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Ethnic Cleansing And Genocide
Despite the 21st century advancements, the world is still plagued with major problems today. Each
country, region and continent is facing its own set of struggles and battles. Whether it is an
economic, political or social issue, there is always an obstruction that a country is striving to
overcome. One of the worldwide issues is ethnic cleansing and genocide. In particular, the South
Sudanese civil war is caused by differing opinions of ethnic groups and is leading to the attempt of
genocide. Despite the several laws under crimes against humanity opposing this practice, it still does
not stop groups from continuing this vile activity. South Sudan is in turmoil due to fighting between
those with ethnic differences, specifically the Dinka and the Nuer. These heinous crimes must be
stopped before the newly developed country, South Sudan, does not have an opportunity to flourish.
This issue has been common throughout history, varying in severity and affected ethnic groups. For
instance, the countries of Central Africa, Germany, Poland, Hungary and Myanmar have all been
affected by this atrocity ("Fear of Genocide in the World's Newest Nation"; Keleman) . Two of the
most globally recognized instances of ethnic cleansing are the Armenian genocide from 1915 to
1920 and the Holocaust from 1933 to 1945. The current South Sudanese Civil War is between the
President of South Sudan, Salva Kiir, and the former Vice President, Riek Machar. The ethnic
groups of the Dinka and Nuer are
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Gruesome Ethnic Cleansing
An engagement in a gruesome ethnic cleansing must be treated as a felony, considering the amount
of fear and indelible scars targeted people had to deal with. Despite the certainty we have for its
badness, we soon face with the difficulty in determining the ways to rule and specify the committed
crime for the punishment. Simply put, Mr. Ruthless's argument that not having signed to the
convention for the ratification justifies his acquittal of the crime of genocide does not make sense at
all.
Not given a single international treaty that defines and specifies the crime of ethnic cleansing, we
should refer to customary law (or treaties codified correspondingly) to rule this criminal. However,
there exists one vital thing we have to consider when
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Prejudice And Ethnic Cleansing
Prejudice: a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Ethnic
Cleansing: an extreme version of acting on prejudices by the mass expulsion or killing of members
of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society. These two phrases have the power to change
the course of history and leave an unimaginable number hurt in its wake. The most well–known
example of prejudice leading to ethnic cleansing is that of Nazi Germany and despite lack of
coverage, has not been the only one. On the contrary, there has been numerous account of prejudice
and ethnic cleansing in more countries including our own, in regards to the Japanese Internment.
Thus, residents of the US cannot express the ideology of "its always them, not us" from the small
information learned in school. In fact, these same phrases are still in effect today with the events
transpiring in Darfur. It is a painful trend of events that one could argue as being part of the human
condition; Yet without proper reflection of ourselves and the world who can say what is true for the
human race.
Take a minute and think about the word Genocide. From this word only, many will provide the
example of Nazi Germany. From 1934 – 1945, the Nazi Party began a hunt for "cleansing" Germany
of the Jews, who were unjustly held responsible for why Germany hit hard times. Furthermore, the
Jews were put into camps and interned for what may have been the rest of their lives. In Photo A,
prisoners of the highly populated
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Informative Essay On Armenian Genocide
Fifteen hundred million people were living in the world between the years 1915 and 1918. 1.5
million of them were killed in the Armenian Genocide. Worldmark Encyclopedia. A large amount of
people are unaware about the Armenian genocide, because it was so close to World War II and the
Holocaust, that it is overlooked by other horrific events in history. The Armenian genocide was the
first genocide in the 20th century. The Armenian genocide had the lowest deaths with 1.5 million
Armenians and one thousand Turkish. There is so much to learn about the history behind the
Armenian genocide.
What is a Genocide? "A Genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national,
racial, political, or cultural group". Dictionary.com. "It is historically the result of one group
attempting to assert control over a country or region." Ethnic Cleansing. A forced deportation or
population transfer is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After Turkey surrendered to the Armenians in 1918, the Turkish leaders fled from their homeland.
The leaders fled to Germany, where they were promised they would not get prosecuted for the
genocide. "However, a group of Armenian nationalists devised a plan, known as Operation Nemesis,
to track down and assassinate the leaders of the genocide." History. Operation Nemesis was the coed
name the Armenians used for the mission to kill the Turkish masterminds of the Armenian
Genocide. The people who was behind this plan where Armen Garo, Aaron Sachaklian and Shahan
Natalie operation nemesis. The Turkish government found out about the Armenians plan and since
then denied that the genocide ever happened. Today, Turkey and Armenia have opened up
international borders. Some Armenians went back to Armenia, but most stayed where they fled to.
The Armenians that went back to Armenia kept Christianity as their main religion. They had to have
new government officials because the Turkish killed all the old
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The Bosnian-Herzegovina Genocide And Ethnic Cleanse
Introduction
The Bosnian–Herzegovina genocide or "ethnic cleansing" went on from April 1992 to December
1995 around the end of the Second World War. When Bosnia became its own independent nation on
April 5th 1922 it wanted to "cleanse" its country of any non Serbian residents. The killing of
Bosnian Muslims during this time was stated by international tribunals to be an ethnic cleansing
however the events that took place in July 1995 in Srebrenica was so horrific it was deemed a
genocide. The United Nations should have intervened a lot sooner than they did and should have
sent more than just peace keepers to protect the human beings that were being slaughtered.
Victims
The victims targeted during the Bosnian–Herzegovina genocide were mostly Bosnian Muslims and
Croatians. The majority of the people that were being murdered and executed were male (boys and
men), while the women were being raped and tortured. The downfall of the Ottoman Empire gave a
rise to the thoughts of nationalism which in turn caused the ethno religious (an ethnic group whose
members are also unified by a common religious background) in Bosnia to have clashing issues like
historical problems between groups and political issues. The three different groups which were
living in Bosnia were obviously Bosnians but also Serbians and Croatians.
According to a demographic study issued in 2005 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the
former Yugoslavia, some 97.1 percent of the 7,661 persons recorded as
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The Ethnic Cleansing Of The United States
The ethnic cleansing of the United States has been a topic of discussion in Germany for more than a
century. Authors like Karl May and James Fenimore Cooper popularized western fiction. Adolf
Hitler discovered May at the time he entered realshule and Cooper at the time he entered
volksschule. After the Munich putsch of 1923, Karl Haushofer taught Hitler of lebensraum, the idea
of Manifest Destiny in the United States transposed to a German–defining East in Poland and
Russia. Inspired by the stories of May and lebensraum, Hitler repeatedly compared Manifest
Destiny in the United States and a German–defining East in Poland and Russia. To what extent did
western fiction influence the political landscape and Hitler's War in East Europe? ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gilbert concludes that Hitler's war in East Europe was inspired by the stories of May and Manifest
Destiny in the United States.
Westermann compares Manifest Destiny in the United States and German lebensraum in Eastern
Europe in Hitler's Ostkrieg and the Indian Wars: Comparing Conquest and Genocide. Westermann is
Professsor of History at Texas A&M University–San Antonio. Hitler's Ostkrieg and the Indian Wars:
Comparing Conquest and Genocide was published in 2016. In it, Westermann highlights similarities
between Manifest Destiny in the United States and Hitler's war in East Europe. Westermann
evaluates the racial stereotypes, the philosophies, the national policies, the military strategies, and
the role of massacre in both Manifest Destiny in the United States and Hitler's war in East Europe.
Westermann concludes that, while Hitler did envision his war in East Europe as Manifest Destiny in
the United States, the two national projects did not share a common goal. Westermann concludes
that Hitler demonstrated his limited understanding of U.S. history in his belief that intent of the U.S.
Army was genocidal. Investigation
Western fiction authors like Karl May and James Fenimore Cooper popularized the theme in
Germany. Adolf Hitler discovered May at the time he entered realshule and Cooper at the time he
entered volksschule. Hitler acknowledge western literature, specifically May, as having had a
significant
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Ethnic Cleansing In The Rohingya
Ethnic cleansing has not been recognized by the United Nations as an independent crime. Although,
it has been recognized as trying to rid one group of people from an area to make the other group
ethnically homogenous. To do this a group can try to promote fear in another group making them
want to leave so they do not feel safe anymore. Some of these acts can include murder, torture, rape,
etc. (Ethnic Cleansing, Un.org) This is exactly what is happening to the Rohingya in Myanmar.
They are being forced to leave their home and escape to neighboring countries because of
persecution by the primarily Buddhist, Myanmar. They are not allowed citizenship, are forced to
relocate, and been attacked by the Myanmar government on several occasions. Recent studies have
shown that over 160,000 Rohingya have fled Myanmar and over 1,000 have been killed, including
innocent men, women, and children. (Myanmar: Who are the Rohingya, aljezzera.com) The
Rohingya have been in Myanmar since 1982 and not only have gotten no recognition but are not
even allowed citizenship. This is turn limits them to having no power or say in Myanmar. The
government made the Rohingya get foreign identity cards. This in turn, angered many of the
Rohingya for their families had been there for generations. Some Rohingya had even served in the
government prior to this. All their rights to go to school, work, travel, etc. were prohibited because
they were not able to be recognized as citizens. The Myanmar
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Humanitarian Intervention In The Holocaust
What does 200,000, 800,000 and 11 million mean to you? Anyone seeing these numbers simply just
sees them as a random group of figures; however, to the victims of former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and
the Holocausts, these are the number of civilian casualties as a result of genocide, or the methodical
massacre of a sizeable group of individuals. Throughout history, there have been several examples
of genocide. In some instances, those affected received aid or a form of intervention, while others
did not. I believe humanitarian intervention is permissible, especially in the cases of Yugoslavia,
Rwanda, and victims of the Holocausts. When it comes to saving innocent lives, protecting human
rights, and preserving the state, humanitarian intervention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
After Josip Broz Tito, the communist president of Yugoslavia, died in 1980, citizens of Yugoslavia
took advantage of attempting to declare their independence (History of Bosnian Genocide). A man
by the name of Slobodan Milosevic soon came into power and further fueled the tension within
Yugoslavia. In 1992, Bosnia, following the footsteps of Croatia and Slovenia for independence, was
home for different ethnic Muslim groups; with in the same year, Serbia declared war on Bosnia in
hopes to claim the land as their own (History of Bosnian Genocide). By using military force and
concentration camps, Serbia was attempting to eradicate this ethnic group using genocide. Just like
the Holocausts, individual rights were being violated and they were being dehumanized. As a result
and stated in our class text, the International Criminal Court (1998) was formed to holding state
leaders accountable for human rights violations. Humanitarian intervention would have been
permissible in this instance because, again, it would save people's lives. "The violent
dismemberment of Yugoslavia has added the term 'ethnic cleansing' to the global vocabulary
(Denich).'" Serbia was trying to completely erase the Bosnian ethnic
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Analysis Of A Fate Worse Than Dying: The Inhumanity Of...
The Inhumanity of Genocides
There are important context about history that many people should be aware of and how they should
acknowledge the results in order to prevent the same error again. Genocides is one of the main
topics in history to talk about because it is a representation of how humans are capable of
suppressing other humans based on their differences. In the book, "'A Fate Worse Than Dying':
Sexual Violence during the Armenian Genocide" by Matthias Bjornlund, she elaborated on the
massacre and extreme violence that the Armenians had gone through under the control of the
Ottoman government in World War I. In the reading "Camp Brothels: Forced Sex Labour in Nazi
Concentration Camps" by Robert Sommer, he talked about the Holocaust ... Show more content on
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In the Nazi concentration camps women that were not Jewish had the opportunity to work as a
prostitute. In the reading, the author says, "When another prisoner asked why she had done it, she
answered: 'Winter is coming and I work in the fields!'24 She knew that she would have never
survived another winter in Auschwitz and preferred forced sex labour to the crematory"(Pg.173)
This shows how women within the concentration camps had to live and the only option they had for
this survival was forced sex labour. This kind of act was tortuous toward these women because the
Nazi soldiers saw them critically vulnerable and observed how they were willing to do anything to
live. Sommer also mention about how both genders were treated inhumanly as possible. Sommer
says, "After surviving these shocks, some prisoners were able to adapt to the reality of the camp
while many others died. In the process of adaptation, reconquering a sexual identity becomes a
major strategy of survival."(Pg.182) What the author meant is that some of the prisoners of the
concentration camps lost grip of reality because of their sexual identity being torn away from them.
Women and men in these concentration camps were stripped off from their sexual identity in order
for them to feel worthless human
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The Bridge Over The Drina
This quote references Bosnia, yet it does not reference the 1992 genocide. In fact, the author of this
quote died decades before General Josep Tito, decades before the first rumblings of the fall
Yugoslavia, and decades before the first atrocity was committed. In his book, Love Thy Neighbor,
Peter Maass includes this quote from Nobel Prize winning Yugoslav author, Ivo Andrić's novel, The
Bridge over the Drina, to reveal how the seemingly peaceful multicultural arrangement between
Muslims and Christians could devolve so quickly into unimaginable horrors. This devolution is no
new event, however. Andrić's passage describes how "there had always been concealed enmities and
jealous and religious intolerance, coarseness and cruelty" yet they were restrained by the sense of
order and relative economic prosperity (Maass 11). Relative economic prosperity is why French
Christians did not commit genocide Algerian Muslims. Economic success is the glue that tentatively
binds together different cultures in Europe. As 20th century Europe has seen before, when the
economy fails and populist leaders are able to take power, "the bonds of civilization turn out to be
surprisingly weak" (Maass 15). We witness the success of multiculturalism within Azouz Begag's
book, The Shantytown Kid. Begag did not have a "silver spoon" childhood, and experienced various
hardships and certainly racism on account of his Algerian heritage; however, despite Begag's
childhood occurring in the wake of the
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Moral Injunctions : Not For Murder Or Steal
Religion has always been bound up with questions of justice and injustice. Across traditions, ethical
injunctions – not to murder or steal, for example – are not simply directed at individuals, but also at
a larger social and political community. Within religious traditions, the just and unjust is usually and
ultimately for a single God or gods to determine; however, from their origins, those traditions have
typically inflected the concept of justice within the context of the family, clan, tribe, or city. With the
rise of the nation state, the context of the problem shifted, but many core principles remain valid. As
states and societies become more integrated through globalization, questions of justice take on a
more transitional dimension. Issues of genocide, ethnic cleansing, corruption, and the oppression of
women and minorities challenge religious communities to rework – and reapply – established
ethical principles in a new global context. Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large group of
people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. The most common, (one of the most
common) yet the most horrifying, displays of social injustices upon religions are genocides. During
the 20th century, there have been many mass murders of people groups. Most were motivated to a
significant degree by religious beliefs. A genocide that had a global effect was Adolf Hitler and the
Nazi's organized extermination of about 11 million people including 6 million
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The Muslim Genocide that Took Place in Europe
Genocide Research Paper "I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure
suffering and humiliation. We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the
victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented"(Wiesel). Just like Elie Wiesel
mentioned, one must never remain silent when such atrocities are occurring. Although there may be
times where one feels powerless to injustices there should never be a time where one fails to protest.
