

The Deadly Hanta Virus Essay
The Deadly Hanta Virus
Hanta virus is a dangerous and often deadly disease that must be guarded against. If proper
precautions are not taken, hanta virus could lead to a nationwide outbreak causing many deaths.
While there are a few cases of hanta virus reported each year, the consequences of coming down
with the disease dictates that the U.S. set up certain safeguards to educate the population on how to
protect themselves. Even though research is being done on hanta virus and its related illnesses, there
persist many unanswered questions. Hanta virus like all other viri are some of the smallest
organisms known to man. Their existence as living organisms is debated. Viri perform only the most
basic functions of life. They seek ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the incubation time of the virus is uncertain. Researchers think that it takes between one
and five weeks after the initial contact with the virus before victims start showing symptoms of the
illness. These early symptoms can vary significantly from person to person. While most people will
feel fatigue, fever and muscle aches in the large muscle groups. Other may also experience chills,
dizziness, and abdominal pains. A week later, infected people will begin to experience coughing and
a shortness of breath as their lungs fill with fluid. It is important to note that most hanta virus
victims became ill even though they did not see rodents or their dropping, and others have had a
large amount of contact with both before they became sick (CDC.gov pg. 1). Because of the wide
variety of symptoms, hanta virus has gone through several different names.
"The common clinical features among the case–patients included a prodromial illness of fever,
chills, and myalgia. The prodrome was followed by dyspnea, cough, throbocytopenia, severe
hemodynamic instability, neutrophilid with immature forms, atypical lymphocytes, elevated serum
levels of lactate dehydrogenase. There was a high mortality rate, approximately eighty percent in the
initial group of patients, the chest x–ray examinations revealed a diffuse, interstitial infiltrate that
resembled that observed in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is a
common pattern in patients

Informative Speech On The Deadly Ebola Virus
Outline
Attention Getter: Do you know about the deadly Ebola virus? Okay, now do you know you can get
it as easily as a hand shake or rubbing your eyes, and in less than 10 days die?
Specific Purpose Statement: To inform my audience of the deadly Ebola virus. How they can
prevent it, how dangerous and serious this virus can be. What to do if they have any symptoms that
can be related to the Ebola virus, treatments etc.
Central Idea: The central idea of this research paper is to inform the people the extreme danger,
especially counties that are most exposed to this virus due to the poor resources and lack of doctors
and medications.
Main Point:
I. What is Ebola virus? Also known as 'Ebola hemorrhagic fever' a virus that can cause death if ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the ways this infection can be spread is by, open wounds, having someone treat your open
wound and not follow the sanitary processes like wearing gloves, making sure they wash their hands
afterwards can get themselves in deep trouble and having themselves infected, and other people they
treated after that open wound. Eyes, someone's tears due to the painful symptoms have someone rub
the tears with a cloth off, and use the same cloth for other various needs. For example: removing
sweat, cleaning themselves after they've urine, or damping the cloth in water to lower fever, and by
that they have already contaminated the water where the next way of infecting yourself is through
the mouth. Blood from any open needle not dispensed properly and had contact with other people is
another way humans get infected. Body fluids such as: urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast
milk, and semen. Feces and vomit can be transmitted by animals, such as bugs and fly's. Breast milk
obviously by breast feeding a baby or anyone consuming the breast milk. Semen is another way
people can get infected through oral, vaginal or anal sex. Object can also help transmit this infection
like needles, by not being dispensed properly and accidently having contact with another human;
and syringes. Also foods, let's remember this infection can also come from some animals; for
example infected

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