Silence is the reason for the moral crimes that have happened in history and are still going on to this
day. Genocides have always happened because of silence. Just like Elie Wiesel questioned God's
silence in Night, he also questioned the world's silence. The silence that caused the annihilation of
many human beings and forever changed history. According to dictionary.com, a genocide is the
deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. As
previously mentioned, genocides occur from the silence of the people, racism, and fear. The belief of
superiority of one's own race is the beginning of a genocide. Hatred towards the Muslims caused the
beginning of a new extermination. The Muslim genocide took place in Europe, Bosnia–Herzegovina
from 1992 until 1995. Since the beginning of Bosnia, Muslims have always been the majority in the
population. Bosnia was created after the break–up of Yugoslavia, which included the religious
groups of Serbs, Croats, and
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What Is The Primary Underlying Cause Of The Armenian...
I. The primary underlying cause of the Armenian genocide derived from the decline of the Ottoman
Empire towards the end of the 19th century, and was based on land dispute, religion, and ultra–
nationalism. "One of the main factors that led to the Armenian genocide is to be found in the mental
conditions and characteristics of Turkish National identity" (Akçam, 2004, 59). The Armenians have
claimed their home in the southern Caucasus since 7th Century BCE. Throughout many centuries,
the Mongol, Persian, Russian, and Ottoman empires have fought over this region. Due to the
Armenians lack of unity and strength, they could not claim their lands any longer. They were weak
in relation to their conflicting neighbors, and were often deported from the very lands they first lived
in. Constant deportations over history eventually led them to many different parts of the world,
forming what is the Armenian diaspora. Ever since the 4th Century CE, the Armenian state claimed
Christianity as their official religion. Even after Islam was founded in the 7th century CE and
became the state religion in all of the countries surrounding Armenia, the Armenians still held onto
the Christian faith. Since Christianity was a religious minority at the time, Armenians were viewed
as "infidels", and were disposed to unjust treatment as a result. They experienced hardship, religious
persecution, discrimination, and abuse. Armenians began to pay higher taxes and had very few
political and legal
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Causes Of Crimes Against Humanity Essay
We know crimes against humanity as a deliberate criminal act or acts that are typically part of a
systematic campaign which causes human suffering or death on a large scale. The acts are an attack
on human dignity where the crimes can be committed during times of war and peace. Offences that
come under this category include murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation or forcible
transfer of a population, imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty, torture, sexual
violence, persecution against any identifiable group or collective, enforced disappearance of persons
and other inhumane acts of a similar character and gravity1,2,3.
I have decided to examine sexual violence and in particular the motivations behind such crimes that
constitute as sexual violence; this encompasses crimes such as rape, sexual slavery, enforced
prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of
comparable gravity1,2,3,. In particular I am going to examine sexual violence in reference to the
conflict in former Yugoslavia, known as the Bosnian war.
The Bosnian War of 1992–1995 was a major conflict that was seen to be politically and racially
motivated between the Serbian's, Croatian's and Bosnian's. During this time the Serbian's were
participating in an illegal conflict by being in violation of the Geneva conventions, customary laws,
as well as committing odious offences that we know as crimes against humanity4.
It hasn't been overtly
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Ethnic Groups Ww1
Western stated that, "The brutal ethnic cleansing carried out during the war was never completed,
and many villages still contain pockets of minority ethnic groups." Since the ethnic cleansing was
never finished, the Muslims that still existed and became a minority ethnic group. They could not be
mixed into the population to create a diverse society unless the government passed laws allowing
them to be or if the superior ethnic groups accepted them into their society. The violence used
during the war destroyed the hopes for making Bosnia diverse. As verified by Black, "Although
Bosnian Serbs, Bosnian Croats, and Bosnian Muslims had been able to live together for decades, the
bloodshed of the 1990s nearly destroyed hopes for a multiethnic Bosnia." ... Show more content on
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Bosnia was still trying to create a multiethnic state, but the political institutions already supported
ethnic partition in the government. As asserted by McMahon and Western, "Although Bosnia
professes to seek the creation of a unified multi ethnic state, its political institutions support ethnic
partition at every level of government." The politicians of Bosnia wanted the government to be
diverse on all levels, but they were still trying to create a diverse society at the same time. Ethnic
partition in the government was also supported by the nationalist parties in Bosnia. As advocated by
Black, "The elections were held without violence, but the results were a victory for the nationalist
parties who wanted to maintain the ethnic partition of the country." The result of the election was a
new three person presidency with each president from a different ethnic group. The nationalist
parties saw this as a victory because they supported ethnic partition in the government. Although
people in Bosnia supported a diverse government, the country was still broken. Dahlman and
Tuathail described that, "Without cooperation from the local authorities to reverse the wartime
property laws, returnees to other areas could not re–establish possession over their
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How Did The Armenian Genocide Affect Society
The Armenian Genocide was a planned murder of the Armenians, due to the ethnic differences
between the Turks and the Armenians, which was spurred by the rising atrocities due to a suspicion
that the Armenians were not faithful to the Ottoman Turks. A rising question around this research
was – to what extent did the Armenian Genocide affect the religious, political, economic, and social
aspects of society? The Armenian Genocide resulted in discrimination against the Christian
Armenians through separating the Armenians from the Ottoman Turks, granting less rights for the
Armenians in fear that the Armenians would abuse their power as they were viewed as very
untrustworthy, and for this reason the Armenians had less wealth and power than the Ottoman Turks.
Another major reason for the genocide was the desire of the Ottomans in creating a homogenous
Turkish state.
I chose this topic because I am genuinely interested about how discrimination has affected
populations and what effect that has had on both populations– the one being discriminated and the
one discriminating. The Armenian Genocide was the mass–massacre of Armenians by a group of
reformers that took power in 1908, known as the "Young Turks" (Vahagn 797). These reformers
believed that the Armenians posed a threat to Turkey, especially during World War I. Due to this, the
Armenians were discriminated against before the genocide, as the "Christian Armenians were
thought to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Kasbarian and Kerem, the political factors that pushed the Turkish government to
perpetuate the Armenian genocide, was that the Young Turks "organized genocides of minorities for
political gains" (Kasbarian and Kerem 115). The Young Turks organized massacres and made
attempts to exterminate minority populations for political gains. As the Christian Armenians lost
power in the Turkish political system, the Turks obtained a much higher status than the
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Gendercide In The Bosnia-Herzegovina Genocide
Genocide has been around for ages, and usually occurs during a military conflict. When people think
of genocide, they think of the annihilation of a race, religion, or class including all members of the
group. Killing all the people in a family was considered the root and branch method. This was used
to assure that no other generations could come in the future. This is not the case for all genocides. In
the Bosnia–Herzegovina genocide, battle–aged men were murdered while the women were taken as
sex slaves. This is still considered genocide because the Serbs, killing all males who were Muslim or
Croats, would make it impossible for them to continue to reproduce and continue their ethnic group.
Also, enslaving all women as sex slaves is still ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gendercide is the targeting of one gender in genocide, and in this case it is directed towards the
males. Rape is a weapon used in history, and by the Serbs, to humiliate and destroy the lives of
women and their culture. The Serbs used it to make the women never want to come back to their
homeland. Killing the men and enslaving the women is to prevent the next generation of Muslims
and Croats. The killing had started due to the breaking up of Yugoslavia, which was filled with
mixing ethnic groups, and religions in many of their cities. "They would kill the male children to
make sure they could not plot revenge, or to reproduce" (Jones 465). The males were targeted for
killings because they were seen as a military threat, unlike the women. The Serb's goal was the
ethnic cleansing of Bosnia–Herzegovina, and the incorporate it into greater Serbia. Their strategy
was to terrorize the non–Serb population into fleeing, to murder Muslim and Croat men, and then to
deport the remaining population. The killings and the rapes were done by Serbian men. Some
willing and others unwilling. Some Serbs were approached by soldiers and told they must
participate and help with the cleansing. "Men working at the rape camps would sometimes
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Human Rights Within The World
"Behind every exquisite thing that existed, there was something tragic"–Oscar Wilde. Everything
good in the world has a definitive start that sprouts from inequalities, oppression, and a need for
fairness. With this in mind, things such as human rights are dated back to violent history. Nazi
Germany arguably sparked an interest in human rights as their "good triumphed through the acts of a
selfless few or out of the depths of evil". Human rights refer to the laws, acts and policies initiated in
order to protect vulnerable, oppressed people in the world and allow them to possibly thrive in this
world. Although women, sexual minorities, and racialized minorities all play a significant role in the
development of human rights–racialized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Genocide, under the article II of the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the
Crime of Genocide, alludes the concept of an eradication of a particular group of people–mainly
minority groups–that includes the murder, dealing bodily harm to members of that group, and
forcing the group to live under certain conditions. To begin, the First World ware demonstrates a
fragile state when violations of human rights occurred during the mass murder of Armenians in
1915–16. During these grim times, the Ottoman empire was shrinking and their opposition to Russia
failed–this caused the blame to shift to Armenians who were suspected of "being pro–Russia". The
Armenian intellectuals were forcibly executed, causing many to later be sent off to die in labour
camps or on death marches to concentration camps. The tragedy occurred during a time where
human rights were not highly regarded and the immense lack of these basic rights caused many to
be hurt. Moreover, the one of the most detrimental events to occur was the existence of Nazi
Germany and the genocide against Jews during World War II. An evident relationship has been
illuminated by Diner who states that the Holocaust is a part of European identity that forges a
connection between the tragedy and increased means to protect humanity. International law on these
bare necessities humans have rights to indicates how crucial it was to prevent upcoming
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The Genocide Of Rohingya Muslims
Myanmar is trying to exterminate the Rohingya Muslims and innocent people are being punished.
The government/militaries are raping women, slaughtering men and children, and burning down
homes. The government is murdering children who don't even know what their crime is. This is all
happening because the Muslims are staying loyal to their faith and not giving it up. Myanmar is
going through genocide which is when a small group of people are being killed by a larger group of
people for their religion, race, and ethnicity.The conflict in Burma is a genocide because groups of
Rohingya Muslims are being targeted, this is targeting a religion, and the Muslims are thought of as
criminals who deserve to be punished. First and foremost, the Rohingya ... Show more content on
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The government treats the Rohingya Muslims like criminals and they are not shown any respect. If
the government treats the Rohingya Muslims in a horrible way that means that, "They face
widespread discrimination and mistreatment." (BBC.com) "mistreatment" proves that the
government's conduct towards the Muslims is not well. Another quote that shows how the Muslims
are thought of as, "In the open letter, the group said the government crackdown on the population
amounted to "ethnic cleansing". (BBC.com) This shows that the government thinks they are "ethnic
cleansing" and that is a good thing. However, they don't realize that what they are doing is wrong
and that they are punishing innocent people. Also, the words "ethnic cleansing" shows how the
religion of Islam gets no respect and the government wants to get rid of anyone if has faith in the
religion. Also, the government is denying the Rohingya Muslims citizenship, "The estimated one
million Muslim Rohingya are seen by many in mainly Buddhist Myanmar as illegal migrants from
Bangladesh. They are denied citizenship by the government despite tracing their ancestry back
generations." (BBC.com) The Government decided that the Rohingya Muslims are illegal
immigrants, however, the evidence is against them. "Despite tracing their ancestry back generations"
The Muslims can even prove that they belong there because their ancestors have been living there
for generations. Rohingya Muslims aren't even given basic rights and are being maltreated for
something they haven't
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Ilan Pappe's Definition Of Ethnic Cleansing
Israel successfully fought off the pan–Arab army while other Israeli combatants terrorized and
depopulated the countryside. Ilan Pappe termed the depopulation of Palestinians as "ethnic
cleansing" but can this phrase be properly used when discussing the events of 1947–1948? To
answer this question one must determine if there is a well–established definition of the phrase
'ethnic cleansing' and also establish that this was the intent of the Zionists, both initially and
subsequently. This can be determined by examining Zionist policy and action previous to the U.N
partition plan and after, which will demonstrate that the term is appropriately applied to the situation
by Pappe.
The United Nations defines ethnic cleansing as; "The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first English use of the phrase was used by Donald Forbes, a Reuters reporter, who was quoting
Croatia's Supreme Council: "The aim of this expulsion is obviously the ethnic cleansing of the
critical areas . . . to be annexed to Serbia" (New York Times). The phrase is used later to define
events in Serbia where Slobodan Milosevic, known as the Butcher of the Balkans, would level
cities, mass murder, and rape the local populations of Croatians which created 2 million refugees
(CNN). Again, the tactics are all too similar to those used by Israel to drive out the Arab peoples.
Moreover, the term is used today describe most cases of expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of an
ethnic minority by a dominant majority. It doesn't matter what definition you use or what other
historical examples you use to define the phrase because it doesn't change the main purpose of
Pappe's book, which is, to demonstrate that the Arabs were forcibly removed from Palestine using
violent and non–violent means (Pappe 2). Pappe documents the events that led to the mass expulsion
of Palestinians from their lands, beginning with the Zionist vision from the partition plan, forward.
Also, Pappe uses oral history to fill the gaps in the Palestinians narrative, along with military
archives, and Ben–Gurion's diary. The Jewish National Fund contained files that were used to
systematically eliminate Arab villages, and Plan D provides the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Critical Speech In Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel
Romanian–born American Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust
survivor, Elie Wiesel in his critical speech, "Perils of Indifference," maintains the idea that
indifference is inhumane. He supports his claim by using his personal experience in the Holocaust.
Additionally, it states in paragraph 9 that "They were dead and did not know it." emphasizes how
indifference has made the "Muselmann" completely unaware of their fate. Further, it states in
paragraph 8 that "Indifference can be tempting... troublesome... and can make our lives
meaningless." Wiesel's purpose is to warn the people that change is needed in order to encourage the
people to make a change in the world for the better so something as tragic and devastating like the
Holocaust never happens again. He establishes a critical tone for readers by using stylistic devices
and rhetorical devices such as imagery, contemplative questions,and word choice in order to achieve
his message that indifference is inhumane. Wiesel's message about the inhumanity of indifference
and the importance of resistance is still relevant today. Unfortunately, although Elie Wiesel and
much of the world hoped nothing like the Holocaust would ever happen again, there have been other
cases of genocide later after the Holocaust. For example, in the year 1991, the "The Bosnian War
and Srebrenica Genocide" took place ("The Bosnian War"). In 1991, "Yugoslavia began to break up
along ethnic lines," causing a surge of ethnic groups trying to seize the power in government ("The
Bosnian War"). When the republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared their independence in 1992
the region quickly became the center of the fighting. In the article "The Bosnian War and Srebrenica
Genocide" the "Serbs" were a group who rapidly rose to power by taking up "90 percent" of the
military, and by also oppressing any other ethnic group that to them "posed a threat to their rights"
In addition the article "The Bosnian War and Srebrenica Genocide" it states that the height of the
killing took place in July 1995. When 8,000 Bosniaks were killed in what became known as the
Srebrenica genocide, the largest massacre in Europe." Despite, all the mass killings, most of the
world
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Ethnic Cleansing in Sudan Essay
Ethnic Cleansing in Sudan
The government of Sudan is responsible for 'ethnic cleansing' and crimes against humanity in
Darfur, which is located on Sudan's western border with Chad (. The Sudanese government, along
with the Arab 'Janjaweed' militias they arm and support, have attacked the civilians of the African
Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups. These attacks involved massacres, summary executions of
civilians, burnings of towns and villages, and the forceful depopulation of Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa
land. The militia, Muslim like the African groups, have destroyed many religious artifacts including
the desecrated Qorans that belong to their enemies (Human Rights Watch, 2004, p. 5).
The Sudanese government is breaching at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The outcomes of this mission will not be known for a period of time but it is reported on the 17th of
May ?a WFP hired truck driver was robbed, beaten and subsequently hospitalized? (UN estimates?,
2004, para. 6) and ?internally displaced persons (IDPs) who accept food aid (from WFP) were
subject to Janjaweed militia predatory attacks?. (UN estimates?, 2004, para. 9) Although expected,
these actions show that there is still a long way to go before there is peace.
An immediate ceasefire between the two groups would prevent any further breaches of Article 3 of
the UDHR. The Sudanese government and Janjaweed militia must stop the ethnic cleansing in
Darfur. The UN mission stationed there must then assess the safety of the civilians. If civilian safety
is at risk, UN member states should look into providing military assistance.
The Janjaweed militia must be stopped for there to be an end to breaches of Article 5 of the UDHR.
There are one million IDPs in various camps and settlements in Darfur and most are partly
controlled by the Janjaweed (UN estimates?, 2004, para. 3). If the Janjaweed are still armed and
dangerous – the civilians at these camps will still be abused. There are two ways the Janjaweed can
be stopped: by overwhelming them militaristically or cutting the Sudanese government funding and
support. The latter option would probably result in the fewest loss of lives. This option, however,
would only work if both the UN and the people of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Bosnian Genocide Research Paper
The Bosnian Genocide was the worst act of mass killings since the Nazis destruction of 6 million
Jews. It resulted in a 100,000 deaths of both mostly Bosniak Muslims and Croatians. The horrific
events that took place in Bosnia are currently shown in the Middle East today through
dehumanization, nationalism and imperialism. These factors are what make the Bosnian Genocide
recurrent for Muslims in history.
During the ethnic cleansing of Muslims from 1992–1995, thousands of innocent muslims were
targeted because of who they were and what they believed in. Bosniaks were beaten, raped and
eventually murdered. The survivors of the Bosnian Genocide are key witnesses to explaining the
saddening treatment they had to endure."They were "playing with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Former president Josep Broz Tito held Yugoslavia together and was able to extinguish the
nationalism growing in many republics. His death however reopened the wound and let the
nationalism of the Serbs become existent. The serb forces ideology for a "Greater Serbia" was the
very motive that sparked the 3 year long civil war. For starters the Serb forces showed much
nationalism by joining up in a group of 16 Serb Political members and writing the Memorandum of
the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. For them, is was supposedly to support a solution of
Yugoslav unity but instead focused depently on disapproving president Tito's ways. In fact in 1987,
the president of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, was openly supportive of the document and was even
the spokes person for it. He envisioned and introduce a nationalist motto of "strong Serbia, strong
Yugoslavia". This nationalism alone from a president was the spark of all nationalism thereafter. It
was a sense of unity for serbians and made them more superior than other ethnicities due to that fact
that the president was so open about it. This gave him justification by using text to support his
beliefs and ideas. This is comparative to the middle east by Al–Qaeda and ISIS. The middle east as
well uses documents and books to justify and spread what they are doing. They use the Quran, a
holy book, as justification for the strong hate for others and strong nationalism for their country.
They use versus such as "I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore strike
off their heads and strike off every fingertip of them."Quran (8:12). Yet interpret these verses in such
a misleading way as the Serbs did with the document. Serbs wanted a "Serbian land" while Isis
wants a pan–arab land and in both cases these books were the start for the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Ethnic Cleansing In The United States
African Americans are heavily distributed in the Southeast portion of the United States. From
Louisiana to Virginia, there are a lot of areas with 25% or above. The main reason for the
concentration in the South is due to the slave trade of colonial times. African Slaves were brought
over to work for the colonials. And most of the slaves were bought to assist cotton plantation
owners, who live solely in the south due to the temperance of their crop. And once the slaves were
freed, many of them stayed to farm as sharecroppers, and stayed in the south to make permanent
homes. On a smaller scale, the only concentration of African Americans of 5%–24.9% in Minnesota
is in the Minneapolis Area. This is because after slaves were freed, the United States went through
an industrial revolution, and many workers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One example of an ethnic cleansing in the 20th century is the Balkans, the area around former
Yugoslavia. When Yugoslavia, a united nation of several states, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia and
Serbia among others broke apart, Bosnia & Herzegovina was split between ethnicities. The Serbs
and Croats began an ethnic cleansing against the Muslims to try to create an ethnically unified state.
They attacked and removed many Bosnian Muslims, and displaced more than 2 million. Another
example of an ethnic cleansing is the genocide, (a mass killing due to an ethnic cleansing) attempted
in Sudan. With two significantly different ethnic groups, the Northern Arabs sought to control the
Southern Africans, and the Government–Dominating Arabs began to invade, bomb, raid and burn
villages in Sudan. The nomadic Arabs knows as the Janjaweed as began to fight with government
funding, raiding villages. The war ended with two separate countries being formed, Sudan and South
Sudan, but not without many deaths and other atrocious war crimes
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Ethnic Cleansing In The United States
Ethnicity is defined as an ethnic group; a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture,
religion, or language. There can be many different ethnic groups in each country. In China alone
there are 56 recognized ethnic groups. In the United States there are six recognized ethnic groups.
They are White American, Black or African American, Alaska Native or Native American, Native
Hawaiian, Asian American, or people of two or more races. The US census also groups Americans
into the category of "Hispanic or Latino" or "Not Hispanic or Latino". Ethnicities are located in
different places depending on many factors, such as geography. For example, there is a high
population of Hispanics from Mexico in the southwestern part of the country. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Ethnic cleansing is defined as the systematic removal of ethnic or religious groups from a given
territory by a more powerful ethnic group, with the intent of making it ethnically homogenous. This
basically means, one ethnic groups removes another group to make a certain place's population just
their ethnic group. Ethnic cleansing can be carried out in many ways, such as forced migration,
intimidation, and mass murder. One of the most cruel and widespread examples of this was the
Holocaust. It was portrayed in the book "The Diary of Anne Frank". In 1933, a man named Adolf
Hitler was elected as chancellor of Germany. Germany was angry and embarrassed from WW1, and
they wanted someone to blame. Hitler gave them someone, the jews. He blamed them for Germany's
defeat. The Franks' are the main focus of the book "The Diary of Anne Frank". After Hitler was
elected the Franks' started to notice the anger and hatred around them, so they fled to Amsterdam. In
1940, Germany invaded The Netherlands and they began to place restrictions on the jews. Anne
Frank and her sister had to switch to an all jewish school, they had to wear stars on their clothes, and
they weren't allowed in certain places. In 1942 Anne's sister received a call up notice to be relocated
to a work camp. Her father then decide it was time to tell them about their hiding place. They left
their house a mess and left a note about leaving for Switzerland to throw the authorities off. They
moved into the attic of Otto Frank's office building. They were joined by a few others shorty after.
During her time there, Anne kept a very detailed diary about her daily life and her thoughts. They
lived there for two years until August 4, 1944 the German police stormed the building and found
them from an anonymous tip. The family was then sent to a concentration camp called Auschwitz.
The men and women were separated and those who were too young or
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The History Of Genocides And Ethnic Cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is defined as, " the systematic deliberate removal of ethnic or religious groups from
a given territory with the intent of making it ethnically homogenous." Genocide is defined as, " the
deliberate killing of a large group of people especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation."
Developed nations should take the responsibility of intervening in nations practising these crimes
against humanity, because millions of lives have been lost due to the conflicts that their countries are
facing, and we have the resources to intervene in a nation facing a crisis before it is escalated into a
genocide. Genocides and ethnic cleansing has been an ongoing issue responsible for the destruction
of many human lives in developing nations. The Rwandan genocide in 1994 was the quickest
massacre killing 800,000 people in 100 days. The death of the president was a trigger for the
genocide. Rwandan president, Juvenal Habyarimana who was a Hutu was killed when his plane was
shot down outside of the country's capital Kigali. The Hutus automatically held the Tutsis
responsible for the murder. Following the death of the president the Hutu rebels filled the capital
while taking control of the streets. Tutsis and anyone who was suspected to have ties with Tutsis
were slaughtered. With no government control the Hutus were able to take control of the whole
country. The goal of the Hutu extremists was to become the majority power in the nation and in
order to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Bosnian Genocide Research Paper
Genocide is the systematic annihilation of a group ("Bosnia"). Many have lost their entire families,
including children, belongings, and opportunities. The Bosnian genocide is a tragic event that led to
the death of 8,000 men and boys. Bosnia's current population is 3.8 million with a 48 percent of
Bosnian muslims, 14 percent of Croats, and a 37 percent of Serbs. Those responsible for the
genocide focused on what they deemed as "ethnic cleansing". It is important to share this horrific
event with the world, so it does not happen again, as it has occured in so many other nations.
Beginning on July, 13 1992 the Bosnian genocide started. Bosnia's previous leader, Josip Broz, had
control over the country. He made sure everything was in place, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Concentration camps took the lives of approximately 10,000 people. Many women were being taken
to the camp to be raped and tortured for weeks and sometimes months until they became pregnant.
An estimated total of 20,000 rapes happened between 1992–1995. Reports of rape and mass killings
had slowly been communicated to the world. The pictures and videos of what was going on
definitely got the world's attention. The U.S. government was shown all the proof of what had been
going on yet they still chose to do nothing. Soon after the UN established six safe areas. These safe
areas were to be protected with international peacekeepers. These peacekeepers had very few
weapons and could only fire when it involved self defense. Sadly they were highly ineffective. One
of the UN safe areas, Srebrenica, soon began to fall. With that, the Croatians and Bosniaks joined
powers to move Serbian forces away from the Krajina region. With the Croatians and Bosniaks
powers combined, they were able to push out Serb forces, along with 200,000 civilians, out of
Krajina and into other Serb dominated areas. It created one of the biggest refugee populations in
Europe ("Bosnia and Herzegovina"). The defeat of Bosnian Serbs forces soon made people realize
they need to make changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as soon as
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Holocaust Migration Research Paper
Migration: Communist Cleanse
World War II: Yet another instance of mass relocation and genocide of an ethnic group. But what
about after the Holocaust? In December 1944, Prime Minister Winston Churchill stood on the
world's stage and announced the largest forced population transfer in human history–– the "ethnic
cleansing" of post–war Germany (Douglas). Up until the 1970's or so, resources written in English
on this particular involuntary migration were nonexistent; even in Europe, the subject is considered
taboo.
British, American, and Russian governments officialized the controversial decision to expel between
12–15 million Germans from both their homeland and surrounding countries at the Potsdam
Conference in 1945. The allied nations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most began championing right–wing politics, which "value tradition... survival of the fittest, and...
economic freedom" (Nicklin). Others began working peacefully towards the reconstruction of post–
war Germany and recognizing those displaced all around Europe (specifically Poland). At about the
same time the Cold War was getting cold, an increasing number of German expellees began to speak
up about their "forgotten holocaust." Many created organizations that demanded compensation for
their suffering, especially in West Germany. Still, the Allies kept the discussions to a mum; some
(such as Czechoslovakia) continued to justify the cleansing as a fit punishment for Nazi crimes and
refused to acknowledge the atrocity as anything more. After the fall of the U.S.S.R. and the
reconciliation of East and West Germany, the subject became a slightly more open topic. After the
Nuremberg Trials in 1945 concluded that forced immigration was a crime against humanity, the
issue could no longer be ignored... or so it seemed. Today ethnic cleansing is considered a crime
against international law, although some consider the forced expulsion of Germans after WWII to
have been a legal procedure at the time (seeing as such crimes were not addressed by the UN
Declaration of Human Rights nor the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950). The
expulsion continues to make appearances in modern politics, especially in Europe; for instance, a
declaration in 1997 by the Czech Republic has "effectively closed" the topic and attempted to
restrict legal claims made by German descendants ("Germans Expelled"). Still, these immigrants,
along with their children, continue to try and demand the property confiscated from them during the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Ethnic Cleansing In America
When you think of Muslims what do you think of? Do you think of ISIS, do you think of president
Trump, or do you think of ethnic cleansing? When most people think of Muslims in America it is
usually tied to something negative but in this story the Muslims are the ones who are getting
persecuted by nationalist Buddhists. The Rohingyas are a Muslim ethnic group that are currently
experiencing ethnic cleansing because they are not considered citizens in the country they have been
living in for decades.
The Rohingya are a group of Muslims that live in the Rakhine state in Myanmar. They originate
from Bangladesh. One reason they left Bangladesh and came to Myanmar is because the British who
ruled Myanmar at the time said that they wanted migrant
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Genocide In Bosnia Research Paper
Genocide In Bosnia The Genocide in Bosnia was the outcome of misleadership and late intervention
by the world. The Bosnian conflict was a war that led to the death of over 100,000 soldiers and
civilians(War Crime). The war consisted consisted of two sides: the Bosnian–Serbs and the
Bosnian–Croats. The conflict was handled improperly. It even came close to home as one american
soldier was stranded in Bosnia in the middle of the war witnessing all that the UN and the
government of the Bosnian–Serbs would pronounce to be false. "Genocide means any of the
following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or
religious group(US Holocaust Museum)".The Bosnian war is a pure example of Genocide. In 1995
the Bosnian–Serbs massacred the town of Srebrenica. Eight–thousand Muslim Men and boys died
while the women were raped and then slaughtered(War crime). Civilian killings were directed
toward Muslims and in 1971 the Muslim ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
History.com says these countries were forged as one after WW2. But power and leadership was an
issue; and in the mid 1980's Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic began creating differences between
the countries. Then In 1991 Slovenia, Croatia, and Macedonia all declared Independence. Then in
1992 Bosnia declared Independence. War broke out in Croatia and Bosnia. The sides were the
Bosnian–Croats against the Bosnian–Serbs. With the backing of Serbian leader Milosevic and the
Yugoslavian army, the general of the Bosnian–Serbs Ratko Mladic overwhelmed the Bosnian–
Croats at Sarajevo(capital of Bosnia)and gained control. Throughout 1992 the Bosnian Serbs would
conquer three quarters of Bosnia. Within the land they conquered, Srebrenica suffered the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Eight Stages Of Armenian Genocide
Throughout history terrible actions and commands were executed, some of these acts were
genocides. Genocide is the deliberate killing of a certain people according to their ethnic, racial or
religious groups. Genocides have occurred within different areas of the world and at different
periods of time. Most genocides have a different history behind it and are executed differently.
Armenia and Bosnia are two areas of the world in which a genocide has taken place.
The religious and cultural differences within the Ottoman Empire caused most of the conflicts that
occurred. Armenia made Christianity its official religion in 4th century A.D and it became part of
the Ottoman Empire, a mainly Muslim region, in the 15th century. Similar to the majority ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first stage is classification. There were many different ethnic groups in Yugslavia, however
Bosnian Serbs distinguished themselves as greater and superior to all non Serbs. They belived in the
idea of Greater Serbia. The second stage of genocide is known as symbolization. Bosnian Muslims
were known as Bosniaks and Croatians were seen as inferior. People were forced to wear a crescent
moon with a star which would be used to easily identify their religion. People would see that people
were wearing this symbol and immediately belittle them and treat them differently. The third stage
of genocide is dehumanization. Bosniaks and Croats were considered "Aliens." It made them seem
less than human and inferior to the rest of the inhabitants of Yugoslavia. Bosniaks and Croats were
portrayed as evil, harmful, rude and angry. The fourth stage is organization. Ethnic Cleansings were
sent out to regions of Bosnia because it contained the most Bosniaks and Croats. The main goals of
this ethnic cleansing was to push the Non–Serbs out of Bosnia with the use of murder, rape and
torture. Concentration camps were also builts and armies were trained to attack them. The fifth stage
of Genocide is polarization. Any communication or interaction that was done between Serbs and
non Serbs was prohibited. Intermarriage between Serbs and Non–Serbs was forbidden by new laws.
The sixth stage is preparation. The Serbs
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Circumplex Model : Ethnic Cleansing And Genocide
The circumplex model helps to explain ethnic cleansing and genocides, for example, when social
groups have high levels of cohesion and low levels of flexibility as this indicates, according to the
model, problems in society. Furthermore, this is supported by the Rwandan genocide example as
well as that of the ethnic cleansing by the Serbs against the Bosniaks an under the leadership of
Slobodan Milosevic. The Hutus and Serbs ultimately banded there groups together as a collective
force, although arguably some were coerced to join, to remove the Tutsi and Bosniak groups either
from existence, in the Rwandan case or from an area, in the case of the Bosnians. The groups were
dependant on one another in the sense that they needed everyone's cooperation in order for the
ethnic cleansing or genocide to occur and make a significant impact. Following on from this, there
were those of the Hutu tribe who opposed the genocide and paid the price of death alongside the
Tutsi, which shows that when a member of the group is not accepting of the collective behaviours
they are punished as stated in the circumplex model. Moreover, we can see that due to the spread of
discontent and somewhat force by the leaders, there was an authoritarian style leadership, social
control over the population and an the implementation of a thinking pattern, which in the Rwandan
genocide case was to "wake up, eat, meet and kill" and in Serbs case, Milosevic implemented the
process of wanting to remove the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Examples Of Ethnic Cleansing In The Rohingya
Introduction To the Myanmar government, the Rohingya are the enemy. Since the 1970's, the
military has raped, murdered, tortured, and burned alive Rohingya people living in the Rakhine
State (Ekin, 2017). In 1982, the Burma Citizenship Law proclaimed the Rohingya as stateless,
which, in the words of human rights consultant and research associate in the Centre for Asian Legal
Studies Katherine Southwick, has "been used to rationalize various forms of marginalization and the
denial of rights, services, and identity" (2015, p. 142). With years worth of accounts of Rohingya
persecution, the crisis in Myanmar demands condemnation and interference. Only on September 11,
2017, did the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra'ad ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
expressed in the plaintive, 'for how long will you make us eaten by insects?'" (2011, p. 233). The
view of Rohingya as concomitant to insects is a clear representation of the dehumanization they
suffer through on a daily basis. In consequence of the Myanmar ethnic cleansing, the
dehumanization has worsened to the point of denying the Rohingya's existence altogether, as of that
by the Burmese government, who refuses to acknowledge them as a separate ethnic group and
insists on their identification as Bengalis. To exemplify, one officer for the security ministry of the
Rakhine State, U Kyaw San Hla, told New York Times reporter Hannah Beech "There is no such
thing as Rohingya...It is fake news" (2017). Members of the government, however, are not the only
Myanmarese citizens to deny Rohingya existence; Beech additionally found that "In the bazaar [in
Sittwe] recently, every Rakhine resident [she] talked to claimed, falsely, that no Muslims had ever
owned shops there" (2017). In analyzing the effects of oppressive commentary about the Rohingya,
it is evident that the more the existence of the Rohingya is denied and the more they are
dehumanized, the less their human rights are respected.
Military Violence The tarnished status of the Rohingya – a cause of their dehumanization – has
allowed for military troops to carry out unbridled, vicious acts against the stateless ethnic group.
Because the Rohingya are viewed as a disgraced people, they have been left without an
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Holocaust Migration Research Paper
Migration: Communist Cleanse
World War II: Yet another instance of mass relocation and genocide of an ethnic group. But what
about after the Holocaust? In December 1944, Prime Minister Winston Churchill stood on the
world's stage and announced the largest forced population transfer in human history–– the "ethnic
cleansing" of post–war Germany (Douglas). Up until the 1970's or so, resources written in English
on this particular involuntary migration were nonexistent; even in Europe, the subject is considered
taboo.
British, American, and Russian governments officialized the controversial decision to expel between
12–15 million Germans from both their homeland and surrounding countries at the Potsdam
Conference in 1945. The allied nations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most began championing right–wing politics, which "value tradition... survival of the fittest, and...
economic freedom" (Nicklin). Others began working peacefully towards the reconstruction of post–
war Germany and recognizing those displaced all around Europe (specifically Poland). At about the
same time the Cold War was getting cold, an increasing number of German expellees began to speak
up about their "forgotten holocaust." Many created organizations that demanded compensation for
their suffering, especially in West Germany. Still, the Allies kept the discussions to a mum; some
(such as Czechoslovakia) continued to justify the cleansing as a fit punishment for Nazi crimes and
refused to acknowledge the atrocity as anything more. After the fall of the U.S.S.R. and the
reconciliation of East and West Germany, the subject became a slightly more open topic. After the
Nuremberg Trials in 1945 concluded that forced immigration was a crime against humanity, the
issue could no longer be ignored... or so it seemed. Today ethnic cleansing is considered a crime
against international law, although some consider the forced expulsion of Germans after WWII to
have been a legal procedure at the time (seeing as such crimes were not addressed by the UN
Declaration of Human Rights nor the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950). The
expulsion continues to make appearances in modern politics, especially in Europe; for instance, a
declaration in 1997 by the Czech Republic has "effectively closed" the topic and attempted to
restrict legal claims made by German descendants ("Germans Expelled"). Still, these immigrants,
along with their children, continue to try and demand the property confiscated from them during the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Genocide And Ethnic Cleansing
Introduction As young children in America, we obsessively study the Holocaust and the atrocities of
World War II, and often wonder "how could something like this happen?" It is often assumed that
there must have been something particular about the German people and culture to have permitted
these atrocities. However, acts of genocide and violent ethnic conflicts share common patterns that
have nothing to do with individual cultures but rather develop due to specific circumstances.
Violence is a human experience that no culture is exempt from. The UN has finally, after four years
of human rights violations, made a statement that Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) is carrying
out "ethnic cleansing." This essay will analyze cultural markers of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel
April 12, 1999 marked the Seventh Millennium Evening at the White House and the 54th year after
Franklin Roosevelt's death. Years after personally experiencing the horrors of the Holocaust and
World War II, Elie Wiesel shared his story with America among the President and First–lady, Hillary
Clinton, to inspire the world to act upon social and political injustices. In his speech "The Perils of
Indifference", Wiesel opened up about his past and how it made him realize how important it is to
stand up against crimes against humanity. He also discussed the state of the American people and
compared their involvement in foreign intervention back to the lack of intervention in World War II.
Wiesel motivated America with his emphasis on the emotional, logical, and ethical impacts of
indifference. Perhaps the most influential piece of Wiesel's speech was his inclusion of unique
personal narrative. His touching story of his youth spent in a concentration camp gave weight to his
points on indifference as he recalled that "Fifty–four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy from
a small town in the Carpathian Mountains woke up...in a place of eternal infamy called
Buchenwald" (Wiesel). With no property to their name and no individual rights, they marched to
Buchenwald where his father later died before they could both escape ("Wiesel, Elie"). The reality
of these past horrors gave him a strong sense of credibility as he spoke on about the time when he
was oppressed and victimized.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Examples Of Ethnic Cleansing
Butcher of the Balkans Imagine being in a place where your ethnicity could get you murdered. Not
only murdered, but murdered in the most brutal, tortuous, and agonizing way. If you were not
murdered, you were most certainly threatened with the possibility, or other unthinkable actions;
perhaps toward your children or wife. Your ethnicity is being pushed out from their homes all over
the country and forced to live in horrid conditions. Imagine, all of your friends, family, and
acquaintances of that same ethnicity living in constant fear that today could be their last day. What
do you do? Run, hide, or maybe fight? The forces committing these atrocities are much stronger and
much more powerful than your people, and the human instinct for survival is very strong, so it is
logical to forgo fighting and run or hide instead. These dilemmas which seem surreal to most
Americans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many other instances of ethnic cleansing throughout history, however, even with the idea
being essentially as old as time, the term, "ethnic cleansing," according to Gerard Toal and Carl
Dahlman, "did not appear in the Western lexicon until it was quoted from an anonymous Western
diplomat in an April 15, 1992 article in The New York Times" (18). The term was being used to
describe the actions of Slobodan Milošević between 1987 and 1997. The horrible crimes Milošević
committed against any non–Serbs around the Balkan Peninsula earned him the infamous title of the
"Butcher of the Balkans" (Cohen 22). Milošević's reign of terror may be broken down into three
main offices, the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, the President of
Serbia, and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. These three distinct time periods
brought about ever–increasing hardship and oppression for non–Serbs within the region, and each
are definitive in Milošević's nationalist campaign for Serbs, with an eventual climax of evil of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Causes Of Ethnic Cleansing In Burma
Burma
I argue that Wirathu of Burma's preaching of hate–filled sermons should not be tolerated. While it is
not the cause of the ethnic cleansing in Burma, his sermons can instigate violence between the
Muslims and Buddhists in the country. This ignites more rationalization of the ethnic cleansing.
Burma is no stranger to war or outside influence from other countries in the west, and after the
Buddhists of the county fought against military rule in 2007, they won the international
administration (Wade 6). Since the change in administration the Buddhist have been the most vocal
about the external threat the Islamic faith causes for the country (Wade 6). Most of the violence is
directed toward the Rohingya Muslims that were banned from Bangladesh because of violent
campaigns (Wade 7). With the Buddhist being the majority, it is easy for them to push out the
Rohingya with the ethnic cleansing, and some argue that Wirathu is at the head of the violence.
Wirathu's sermons include ideas like "In every town there is a savage Muslim majority" (Hodal 4).
Or "we are being sexually harassed, ganged up on, and raped in in every town" (Hodal). Using this
kind of language is bound to make his followers and others believe that these acquisitions are true of
the Rohingya. Wirathu also states that "Muslims are only well behaved when they are weak, and that
when they are strong they become like wolfs or jackals and hurt other animals" (Our World"
Myanmar's Extremist Monk Wirathu). Wirathu's
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Bosnia-Herzegovina Genocide Research Paper
Throughout the years there has unfortunately been several instances of genocide and one of the most
horrifying and tragic genocides was with the Nazi Holocaust that took place from 1938 until 1945.
Another one of the horrifying genocides in history was the Bosnia–Herzegovina genocide that took
place from 1992 until 1995. A genocide is essentially a systematic murder. Genocide is basically an
attempted murder on individuals based on social or political reasons. Bosnia–Herzegovina was
responsible for 200,000 deaths and the Nazi Holocaust was responsible for 6,000,000 deaths! Just
because the amount of deaths between the two are drastically different does not mean that they did
not both do a tremendous amount of damage and take a great deal of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He blamed the Jews for all of the economic hardship that Germany was facing as well. He put out a
majority of theories about Jews and blamed them for conspiring against the "master race" which
were in his eyes people with blonde hair and blue eyes and fair skin. There were many, many years
of hatred that went toward the Jews and the Holocaust finally broke out. When Ernst vom Rath died,
the Nazis decided to use this as an excuse to make actual State–run attacks on the Jews.
Immediately, 90 Jewish people were killed and then 500 Jewish synagogues were burned. Almost
every Jewish shop had windows that were smashed thoroughly. Massive arrests also occurred
against Jews... 25,000 Jewish men were actually forced to go into concentration camps. The St.
Louis was a ship that had over 930 Jewish people crowded onto it and it was turned away from very
many countries including the United States and Cuba. This means that the ship was sent right back
to Europe and overpowered by Hitler's control just like the rest of Europe had been. When the new
world war started to break
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Ethnic Cleansing And Genocide

  • 1. Ethnic Cleansing And Genocide Despite the 21st century advancements, the world is still plagued with major problems today. Each country, region and continent is facing its own set of struggles and battles. Whether it is an economic, political or social issue, there is always an obstruction that a country is striving to overcome. One of the worldwide issues is ethnic cleansing and genocide. In particular, the South Sudanese civil war is caused by differing opinions of ethnic groups and is leading to the attempt of genocide. Despite the several laws under crimes against humanity opposing this practice, it still does not stop groups from continuing this vile activity. South Sudan is in turmoil due to fighting between those with ethnic differences, specifically the Dinka and the Nuer. These heinous crimes must be stopped before the newly developed country, South Sudan, does not have an opportunity to flourish. This issue has been common throughout history, varying in severity and affected ethnic groups. For instance, the countries of Central Africa, Germany, Poland, Hungary and Myanmar have all been affected by this atrocity ("Fear of Genocide in the World's Newest Nation"; Keleman) . Two of the most globally recognized instances of ethnic cleansing are the Armenian genocide from 1915 to 1920 and the Holocaust from 1933 to 1945. The current South Sudanese Civil War is between the President of South Sudan, Salva Kiir, and the former Vice President, Riek Machar. The ethnic groups of the Dinka and Nuer are ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2.
  • 3. Gruesome Ethnic Cleansing An engagement in a gruesome ethnic cleansing must be treated as a felony, considering the amount of fear and indelible scars targeted people had to deal with. Despite the certainty we have for its badness, we soon face with the difficulty in determining the ways to rule and specify the committed crime for the punishment. Simply put, Mr. Ruthless's argument that not having signed to the convention for the ratification justifies his acquittal of the crime of genocide does not make sense at all. Not given a single international treaty that defines and specifies the crime of ethnic cleansing, we should refer to customary law (or treaties codified correspondingly) to rule this criminal. However, there exists one vital thing we have to consider when ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4.
  • 5. Prejudice And Ethnic Cleansing Prejudice: a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Ethnic Cleansing: an extreme version of acting on prejudices by the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society. These two phrases have the power to change the course of history and leave an unimaginable number hurt in its wake. The most well–known example of prejudice leading to ethnic cleansing is that of Nazi Germany and despite lack of coverage, has not been the only one. On the contrary, there has been numerous account of prejudice and ethnic cleansing in more countries including our own, in regards to the Japanese Internment. Thus, residents of the US cannot express the ideology of "its always them, not us" from the small information learned in school. In fact, these same phrases are still in effect today with the events transpiring in Darfur. It is a painful trend of events that one could argue as being part of the human condition; Yet without proper reflection of ourselves and the world who can say what is true for the human race. Take a minute and think about the word Genocide. From this word only, many will provide the example of Nazi Germany. From 1934 – 1945, the Nazi Party began a hunt for "cleansing" Germany of the Jews, who were unjustly held responsible for why Germany hit hard times. Furthermore, the Jews were put into camps and interned for what may have been the rest of their lives. In Photo A, prisoners of the highly populated ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6.
  • 7. Informative Essay On Armenian Genocide Fifteen hundred million people were living in the world between the years 1915 and 1918. 1.5 million of them were killed in the Armenian Genocide. Worldmark Encyclopedia. A large amount of people are unaware about the Armenian genocide, because it was so close to World War II and the Holocaust, that it is overlooked by other horrific events in history. The Armenian genocide was the first genocide in the 20th century. The Armenian genocide had the lowest deaths with 1.5 million Armenians and one thousand Turkish. There is so much to learn about the history behind the Armenian genocide. What is a Genocide? "A Genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group". Dictionary.com. "It is historically the result of one group attempting to assert control over a country or region." Ethnic Cleansing. A forced deportation or population transfer is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... After Turkey surrendered to the Armenians in 1918, the Turkish leaders fled from their homeland. The leaders fled to Germany, where they were promised they would not get prosecuted for the genocide. "However, a group of Armenian nationalists devised a plan, known as Operation Nemesis, to track down and assassinate the leaders of the genocide." History. Operation Nemesis was the coed name the Armenians used for the mission to kill the Turkish masterminds of the Armenian Genocide. The people who was behind this plan where Armen Garo, Aaron Sachaklian and Shahan Natalie operation nemesis. The Turkish government found out about the Armenians plan and since then denied that the genocide ever happened. Today, Turkey and Armenia have opened up international borders. Some Armenians went back to Armenia, but most stayed where they fled to. The Armenians that went back to Armenia kept Christianity as their main religion. They had to have new government officials because the Turkish killed all the old ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8.
  • 9. The Bosnian-Herzegovina Genocide And Ethnic Cleanse Introduction The Bosnian–Herzegovina genocide or "ethnic cleansing" went on from April 1992 to December 1995 around the end of the Second World War. When Bosnia became its own independent nation on April 5th 1922 it wanted to "cleanse" its country of any non Serbian residents. The killing of Bosnian Muslims during this time was stated by international tribunals to be an ethnic cleansing however the events that took place in July 1995 in Srebrenica was so horrific it was deemed a genocide. The United Nations should have intervened a lot sooner than they did and should have sent more than just peace keepers to protect the human beings that were being slaughtered. Victims The victims targeted during the Bosnian–Herzegovina genocide were mostly Bosnian Muslims and Croatians. The majority of the people that were being murdered and executed were male (boys and men), while the women were being raped and tortured. The downfall of the Ottoman Empire gave a rise to the thoughts of nationalism which in turn caused the ethno religious (an ethnic group whose members are also unified by a common religious background) in Bosnia to have clashing issues like historical problems between groups and political issues. The three different groups which were living in Bosnia were obviously Bosnians but also Serbians and Croatians. According to a demographic study issued in 2005 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, some 97.1 percent of the 7,661 persons recorded as ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10.
  • 11. The Ethnic Cleansing Of The United States The ethnic cleansing of the United States has been a topic of discussion in Germany for more than a century. Authors like Karl May and James Fenimore Cooper popularized western fiction. Adolf Hitler discovered May at the time he entered realshule and Cooper at the time he entered volksschule. After the Munich putsch of 1923, Karl Haushofer taught Hitler of lebensraum, the idea of Manifest Destiny in the United States transposed to a German–defining East in Poland and Russia. Inspired by the stories of May and lebensraum, Hitler repeatedly compared Manifest Destiny in the United States and a German–defining East in Poland and Russia. To what extent did western fiction influence the political landscape and Hitler's War in East Europe? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Gilbert concludes that Hitler's war in East Europe was inspired by the stories of May and Manifest Destiny in the United States. Westermann compares Manifest Destiny in the United States and German lebensraum in Eastern Europe in Hitler's Ostkrieg and the Indian Wars: Comparing Conquest and Genocide. Westermann is Professsor of History at Texas A&M University–San Antonio. Hitler's Ostkrieg and the Indian Wars: Comparing Conquest and Genocide was published in 2016. In it, Westermann highlights similarities between Manifest Destiny in the United States and Hitler's war in East Europe. Westermann evaluates the racial stereotypes, the philosophies, the national policies, the military strategies, and the role of massacre in both Manifest Destiny in the United States and Hitler's war in East Europe. Westermann concludes that, while Hitler did envision his war in East Europe as Manifest Destiny in the United States, the two national projects did not share a common goal. Westermann concludes that Hitler demonstrated his limited understanding of U.S. history in his belief that intent of the U.S. Army was genocidal. Investigation Western fiction authors like Karl May and James Fenimore Cooper popularized the theme in Germany. Adolf Hitler discovered May at the time he entered realshule and Cooper at the time he entered volksschule. Hitler acknowledge western literature, specifically May, as having had a significant ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12.
  • 13. Ethnic Cleansing In The Rohingya Ethnic cleansing has not been recognized by the United Nations as an independent crime. Although, it has been recognized as trying to rid one group of people from an area to make the other group ethnically homogenous. To do this a group can try to promote fear in another group making them want to leave so they do not feel safe anymore. Some of these acts can include murder, torture, rape, etc. (Ethnic Cleansing, Un.org) This is exactly what is happening to the Rohingya in Myanmar. They are being forced to leave their home and escape to neighboring countries because of persecution by the primarily Buddhist, Myanmar. They are not allowed citizenship, are forced to relocate, and been attacked by the Myanmar government on several occasions. Recent studies have shown that over 160,000 Rohingya have fled Myanmar and over 1,000 have been killed, including innocent men, women, and children. (Myanmar: Who are the Rohingya, aljezzera.com) The Rohingya have been in Myanmar since 1982 and not only have gotten no recognition but are not even allowed citizenship. This is turn limits them to having no power or say in Myanmar. The government made the Rohingya get foreign identity cards. This in turn, angered many of the Rohingya for their families had been there for generations. Some Rohingya had even served in the government prior to this. All their rights to go to school, work, travel, etc. were prohibited because they were not able to be recognized as citizens. The Myanmar ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14.
  • 15. Humanitarian Intervention In The Holocaust What does 200,000, 800,000 and 11 million mean to you? Anyone seeing these numbers simply just sees them as a random group of figures; however, to the victims of former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and the Holocausts, these are the number of civilian casualties as a result of genocide, or the methodical massacre of a sizeable group of individuals. Throughout history, there have been several examples of genocide. In some instances, those affected received aid or a form of intervention, while others did not. I believe humanitarian intervention is permissible, especially in the cases of Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and victims of the Holocausts. When it comes to saving innocent lives, protecting human rights, and preserving the state, humanitarian intervention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... After Josip Broz Tito, the communist president of Yugoslavia, died in 1980, citizens of Yugoslavia took advantage of attempting to declare their independence (History of Bosnian Genocide). A man by the name of Slobodan Milosevic soon came into power and further fueled the tension within Yugoslavia. In 1992, Bosnia, following the footsteps of Croatia and Slovenia for independence, was home for different ethnic Muslim groups; with in the same year, Serbia declared war on Bosnia in hopes to claim the land as their own (History of Bosnian Genocide). By using military force and concentration camps, Serbia was attempting to eradicate this ethnic group using genocide. Just like the Holocausts, individual rights were being violated and they were being dehumanized. As a result and stated in our class text, the International Criminal Court (1998) was formed to holding state leaders accountable for human rights violations. Humanitarian intervention would have been permissible in this instance because, again, it would save people's lives. "The violent dismemberment of Yugoslavia has added the term 'ethnic cleansing' to the global vocabulary (Denich).'" Serbia was trying to completely erase the Bosnian ethnic ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16.
  • 17. Analysis Of A Fate Worse Than Dying: The Inhumanity Of... The Inhumanity of Genocides There are important context about history that many people should be aware of and how they should acknowledge the results in order to prevent the same error again. Genocides is one of the main topics in history to talk about because it is a representation of how humans are capable of suppressing other humans based on their differences. In the book, "'A Fate Worse Than Dying': Sexual Violence during the Armenian Genocide" by Matthias Bjornlund, she elaborated on the massacre and extreme violence that the Armenians had gone through under the control of the Ottoman government in World War I. In the reading "Camp Brothels: Forced Sex Labour in Nazi Concentration Camps" by Robert Sommer, he talked about the Holocaust ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In the Nazi concentration camps women that were not Jewish had the opportunity to work as a prostitute. In the reading, the author says, "When another prisoner asked why she had done it, she answered: 'Winter is coming and I work in the fields!'24 She knew that she would have never survived another winter in Auschwitz and preferred forced sex labour to the crematory"(Pg.173) This shows how women within the concentration camps had to live and the only option they had for this survival was forced sex labour. This kind of act was tortuous toward these women because the Nazi soldiers saw them critically vulnerable and observed how they were willing to do anything to live. Sommer also mention about how both genders were treated inhumanly as possible. Sommer says, "After surviving these shocks, some prisoners were able to adapt to the reality of the camp while many others died. In the process of adaptation, reconquering a sexual identity becomes a major strategy of survival."(Pg.182) What the author meant is that some of the prisoners of the concentration camps lost grip of reality because of their sexual identity being torn away from them. Women and men in these concentration camps were stripped off from their sexual identity in order for them to feel worthless human ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18.
  • 19. The Bridge Over The Drina This quote references Bosnia, yet it does not reference the 1992 genocide. In fact, the author of this quote died decades before General Josep Tito, decades before the first rumblings of the fall Yugoslavia, and decades before the first atrocity was committed. In his book, Love Thy Neighbor, Peter Maass includes this quote from Nobel Prize winning Yugoslav author, Ivo Andrić's novel, The Bridge over the Drina, to reveal how the seemingly peaceful multicultural arrangement between Muslims and Christians could devolve so quickly into unimaginable horrors. This devolution is no new event, however. Andrić's passage describes how "there had always been concealed enmities and jealous and religious intolerance, coarseness and cruelty" yet they were restrained by the sense of order and relative economic prosperity (Maass 11). Relative economic prosperity is why French Christians did not commit genocide Algerian Muslims. Economic success is the glue that tentatively binds together different cultures in Europe. As 20th century Europe has seen before, when the economy fails and populist leaders are able to take power, "the bonds of civilization turn out to be surprisingly weak" (Maass 15). We witness the success of multiculturalism within Azouz Begag's book, The Shantytown Kid. Begag did not have a "silver spoon" childhood, and experienced various hardships and certainly racism on account of his Algerian heritage; however, despite Begag's childhood occurring in the wake of the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20.
  • 21. Moral Injunctions : Not For Murder Or Steal Religion has always been bound up with questions of justice and injustice. Across traditions, ethical injunctions – not to murder or steal, for example – are not simply directed at individuals, but also at a larger social and political community. Within religious traditions, the just and unjust is usually and ultimately for a single God or gods to determine; however, from their origins, those traditions have typically inflected the concept of justice within the context of the family, clan, tribe, or city. With the rise of the nation state, the context of the problem shifted, but many core principles remain valid. As states and societies become more integrated through globalization, questions of justice take on a more transitional dimension. Issues of genocide, ethnic cleansing, corruption, and the oppression of women and minorities challenge religious communities to rework – and reapply – established ethical principles in a new global context. Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. The most common, (one of the most common) yet the most horrifying, displays of social injustices upon religions are genocides. During the 20th century, there have been many mass murders of people groups. Most were motivated to a significant degree by religious beliefs. A genocide that had a global effect was Adolf Hitler and the Nazi's organized extermination of about 11 million people including 6 million ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22.
  • 23. The Muslim Genocide that Took Place in Europe Genocide Research Paper "I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented"(Wiesel). Just like Elie Wiesel mentioned, one must never remain silent when such atrocities are occurring. Although there may be times where one feels powerless to injustices there should never be a time where one fails to protest. Silence is the reason for the moral crimes that have happened in history and are still going on to this day. Genocides have always happened because of silence. Just like Elie Wiesel questioned God's silence in Night, he also questioned the world's silence. The silence that caused the annihilation of many human beings and forever changed history. According to dictionary.com, a genocide is the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. As previously mentioned, genocides occur from the silence of the people, racism, and fear. The belief of superiority of one's own race is the beginning of a genocide. Hatred towards the Muslims caused the beginning of a new extermination. The Muslim genocide took place in Europe, Bosnia–Herzegovina from 1992 until 1995. Since the beginning of Bosnia, Muslims have always been the majority in the population. Bosnia was created after the break–up of Yugoslavia, which included the religious groups of Serbs, Croats, and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24.
  • 25. What Is The Primary Underlying Cause Of The Armenian... I. The primary underlying cause of the Armenian genocide derived from the decline of the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the 19th century, and was based on land dispute, religion, and ultra– nationalism. "One of the main factors that led to the Armenian genocide is to be found in the mental conditions and characteristics of Turkish National identity" (Akçam, 2004, 59). The Armenians have claimed their home in the southern Caucasus since 7th Century BCE. Throughout many centuries, the Mongol, Persian, Russian, and Ottoman empires have fought over this region. Due to the Armenians lack of unity and strength, they could not claim their lands any longer. They were weak in relation to their conflicting neighbors, and were often deported from the very lands they first lived in. Constant deportations over history eventually led them to many different parts of the world, forming what is the Armenian diaspora. Ever since the 4th Century CE, the Armenian state claimed Christianity as their official religion. Even after Islam was founded in the 7th century CE and became the state religion in all of the countries surrounding Armenia, the Armenians still held onto the Christian faith. Since Christianity was a religious minority at the time, Armenians were viewed as "infidels", and were disposed to unjust treatment as a result. They experienced hardship, religious persecution, discrimination, and abuse. Armenians began to pay higher taxes and had very few political and legal ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26.
  • 27. Causes Of Crimes Against Humanity Essay We know crimes against humanity as a deliberate criminal act or acts that are typically part of a systematic campaign which causes human suffering or death on a large scale. The acts are an attack on human dignity where the crimes can be committed during times of war and peace. Offences that come under this category include murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of a population, imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty, torture, sexual violence, persecution against any identifiable group or collective, enforced disappearance of persons and other inhumane acts of a similar character and gravity1,2,3. I have decided to examine sexual violence and in particular the motivations behind such crimes that constitute as sexual violence; this encompasses crimes such as rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity1,2,3,. In particular I am going to examine sexual violence in reference to the conflict in former Yugoslavia, known as the Bosnian war. The Bosnian War of 1992–1995 was a major conflict that was seen to be politically and racially motivated between the Serbian's, Croatian's and Bosnian's. During this time the Serbian's were participating in an illegal conflict by being in violation of the Geneva conventions, customary laws, as well as committing odious offences that we know as crimes against humanity4. It hasn't been overtly ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28.
  • 29. Ethnic Groups Ww1 Western stated that, "The brutal ethnic cleansing carried out during the war was never completed, and many villages still contain pockets of minority ethnic groups." Since the ethnic cleansing was never finished, the Muslims that still existed and became a minority ethnic group. They could not be mixed into the population to create a diverse society unless the government passed laws allowing them to be or if the superior ethnic groups accepted them into their society. The violence used during the war destroyed the hopes for making Bosnia diverse. As verified by Black, "Although Bosnian Serbs, Bosnian Croats, and Bosnian Muslims had been able to live together for decades, the bloodshed of the 1990s nearly destroyed hopes for a multiethnic Bosnia." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Bosnia was still trying to create a multiethnic state, but the political institutions already supported ethnic partition in the government. As asserted by McMahon and Western, "Although Bosnia professes to seek the creation of a unified multi ethnic state, its political institutions support ethnic partition at every level of government." The politicians of Bosnia wanted the government to be diverse on all levels, but they were still trying to create a diverse society at the same time. Ethnic partition in the government was also supported by the nationalist parties in Bosnia. As advocated by Black, "The elections were held without violence, but the results were a victory for the nationalist parties who wanted to maintain the ethnic partition of the country." The result of the election was a new three person presidency with each president from a different ethnic group. The nationalist parties saw this as a victory because they supported ethnic partition in the government. Although people in Bosnia supported a diverse government, the country was still broken. Dahlman and Tuathail described that, "Without cooperation from the local authorities to reverse the wartime property laws, returnees to other areas could not re–establish possession over their ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30.
  • 31. How Did The Armenian Genocide Affect Society The Armenian Genocide was a planned murder of the Armenians, due to the ethnic differences between the Turks and the Armenians, which was spurred by the rising atrocities due to a suspicion that the Armenians were not faithful to the Ottoman Turks. A rising question around this research was – to what extent did the Armenian Genocide affect the religious, political, economic, and social aspects of society? The Armenian Genocide resulted in discrimination against the Christian Armenians through separating the Armenians from the Ottoman Turks, granting less rights for the Armenians in fear that the Armenians would abuse their power as they were viewed as very untrustworthy, and for this reason the Armenians had less wealth and power than the Ottoman Turks. Another major reason for the genocide was the desire of the Ottomans in creating a homogenous Turkish state. I chose this topic because I am genuinely interested about how discrimination has affected populations and what effect that has had on both populations– the one being discriminated and the one discriminating. The Armenian Genocide was the mass–massacre of Armenians by a group of reformers that took power in 1908, known as the "Young Turks" (Vahagn 797). These reformers believed that the Armenians posed a threat to Turkey, especially during World War I. Due to this, the Armenians were discriminated against before the genocide, as the "Christian Armenians were thought to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... According to Kasbarian and Kerem, the political factors that pushed the Turkish government to perpetuate the Armenian genocide, was that the Young Turks "organized genocides of minorities for political gains" (Kasbarian and Kerem 115). The Young Turks organized massacres and made attempts to exterminate minority populations for political gains. As the Christian Armenians lost power in the Turkish political system, the Turks obtained a much higher status than the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32.
  • 33. Gendercide In The Bosnia-Herzegovina Genocide Genocide has been around for ages, and usually occurs during a military conflict. When people think of genocide, they think of the annihilation of a race, religion, or class including all members of the group. Killing all the people in a family was considered the root and branch method. This was used to assure that no other generations could come in the future. This is not the case for all genocides. In the Bosnia–Herzegovina genocide, battle–aged men were murdered while the women were taken as sex slaves. This is still considered genocide because the Serbs, killing all males who were Muslim or Croats, would make it impossible for them to continue to reproduce and continue their ethnic group. Also, enslaving all women as sex slaves is still ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Gendercide is the targeting of one gender in genocide, and in this case it is directed towards the males. Rape is a weapon used in history, and by the Serbs, to humiliate and destroy the lives of women and their culture. The Serbs used it to make the women never want to come back to their homeland. Killing the men and enslaving the women is to prevent the next generation of Muslims and Croats. The killing had started due to the breaking up of Yugoslavia, which was filled with mixing ethnic groups, and religions in many of their cities. "They would kill the male children to make sure they could not plot revenge, or to reproduce" (Jones 465). The males were targeted for killings because they were seen as a military threat, unlike the women. The Serb's goal was the ethnic cleansing of Bosnia–Herzegovina, and the incorporate it into greater Serbia. Their strategy was to terrorize the non–Serb population into fleeing, to murder Muslim and Croat men, and then to deport the remaining population. The killings and the rapes were done by Serbian men. Some willing and others unwilling. Some Serbs were approached by soldiers and told they must participate and help with the cleansing. "Men working at the rape camps would sometimes ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34.
  • 35. Human Rights Within The World "Behind every exquisite thing that existed, there was something tragic"–Oscar Wilde. Everything good in the world has a definitive start that sprouts from inequalities, oppression, and a need for fairness. With this in mind, things such as human rights are dated back to violent history. Nazi Germany arguably sparked an interest in human rights as their "good triumphed through the acts of a selfless few or out of the depths of evil". Human rights refer to the laws, acts and policies initiated in order to protect vulnerable, oppressed people in the world and allow them to possibly thrive in this world. Although women, sexual minorities, and racialized minorities all play a significant role in the development of human rights–racialized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Genocide, under the article II of the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, alludes the concept of an eradication of a particular group of people–mainly minority groups–that includes the murder, dealing bodily harm to members of that group, and forcing the group to live under certain conditions. To begin, the First World ware demonstrates a fragile state when violations of human rights occurred during the mass murder of Armenians in 1915–16. During these grim times, the Ottoman empire was shrinking and their opposition to Russia failed–this caused the blame to shift to Armenians who were suspected of "being pro–Russia". The Armenian intellectuals were forcibly executed, causing many to later be sent off to die in labour camps or on death marches to concentration camps. The tragedy occurred during a time where human rights were not highly regarded and the immense lack of these basic rights caused many to be hurt. Moreover, the one of the most detrimental events to occur was the existence of Nazi Germany and the genocide against Jews during World War II. An evident relationship has been illuminated by Diner who states that the Holocaust is a part of European identity that forges a connection between the tragedy and increased means to protect humanity. International law on these bare necessities humans have rights to indicates how crucial it was to prevent upcoming ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36.
  • 37. The Genocide Of Rohingya Muslims Myanmar is trying to exterminate the Rohingya Muslims and innocent people are being punished. The government/militaries are raping women, slaughtering men and children, and burning down homes. The government is murdering children who don't even know what their crime is. This is all happening because the Muslims are staying loyal to their faith and not giving it up. Myanmar is going through genocide which is when a small group of people are being killed by a larger group of people for their religion, race, and ethnicity.The conflict in Burma is a genocide because groups of Rohingya Muslims are being targeted, this is targeting a religion, and the Muslims are thought of as criminals who deserve to be punished. First and foremost, the Rohingya ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The government treats the Rohingya Muslims like criminals and they are not shown any respect. If the government treats the Rohingya Muslims in a horrible way that means that, "They face widespread discrimination and mistreatment." (BBC.com) "mistreatment" proves that the government's conduct towards the Muslims is not well. Another quote that shows how the Muslims are thought of as, "In the open letter, the group said the government crackdown on the population amounted to "ethnic cleansing". (BBC.com) This shows that the government thinks they are "ethnic cleansing" and that is a good thing. However, they don't realize that what they are doing is wrong and that they are punishing innocent people. Also, the words "ethnic cleansing" shows how the religion of Islam gets no respect and the government wants to get rid of anyone if has faith in the religion. Also, the government is denying the Rohingya Muslims citizenship, "The estimated one million Muslim Rohingya are seen by many in mainly Buddhist Myanmar as illegal migrants from Bangladesh. They are denied citizenship by the government despite tracing their ancestry back generations." (BBC.com) The Government decided that the Rohingya Muslims are illegal immigrants, however, the evidence is against them. "Despite tracing their ancestry back generations" The Muslims can even prove that they belong there because their ancestors have been living there for generations. Rohingya Muslims aren't even given basic rights and are being maltreated for something they haven't ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38.
  • 39. Ilan Pappe's Definition Of Ethnic Cleansing Israel successfully fought off the pan–Arab army while other Israeli combatants terrorized and depopulated the countryside. Ilan Pappe termed the depopulation of Palestinians as "ethnic cleansing" but can this phrase be properly used when discussing the events of 1947–1948? To answer this question one must determine if there is a well–established definition of the phrase 'ethnic cleansing' and also establish that this was the intent of the Zionists, both initially and subsequently. This can be determined by examining Zionist policy and action previous to the U.N partition plan and after, which will demonstrate that the term is appropriately applied to the situation by Pappe. The United Nations defines ethnic cleansing as; "The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The first English use of the phrase was used by Donald Forbes, a Reuters reporter, who was quoting Croatia's Supreme Council: "The aim of this expulsion is obviously the ethnic cleansing of the critical areas . . . to be annexed to Serbia" (New York Times). The phrase is used later to define events in Serbia where Slobodan Milosevic, known as the Butcher of the Balkans, would level cities, mass murder, and rape the local populations of Croatians which created 2 million refugees (CNN). Again, the tactics are all too similar to those used by Israel to drive out the Arab peoples. Moreover, the term is used today describe most cases of expulsion, imprisonment, or killing of an ethnic minority by a dominant majority. It doesn't matter what definition you use or what other historical examples you use to define the phrase because it doesn't change the main purpose of Pappe's book, which is, to demonstrate that the Arabs were forcibly removed from Palestine using violent and non–violent means (Pappe 2). Pappe documents the events that led to the mass expulsion of Palestinians from their lands, beginning with the Zionist vision from the partition plan, forward. Also, Pappe uses oral history to fill the gaps in the Palestinians narrative, along with military archives, and Ben–Gurion's diary. The Jewish National Fund contained files that were used to systematically eliminate Arab villages, and Plan D provides the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40.
  • 41. Critical Speech In Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel Romanian–born American Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel in his critical speech, "Perils of Indifference," maintains the idea that indifference is inhumane. He supports his claim by using his personal experience in the Holocaust. Additionally, it states in paragraph 9 that "They were dead and did not know it." emphasizes how indifference has made the "Muselmann" completely unaware of their fate. Further, it states in paragraph 8 that "Indifference can be tempting... troublesome... and can make our lives meaningless." Wiesel's purpose is to warn the people that change is needed in order to encourage the people to make a change in the world for the better so something as tragic and devastating like the Holocaust never happens again. He establishes a critical tone for readers by using stylistic devices and rhetorical devices such as imagery, contemplative questions,and word choice in order to achieve his message that indifference is inhumane. Wiesel's message about the inhumanity of indifference and the importance of resistance is still relevant today. Unfortunately, although Elie Wiesel and much of the world hoped nothing like the Holocaust would ever happen again, there have been other cases of genocide later after the Holocaust. For example, in the year 1991, the "The Bosnian War and Srebrenica Genocide" took place ("The Bosnian War"). In 1991, "Yugoslavia began to break up along ethnic lines," causing a surge of ethnic groups trying to seize the power in government ("The Bosnian War"). When the republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared their independence in 1992 the region quickly became the center of the fighting. In the article "The Bosnian War and Srebrenica Genocide" the "Serbs" were a group who rapidly rose to power by taking up "90 percent" of the military, and by also oppressing any other ethnic group that to them "posed a threat to their rights" In addition the article "The Bosnian War and Srebrenica Genocide" it states that the height of the killing took place in July 1995. When 8,000 Bosniaks were killed in what became known as the Srebrenica genocide, the largest massacre in Europe." Despite, all the mass killings, most of the world ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42.
  • 43. Ethnic Cleansing in Sudan Essay Ethnic Cleansing in Sudan The government of Sudan is responsible for 'ethnic cleansing' and crimes against humanity in Darfur, which is located on Sudan's western border with Chad (. The Sudanese government, along with the Arab 'Janjaweed' militias they arm and support, have attacked the civilians of the African Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa ethnic groups. These attacks involved massacres, summary executions of civilians, burnings of towns and villages, and the forceful depopulation of Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa land. The militia, Muslim like the African groups, have destroyed many religious artifacts including the desecrated Qorans that belong to their enemies (Human Rights Watch, 2004, p. 5). The Sudanese government is breaching at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The outcomes of this mission will not be known for a period of time but it is reported on the 17th of May ?a WFP hired truck driver was robbed, beaten and subsequently hospitalized? (UN estimates?, 2004, para. 6) and ?internally displaced persons (IDPs) who accept food aid (from WFP) were subject to Janjaweed militia predatory attacks?. (UN estimates?, 2004, para. 9) Although expected, these actions show that there is still a long way to go before there is peace. An immediate ceasefire between the two groups would prevent any further breaches of Article 3 of the UDHR. The Sudanese government and Janjaweed militia must stop the ethnic cleansing in Darfur. The UN mission stationed there must then assess the safety of the civilians. If civilian safety is at risk, UN member states should look into providing military assistance. The Janjaweed militia must be stopped for there to be an end to breaches of Article 5 of the UDHR. There are one million IDPs in various camps and settlements in Darfur and most are partly controlled by the Janjaweed (UN estimates?, 2004, para. 3). If the Janjaweed are still armed and dangerous – the civilians at these camps will still be abused. There are two ways the Janjaweed can be stopped: by overwhelming them militaristically or cutting the Sudanese government funding and support. The latter option would probably result in the fewest loss of lives. This option, however, would only work if both the UN and the people of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 44.
  • 45. Bosnian Genocide Research Paper The Bosnian Genocide was the worst act of mass killings since the Nazis destruction of 6 million Jews. It resulted in a 100,000 deaths of both mostly Bosniak Muslims and Croatians. The horrific events that took place in Bosnia are currently shown in the Middle East today through dehumanization, nationalism and imperialism. These factors are what make the Bosnian Genocide recurrent for Muslims in history. During the ethnic cleansing of Muslims from 1992–1995, thousands of innocent muslims were targeted because of who they were and what they believed in. Bosniaks were beaten, raped and eventually murdered. The survivors of the Bosnian Genocide are key witnesses to explaining the saddening treatment they had to endure."They were "playing with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Former president Josep Broz Tito held Yugoslavia together and was able to extinguish the nationalism growing in many republics. His death however reopened the wound and let the nationalism of the Serbs become existent. The serb forces ideology for a "Greater Serbia" was the very motive that sparked the 3 year long civil war. For starters the Serb forces showed much nationalism by joining up in a group of 16 Serb Political members and writing the Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. For them, is was supposedly to support a solution of Yugoslav unity but instead focused depently on disapproving president Tito's ways. In fact in 1987, the president of Serbia, Slobodan Milošević, was openly supportive of the document and was even the spokes person for it. He envisioned and introduce a nationalist motto of "strong Serbia, strong Yugoslavia". This nationalism alone from a president was the spark of all nationalism thereafter. It was a sense of unity for serbians and made them more superior than other ethnicities due to that fact that the president was so open about it. This gave him justification by using text to support his beliefs and ideas. This is comparative to the middle east by Al–Qaeda and ISIS. The middle east as well uses documents and books to justify and spread what they are doing. They use the Quran, a holy book, as justification for the strong hate for others and strong nationalism for their country. They use versus such as "I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore strike off their heads and strike off every fingertip of them."Quran (8:12). Yet interpret these verses in such a misleading way as the Serbs did with the document. Serbs wanted a "Serbian land" while Isis wants a pan–arab land and in both cases these books were the start for the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 46.
  • 47. Ethnic Cleansing In The United States African Americans are heavily distributed in the Southeast portion of the United States. From Louisiana to Virginia, there are a lot of areas with 25% or above. The main reason for the concentration in the South is due to the slave trade of colonial times. African Slaves were brought over to work for the colonials. And most of the slaves were bought to assist cotton plantation owners, who live solely in the south due to the temperance of their crop. And once the slaves were freed, many of them stayed to farm as sharecroppers, and stayed in the south to make permanent homes. On a smaller scale, the only concentration of African Americans of 5%–24.9% in Minnesota is in the Minneapolis Area. This is because after slaves were freed, the United States went through an industrial revolution, and many workers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... One example of an ethnic cleansing in the 20th century is the Balkans, the area around former Yugoslavia. When Yugoslavia, a united nation of several states, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia among others broke apart, Bosnia & Herzegovina was split between ethnicities. The Serbs and Croats began an ethnic cleansing against the Muslims to try to create an ethnically unified state. They attacked and removed many Bosnian Muslims, and displaced more than 2 million. Another example of an ethnic cleansing is the genocide, (a mass killing due to an ethnic cleansing) attempted in Sudan. With two significantly different ethnic groups, the Northern Arabs sought to control the Southern Africans, and the Government–Dominating Arabs began to invade, bomb, raid and burn villages in Sudan. The nomadic Arabs knows as the Janjaweed as began to fight with government funding, raiding villages. The war ended with two separate countries being formed, Sudan and South Sudan, but not without many deaths and other atrocious war crimes ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 48.
  • 49. Ethnic Cleansing In The United States Ethnicity is defined as an ethnic group; a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, or language. There can be many different ethnic groups in each country. In China alone there are 56 recognized ethnic groups. In the United States there are six recognized ethnic groups. They are White American, Black or African American, Alaska Native or Native American, Native Hawaiian, Asian American, or people of two or more races. The US census also groups Americans into the category of "Hispanic or Latino" or "Not Hispanic or Latino". Ethnicities are located in different places depending on many factors, such as geography. For example, there is a high population of Hispanics from Mexico in the southwestern part of the country. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Ethnic cleansing is defined as the systematic removal of ethnic or religious groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, with the intent of making it ethnically homogenous. This basically means, one ethnic groups removes another group to make a certain place's population just their ethnic group. Ethnic cleansing can be carried out in many ways, such as forced migration, intimidation, and mass murder. One of the most cruel and widespread examples of this was the Holocaust. It was portrayed in the book "The Diary of Anne Frank". In 1933, a man named Adolf Hitler was elected as chancellor of Germany. Germany was angry and embarrassed from WW1, and they wanted someone to blame. Hitler gave them someone, the jews. He blamed them for Germany's defeat. The Franks' are the main focus of the book "The Diary of Anne Frank". After Hitler was elected the Franks' started to notice the anger and hatred around them, so they fled to Amsterdam. In 1940, Germany invaded The Netherlands and they began to place restrictions on the jews. Anne Frank and her sister had to switch to an all jewish school, they had to wear stars on their clothes, and they weren't allowed in certain places. In 1942 Anne's sister received a call up notice to be relocated to a work camp. Her father then decide it was time to tell them about their hiding place. They left their house a mess and left a note about leaving for Switzerland to throw the authorities off. They moved into the attic of Otto Frank's office building. They were joined by a few others shorty after. During her time there, Anne kept a very detailed diary about her daily life and her thoughts. They lived there for two years until August 4, 1944 the German police stormed the building and found them from an anonymous tip. The family was then sent to a concentration camp called Auschwitz. The men and women were separated and those who were too young or ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 50.
  • 51. The History Of Genocides And Ethnic Cleansing Ethnic cleansing is defined as, " the systematic deliberate removal of ethnic or religious groups from a given territory with the intent of making it ethnically homogenous." Genocide is defined as, " the deliberate killing of a large group of people especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation." Developed nations should take the responsibility of intervening in nations practising these crimes against humanity, because millions of lives have been lost due to the conflicts that their countries are facing, and we have the resources to intervene in a nation facing a crisis before it is escalated into a genocide. Genocides and ethnic cleansing has been an ongoing issue responsible for the destruction of many human lives in developing nations. The Rwandan genocide in 1994 was the quickest massacre killing 800,000 people in 100 days. The death of the president was a trigger for the genocide. Rwandan president, Juvenal Habyarimana who was a Hutu was killed when his plane was shot down outside of the country's capital Kigali. The Hutus automatically held the Tutsis responsible for the murder. Following the death of the president the Hutu rebels filled the capital while taking control of the streets. Tutsis and anyone who was suspected to have ties with Tutsis were slaughtered. With no government control the Hutus were able to take control of the whole country. The goal of the Hutu extremists was to become the majority power in the nation and in order to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 52.
  • 53. Bosnian Genocide Research Paper Genocide is the systematic annihilation of a group ("Bosnia"). Many have lost their entire families, including children, belongings, and opportunities. The Bosnian genocide is a tragic event that led to the death of 8,000 men and boys. Bosnia's current population is 3.8 million with a 48 percent of Bosnian muslims, 14 percent of Croats, and a 37 percent of Serbs. Those responsible for the genocide focused on what they deemed as "ethnic cleansing". It is important to share this horrific event with the world, so it does not happen again, as it has occured in so many other nations. Beginning on July, 13 1992 the Bosnian genocide started. Bosnia's previous leader, Josip Broz, had control over the country. He made sure everything was in place, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Concentration camps took the lives of approximately 10,000 people. Many women were being taken to the camp to be raped and tortured for weeks and sometimes months until they became pregnant. An estimated total of 20,000 rapes happened between 1992–1995. Reports of rape and mass killings had slowly been communicated to the world. The pictures and videos of what was going on definitely got the world's attention. The U.S. government was shown all the proof of what had been going on yet they still chose to do nothing. Soon after the UN established six safe areas. These safe areas were to be protected with international peacekeepers. These peacekeepers had very few weapons and could only fire when it involved self defense. Sadly they were highly ineffective. One of the UN safe areas, Srebrenica, soon began to fall. With that, the Croatians and Bosniaks joined powers to move Serbian forces away from the Krajina region. With the Croatians and Bosniaks powers combined, they were able to push out Serb forces, along with 200,000 civilians, out of Krajina and into other Serb dominated areas. It created one of the biggest refugee populations in Europe ("Bosnia and Herzegovina"). The defeat of Bosnian Serbs forces soon made people realize they need to make changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as soon as ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 54.
  • 55. Holocaust Migration Research Paper Migration: Communist Cleanse World War II: Yet another instance of mass relocation and genocide of an ethnic group. But what about after the Holocaust? In December 1944, Prime Minister Winston Churchill stood on the world's stage and announced the largest forced population transfer in human history–– the "ethnic cleansing" of post–war Germany (Douglas). Up until the 1970's or so, resources written in English on this particular involuntary migration were nonexistent; even in Europe, the subject is considered taboo. British, American, and Russian governments officialized the controversial decision to expel between 12–15 million Germans from both their homeland and surrounding countries at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The allied nations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Most began championing right–wing politics, which "value tradition... survival of the fittest, and... economic freedom" (Nicklin). Others began working peacefully towards the reconstruction of post– war Germany and recognizing those displaced all around Europe (specifically Poland). At about the same time the Cold War was getting cold, an increasing number of German expellees began to speak up about their "forgotten holocaust." Many created organizations that demanded compensation for their suffering, especially in West Germany. Still, the Allies kept the discussions to a mum; some (such as Czechoslovakia) continued to justify the cleansing as a fit punishment for Nazi crimes and refused to acknowledge the atrocity as anything more. After the fall of the U.S.S.R. and the reconciliation of East and West Germany, the subject became a slightly more open topic. After the Nuremberg Trials in 1945 concluded that forced immigration was a crime against humanity, the issue could no longer be ignored... or so it seemed. Today ethnic cleansing is considered a crime against international law, although some consider the forced expulsion of Germans after WWII to have been a legal procedure at the time (seeing as such crimes were not addressed by the UN Declaration of Human Rights nor the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950). The expulsion continues to make appearances in modern politics, especially in Europe; for instance, a declaration in 1997 by the Czech Republic has "effectively closed" the topic and attempted to restrict legal claims made by German descendants ("Germans Expelled"). Still, these immigrants, along with their children, continue to try and demand the property confiscated from them during the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 56.
  • 57. Ethnic Cleansing In America When you think of Muslims what do you think of? Do you think of ISIS, do you think of president Trump, or do you think of ethnic cleansing? When most people think of Muslims in America it is usually tied to something negative but in this story the Muslims are the ones who are getting persecuted by nationalist Buddhists. The Rohingyas are a Muslim ethnic group that are currently experiencing ethnic cleansing because they are not considered citizens in the country they have been living in for decades. The Rohingya are a group of Muslims that live in the Rakhine state in Myanmar. They originate from Bangladesh. One reason they left Bangladesh and came to Myanmar is because the British who ruled Myanmar at the time said that they wanted migrant ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 58.
  • 59. Genocide In Bosnia Research Paper Genocide In Bosnia The Genocide in Bosnia was the outcome of misleadership and late intervention by the world. The Bosnian conflict was a war that led to the death of over 100,000 soldiers and civilians(War Crime). The war consisted consisted of two sides: the Bosnian–Serbs and the Bosnian–Croats. The conflict was handled improperly. It even came close to home as one american soldier was stranded in Bosnia in the middle of the war witnessing all that the UN and the government of the Bosnian–Serbs would pronounce to be false. "Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group(US Holocaust Museum)".The Bosnian war is a pure example of Genocide. In 1995 the Bosnian–Serbs massacred the town of Srebrenica. Eight–thousand Muslim Men and boys died while the women were raped and then slaughtered(War crime). Civilian killings were directed toward Muslims and in 1971 the Muslim ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... History.com says these countries were forged as one after WW2. But power and leadership was an issue; and in the mid 1980's Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic began creating differences between the countries. Then In 1991 Slovenia, Croatia, and Macedonia all declared Independence. Then in 1992 Bosnia declared Independence. War broke out in Croatia and Bosnia. The sides were the Bosnian–Croats against the Bosnian–Serbs. With the backing of Serbian leader Milosevic and the Yugoslavian army, the general of the Bosnian–Serbs Ratko Mladic overwhelmed the Bosnian– Croats at Sarajevo(capital of Bosnia)and gained control. Throughout 1992 the Bosnian Serbs would conquer three quarters of Bosnia. Within the land they conquered, Srebrenica suffered the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 60.
  • 61. The Eight Stages Of Armenian Genocide Throughout history terrible actions and commands were executed, some of these acts were genocides. Genocide is the deliberate killing of a certain people according to their ethnic, racial or religious groups. Genocides have occurred within different areas of the world and at different periods of time. Most genocides have a different history behind it and are executed differently. Armenia and Bosnia are two areas of the world in which a genocide has taken place. The religious and cultural differences within the Ottoman Empire caused most of the conflicts that occurred. Armenia made Christianity its official religion in 4th century A.D and it became part of the Ottoman Empire, a mainly Muslim region, in the 15th century. Similar to the majority ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The first stage is classification. There were many different ethnic groups in Yugslavia, however Bosnian Serbs distinguished themselves as greater and superior to all non Serbs. They belived in the idea of Greater Serbia. The second stage of genocide is known as symbolization. Bosnian Muslims were known as Bosniaks and Croatians were seen as inferior. People were forced to wear a crescent moon with a star which would be used to easily identify their religion. People would see that people were wearing this symbol and immediately belittle them and treat them differently. The third stage of genocide is dehumanization. Bosniaks and Croats were considered "Aliens." It made them seem less than human and inferior to the rest of the inhabitants of Yugoslavia. Bosniaks and Croats were portrayed as evil, harmful, rude and angry. The fourth stage is organization. Ethnic Cleansings were sent out to regions of Bosnia because it contained the most Bosniaks and Croats. The main goals of this ethnic cleansing was to push the Non–Serbs out of Bosnia with the use of murder, rape and torture. Concentration camps were also builts and armies were trained to attack them. The fifth stage of Genocide is polarization. Any communication or interaction that was done between Serbs and non Serbs was prohibited. Intermarriage between Serbs and Non–Serbs was forbidden by new laws. The sixth stage is preparation. The Serbs ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 62.
  • 63. The Circumplex Model : Ethnic Cleansing And Genocide The circumplex model helps to explain ethnic cleansing and genocides, for example, when social groups have high levels of cohesion and low levels of flexibility as this indicates, according to the model, problems in society. Furthermore, this is supported by the Rwandan genocide example as well as that of the ethnic cleansing by the Serbs against the Bosniaks an under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic. The Hutus and Serbs ultimately banded there groups together as a collective force, although arguably some were coerced to join, to remove the Tutsi and Bosniak groups either from existence, in the Rwandan case or from an area, in the case of the Bosnians. The groups were dependant on one another in the sense that they needed everyone's cooperation in order for the ethnic cleansing or genocide to occur and make a significant impact. Following on from this, there were those of the Hutu tribe who opposed the genocide and paid the price of death alongside the Tutsi, which shows that when a member of the group is not accepting of the collective behaviours they are punished as stated in the circumplex model. Moreover, we can see that due to the spread of discontent and somewhat force by the leaders, there was an authoritarian style leadership, social control over the population and an the implementation of a thinking pattern, which in the Rwandan genocide case was to "wake up, eat, meet and kill" and in Serbs case, Milosevic implemented the process of wanting to remove the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 64.
  • 65. Examples Of Ethnic Cleansing In The Rohingya Introduction To the Myanmar government, the Rohingya are the enemy. Since the 1970's, the military has raped, murdered, tortured, and burned alive Rohingya people living in the Rakhine State (Ekin, 2017). In 1982, the Burma Citizenship Law proclaimed the Rohingya as stateless, which, in the words of human rights consultant and research associate in the Centre for Asian Legal Studies Katherine Southwick, has "been used to rationalize various forms of marginalization and the denial of rights, services, and identity" (2015, p. 142). With years worth of accounts of Rohingya persecution, the crisis in Myanmar demands condemnation and interference. Only on September 11, 2017, did the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Zeid Ra'ad ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... expressed in the plaintive, 'for how long will you make us eaten by insects?'" (2011, p. 233). The view of Rohingya as concomitant to insects is a clear representation of the dehumanization they suffer through on a daily basis. In consequence of the Myanmar ethnic cleansing, the dehumanization has worsened to the point of denying the Rohingya's existence altogether, as of that by the Burmese government, who refuses to acknowledge them as a separate ethnic group and insists on their identification as Bengalis. To exemplify, one officer for the security ministry of the Rakhine State, U Kyaw San Hla, told New York Times reporter Hannah Beech "There is no such thing as Rohingya...It is fake news" (2017). Members of the government, however, are not the only Myanmarese citizens to deny Rohingya existence; Beech additionally found that "In the bazaar [in Sittwe] recently, every Rakhine resident [she] talked to claimed, falsely, that no Muslims had ever owned shops there" (2017). In analyzing the effects of oppressive commentary about the Rohingya, it is evident that the more the existence of the Rohingya is denied and the more they are dehumanized, the less their human rights are respected. Military Violence The tarnished status of the Rohingya – a cause of their dehumanization – has allowed for military troops to carry out unbridled, vicious acts against the stateless ethnic group. Because the Rohingya are viewed as a disgraced people, they have been left without an ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 66.
  • 67. Holocaust Migration Research Paper Migration: Communist Cleanse World War II: Yet another instance of mass relocation and genocide of an ethnic group. But what about after the Holocaust? In December 1944, Prime Minister Winston Churchill stood on the world's stage and announced the largest forced population transfer in human history–– the "ethnic cleansing" of post–war Germany (Douglas). Up until the 1970's or so, resources written in English on this particular involuntary migration were nonexistent; even in Europe, the subject is considered taboo. British, American, and Russian governments officialized the controversial decision to expel between 12–15 million Germans from both their homeland and surrounding countries at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. The allied nations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Most began championing right–wing politics, which "value tradition... survival of the fittest, and... economic freedom" (Nicklin). Others began working peacefully towards the reconstruction of post– war Germany and recognizing those displaced all around Europe (specifically Poland). At about the same time the Cold War was getting cold, an increasing number of German expellees began to speak up about their "forgotten holocaust." Many created organizations that demanded compensation for their suffering, especially in West Germany. Still, the Allies kept the discussions to a mum; some (such as Czechoslovakia) continued to justify the cleansing as a fit punishment for Nazi crimes and refused to acknowledge the atrocity as anything more. After the fall of the U.S.S.R. and the reconciliation of East and West Germany, the subject became a slightly more open topic. After the Nuremberg Trials in 1945 concluded that forced immigration was a crime against humanity, the issue could no longer be ignored... or so it seemed. Today ethnic cleansing is considered a crime against international law, although some consider the forced expulsion of Germans after WWII to have been a legal procedure at the time (seeing as such crimes were not addressed by the UN Declaration of Human Rights nor the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950). The expulsion continues to make appearances in modern politics, especially in Europe; for instance, a declaration in 1997 by the Czech Republic has "effectively closed" the topic and attempted to restrict legal claims made by German descendants ("Germans Expelled"). Still, these immigrants, along with their children, continue to try and demand the property confiscated from them during the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 68.
  • 69. Genocide And Ethnic Cleansing Introduction As young children in America, we obsessively study the Holocaust and the atrocities of World War II, and often wonder "how could something like this happen?" It is often assumed that there must have been something particular about the German people and culture to have permitted these atrocities. However, acts of genocide and violent ethnic conflicts share common patterns that have nothing to do with individual cultures but rather develop due to specific circumstances. Violence is a human experience that no culture is exempt from. The UN has finally, after four years of human rights violations, made a statement that Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) is carrying out "ethnic cleansing." This essay will analyze cultural markers of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 70.
  • 71. The Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel April 12, 1999 marked the Seventh Millennium Evening at the White House and the 54th year after Franklin Roosevelt's death. Years after personally experiencing the horrors of the Holocaust and World War II, Elie Wiesel shared his story with America among the President and First–lady, Hillary Clinton, to inspire the world to act upon social and political injustices. In his speech "The Perils of Indifference", Wiesel opened up about his past and how it made him realize how important it is to stand up against crimes against humanity. He also discussed the state of the American people and compared their involvement in foreign intervention back to the lack of intervention in World War II. Wiesel motivated America with his emphasis on the emotional, logical, and ethical impacts of indifference. Perhaps the most influential piece of Wiesel's speech was his inclusion of unique personal narrative. His touching story of his youth spent in a concentration camp gave weight to his points on indifference as he recalled that "Fifty–four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy from a small town in the Carpathian Mountains woke up...in a place of eternal infamy called Buchenwald" (Wiesel). With no property to their name and no individual rights, they marched to Buchenwald where his father later died before they could both escape ("Wiesel, Elie"). The reality of these past horrors gave him a strong sense of credibility as he spoke on about the time when he was oppressed and victimized. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 72.
  • 73. Examples Of Ethnic Cleansing Butcher of the Balkans Imagine being in a place where your ethnicity could get you murdered. Not only murdered, but murdered in the most brutal, tortuous, and agonizing way. If you were not murdered, you were most certainly threatened with the possibility, or other unthinkable actions; perhaps toward your children or wife. Your ethnicity is being pushed out from their homes all over the country and forced to live in horrid conditions. Imagine, all of your friends, family, and acquaintances of that same ethnicity living in constant fear that today could be their last day. What do you do? Run, hide, or maybe fight? The forces committing these atrocities are much stronger and much more powerful than your people, and the human instinct for survival is very strong, so it is logical to forgo fighting and run or hide instead. These dilemmas which seem surreal to most Americans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... There are many other instances of ethnic cleansing throughout history, however, even with the idea being essentially as old as time, the term, "ethnic cleansing," according to Gerard Toal and Carl Dahlman, "did not appear in the Western lexicon until it was quoted from an anonymous Western diplomat in an April 15, 1992 article in The New York Times" (18). The term was being used to describe the actions of Slobodan Milošević between 1987 and 1997. The horrible crimes Milošević committed against any non–Serbs around the Balkan Peninsula earned him the infamous title of the "Butcher of the Balkans" (Cohen 22). Milošević's reign of terror may be broken down into three main offices, the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, the President of Serbia, and the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. These three distinct time periods brought about ever–increasing hardship and oppression for non–Serbs within the region, and each are definitive in Milošević's nationalist campaign for Serbs, with an eventual climax of evil of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 74.
  • 75. The Causes Of Ethnic Cleansing In Burma Burma I argue that Wirathu of Burma's preaching of hate–filled sermons should not be tolerated. While it is not the cause of the ethnic cleansing in Burma, his sermons can instigate violence between the Muslims and Buddhists in the country. This ignites more rationalization of the ethnic cleansing. Burma is no stranger to war or outside influence from other countries in the west, and after the Buddhists of the county fought against military rule in 2007, they won the international administration (Wade 6). Since the change in administration the Buddhist have been the most vocal about the external threat the Islamic faith causes for the country (Wade 6). Most of the violence is directed toward the Rohingya Muslims that were banned from Bangladesh because of violent campaigns (Wade 7). With the Buddhist being the majority, it is easy for them to push out the Rohingya with the ethnic cleansing, and some argue that Wirathu is at the head of the violence. Wirathu's sermons include ideas like "In every town there is a savage Muslim majority" (Hodal 4). Or "we are being sexually harassed, ganged up on, and raped in in every town" (Hodal). Using this kind of language is bound to make his followers and others believe that these acquisitions are true of the Rohingya. Wirathu also states that "Muslims are only well behaved when they are weak, and that when they are strong they become like wolfs or jackals and hurt other animals" (Our World" Myanmar's Extremist Monk Wirathu). Wirathu's ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 76.
  • 77. Bosnia-Herzegovina Genocide Research Paper Throughout the years there has unfortunately been several instances of genocide and one of the most horrifying and tragic genocides was with the Nazi Holocaust that took place from 1938 until 1945. Another one of the horrifying genocides in history was the Bosnia–Herzegovina genocide that took place from 1992 until 1995. A genocide is essentially a systematic murder. Genocide is basically an attempted murder on individuals based on social or political reasons. Bosnia–Herzegovina was responsible for 200,000 deaths and the Nazi Holocaust was responsible for 6,000,000 deaths! Just because the amount of deaths between the two are drastically different does not mean that they did not both do a tremendous amount of damage and take a great deal of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... He blamed the Jews for all of the economic hardship that Germany was facing as well. He put out a majority of theories about Jews and blamed them for conspiring against the "master race" which were in his eyes people with blonde hair and blue eyes and fair skin. There were many, many years of hatred that went toward the Jews and the Holocaust finally broke out. When Ernst vom Rath died, the Nazis decided to use this as an excuse to make actual State–run attacks on the Jews. Immediately, 90 Jewish people were killed and then 500 Jewish synagogues were burned. Almost every Jewish shop had windows that were smashed thoroughly. Massive arrests also occurred against Jews... 25,000 Jewish men were actually forced to go into concentration camps. The St. Louis was a ship that had over 930 Jewish people crowded onto it and it was turned away from very many countries including the United States and Cuba. This means that the ship was sent right back to Europe and overpowered by Hitler's control just like the rest of Europe had been. When the new world war started to break ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...